The article seeks to present spiritual abuse and the untold harm it causes.While cognisant of the fact that this kind of abuse can occur within any faith context,the focus of this study is the possible existence of th...The article seeks to present spiritual abuse and the untold harm it causes.While cognisant of the fact that this kind of abuse can occur within any faith context,the focus of this study is the possible existence of the phenomenon within certain Christian religious groups,such as lay associations and movements,although it can take place within other more formal ecclesial structures such as dioceses,parishes,and institutes of consecrated life,too.The features of spiritual abuse are outlined,together with the urgency concerning an increased awareness about it.The Catholic Church,at a universal level,is in the process of delving more deeply into the phenomenon as it seeks to prepare useful guidelines with the aim of safeguarding the vulnerable who may be potential victims of this kind of abuse.The subtlety of the latter is coupled with the fact that it may be conveniently disguised under the cover of spiritual input,practices and prayer,as well as personal and communal spiritual relationships.展开更多
Objectives:To evaluate the occurrence of depression and its related factors among public health nurses(PHNs)engaged in child neglect-related abuse cases.Methods:A cross-sectional study of PHNs involved in maternal and...Objectives:To evaluate the occurrence of depression and its related factors among public health nurses(PHNs)engaged in child neglect-related abuse cases.Methods:A cross-sectional study of PHNs involved in maternal and child health or child and family welfare,and engaged in cases of child neglect-related abuse was conducted from January to March 2023 in all municipalities of 13 prefectures selected from Japan's seven regions,considering geographic diversity and major urban areas.The Patient Health Questionnaire-2 was used to screen for depression.Statistical analyses included the Chi-square test,Mann-Whitney U test,and logistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 359 provided valid responses.Among them,11.4%screened positive for depression.Significant individual factors related depression were management-stage nurses(OR=6.27,95%CI:1.63-24.18),no disability welfare experience(OR=3.49,95%CI:1.05-11.55),being assignment of highrisk cases within the past year(OR=8.28,95%CI:2.07-33.08),and lower work control(OR=0.53,95%CI:0.32-0.86).Workplace environment factors were lower perceptions and relationships within the workplace(OR=0.43,95%CI:0.29-0.65)and perceiving manpower as not secured(OR=9.07,95%CI:1.17-70.40),Conclusions:Mental health measures for PHNs should include workload management and reduced burdens through workforce enhancement,attention to burdens on managerial PHNs,promoting communication and mutual support,and opportunities to engage in disability welfare work.展开更多
Drawing upon self-determination theory,this study examines the effects of vicarious abusive supervision on third-party’s self-efficacy and task performance within organizational contexts.Data were collected via surve...Drawing upon self-determination theory,this study examines the effects of vicarious abusive supervision on third-party’s self-efficacy and task performance within organizational contexts.Data were collected via surveys from 337 employees across diverse organizations.The results indicate that vicarious abusive supervision significantly undermines both self-efficacy and task performance among employees who are indirectly exposed to such behavior but not directly targeted.Furthermore,self-efficacy serves as a mediator between vicarious abusive supervision and task performance;however,this mediating effect is attenuated for employees with a high promotion focus.These findings provide valuable theoretical and practical insights,particularly in the domain of organizational behavior,by emphasizing the critical role of promotion focus in mitigating the negative effects of vicarious abusive supervision.This research contributes to the organizational behavior literature by shifting the focus from the traditional supervisor-subordinate dynamic to a third-party perspective,thereby enriching our understanding of how vicarious abusive supervision impacts employees within organizational settings.The study underscores the importance of self-efficacy and promotion focus as key factors in unethical leadership contexts.展开更多
The study examined work engagement and coping strategies in the relationship between abusive supervision and helping behaviors among hospitality employees.Participants were 386 frontline hospitality employees(50.8%fem...The study examined work engagement and coping strategies in the relationship between abusive supervision and helping behaviors among hospitality employees.Participants were 386 frontline hospitality employees(50.8%females;38.9%with 1–5 years of experience;78.3%in the 18–40 age range).They self-reported coping strategies,abusive supervision,work engagement,and helping behaviors.Structural equation model results showed that abusive supervision to be associated with lower employee helping behaviors.Work engagement was higher with employees’helping behaviors.Engaged employees would unleash helping behaviors.Work engagement mediated the relationship between abusive supervision and helping behaviors,lowering the abusive supervision risk.Finally,avoidance of contact exacerbated the moderated abusive supervision–work engagement relationship for lower work engagement,while support-seeking and reframing exerted no moderation role.Findings suggest that avoiding an immediate supervisor exacerbates abusive supervision.Hence,applying behavior-based interviews when hiring supervisors would be of strategic advantage to employees’productivity.展开更多
Social media platforms like Instagram have increasingly become venues for online abuse and offensive comments. This study aimed to enhance user security to create a safe online environment by eliminating hate speech a...Social media platforms like Instagram have increasingly become venues for online abuse and offensive comments. This study aimed to enhance user security to create a safe online environment by eliminating hate speech and abusive language. The proposed system employed a multifaceted approach to comment filtering, incorporating the multi-level filter theory. This involved developing a comprehensive list of words representing various types of offensive language, from slang to explicit abuse. Machine learning models were trained to identify abusive messages through sentiment analysis and contextual understanding. The system categorized comments as positive, negative, or abusive using sentiment analysis algorithms. Employing AI technology, it created a dynamic filtering mechanism that adapted to evolving online language and abusive behavior. Integrated with Instagram while adhering to ethical data collection principles, the platform sought to promote a clean and positive user experience, encouraging users to focus on non-abusive communication. Our machine-learned models, trained on a cleaned Arabic language dataset, demonstrated promising accuracy (75.8%) in classifying Arabic comments, potentially reducing abusive content significantly. This advancement aimed to provide users with a clean and positive online experience.展开更多
Background: The use of drugs for purposes other than those for which they are meant to be used or in excess amounts. Psychoactive drugs are some of the drugs more commonly abused, also, antibiotics and other medicatio...Background: The use of drugs for purposes other than those for which they are meant to be used or in excess amounts. Psychoactive drugs are some of the drugs more commonly abused, also, antibiotics and other medications too can be misused. Drug abuse and misuse can lead to serious social, medical and emotional harm to the patients, and antibiotic resistance that makes treatment harder are also likely complications. Method: Patients in both male and female wards of the Orthoepaedics Department of ATBUTH, Bauchi were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and their responses were recorded and data were analyzed using the SPSS version 29. Results: A total of 112 patients were interviewed, 76 males and 36 females. Thirty-two (28.6%) patients had taken various kinds of unprescribed medications while on admission: 9 patients had taken unprescribed tramadol, 4 patients had taken codeine, 6 Ampiclox, 5 flagyl and about 8 patients had taken different kinds of traditional medications while on admission. Among the 32 patients, 23 (72%) are aged less than 30 years, 5 (16%) are aged between 30 and 50 years and 4 (12%) are aged above 50 years. Sixteen (50%) had such medications brought to them by relatives or friends, 10 (30%) were given by other patients on admission, 5 (15%) brought or bought the drugs by themselves while 1 (5%) were given by a non-clinical staff of the hospital. Conclusion: Drug misuse and abuse is a very serious, deleterious practice with destructive consequences in its wake, such consequences as drug dependency with all its antecedent effects, antibiotic resistance and difficulties in controlling/managing infections are but a few. So, it’s very important to both educate patients about these terrible practices and cope with the spread of them in our wards and hospitals.展开更多
The Japanese movie“0.5mm”connects the life clips between the nursing-care helper Sawa and several old people in the form of a road movie,highlighting many thought-provoking social problems,and revealing how the elem...The Japanese movie“0.5mm”connects the life clips between the nursing-care helper Sawa and several old people in the form of a road movie,highlighting many thought-provoking social problems,and revealing how the elements of emotional abuse hidden between the old people and their relatives and friends affect people’s dignity and decency,and at the same time trying to offset the persecution from the emotional abuse with the warm kindness between the elderly and the care workers.The film’s implicit description of emotional abuse and explicit display of good deeds are blended in the quiet and mysterious narrative character,achieving the effect of synchronizing the artistic narrative rhythm with the flow of life,reflecting the unique aesthetic characteristics of Japanese films.展开更多
Child abuse is an important source of mental and physical adverse consequences for victims,their family,and their community.The impact of violence during childhood on the development of the victim is a very sensitive ...Child abuse is an important source of mental and physical adverse consequences for victims,their family,and their community.The impact of violence during childhood on the development of the victim is a very sensitive theme.Other than internalizing symptoms,it is interesting to analyze the possibility that a victim may assume the role of persecutor.With this aim,we evaluate Literature and examine the interplay among different types of child abuse(emotional neglect,emotional abuse,physical neglect,physical abuse and sexual abuse)and the development of psychopathy.We consider the role of post-traumatic stress disorder and that of personal environment as potential mediators between abuse and psychopathy.Furthermore,an in-depth analysis on possible differences due to the victim's gender is performed.Finally,analysis focused on genetic variants,such as the polymorphism of 5HTT and MAO-A,or a biological alteration,like the difference in daily cortisol levels that could be related to the development of psychopathy after a trauma.展开更多
Objective To determine the status of adverse childhood experiences （ACEs） and the association of multiple ACEs with both parental alcoholism and later personal alcohol abuse among Chinese medical students with a vie...Objective To determine the status of adverse childhood experiences （ACEs） and the association of multiple ACEs with both parental alcoholism and later personal alcohol abuse among Chinese medical students with a view of improving adolescent health and reducing alcohol abuse among them. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 2073 Chinese medical students completed a survey on ten categories of ACEs in Anhui province of China. The association of parental alcoholism with ACEs and personal alcohol abuse was assessed by logistic regression analyses. Results The adjusted odds ratio （OR） for each category of ACEs in the subjects whose parents （either fathers or mothers or both） had alcohol abuse was 2 to 14 times higher than that in those with parental alcoholism （P〈0.05）. Subjects with bi-parental alcoholism had the highest likelihood of ACEs. Compared with the subjects without ACEs, therisk of personal alcohol abuse was increased by 2-4-folds in the subjects with ACEs, irrespective of parental alcoholism （P〈0.05）. The total number of ACEs （ACE score） had a graded relationship to 4 categories of personal alcohol abuse with or without parental alcoholism. The prevalence of personal alcohol abuse among the subjects with parental alcoholism was higher, which was independent of ACE scores. Conclusion The prevalence of ACEs is generally serious in China. Efforts should be made to prevent and treat children with ACEs and subsequently to reduce alcohol abuse and later problems.展开更多
In this study, five hundred urine samples and five hundred blood samples of abusers were examined for the presence of alkaloid substances and abuse drugs in urines and bloods. These numbers of blood and urine samples ...In this study, five hundred urine samples and five hundred blood samples of abusers were examined for the presence of alkaloid substances and abuse drugs in urines and bloods. These numbers of blood and urine samples of addicts in clinics of welfare organization, during detoxification treatment or maintenance treatment were screened for abuse drugs presence. The all of samples were tested through as a view of clinical laboratory methods. Age ranges of female patients were 35 ~ 15 and age range of males patients were 45 ~ 15. All patients filled questionnaire and satisfy forms too. First, all fresh urine and blood samples were examined to confirm presence drugs abuses, depend on their addiction and treatment, so all samples were confirmed by two tests. Then they were examined to other clinical laboratory tests. All data were analyzed by t-test and were Anova one way and two ways of Anova Turkey, and p 〈 0.05 was considered significant. The p-value of this study was p = 0.0001. The results of this study were showed that 4% of abusers had mild increase in hematocrite level and 2% of narcotic drugs abusers had mild lower level of blood sugars than normal range and 4% of participants had increase liver enzymes such ALT （alanine transferase）, AST （aspartat transferase）, ALP （alkaline phosphatease） and 1% of them had renal failure. Although blood level BUN （blood urea nitrogen） and creatinin were examined to evaluation of their renal failure .The results in Tabriz/Iran undrevision of welfare organization clinics were approximately showed that positive results of addiction are in each of urine and blood samples. Because some of abusers directly consumed full long time agonist or partial agonists＇ drugs such as methadone and buprenorphine for their maintenance therapy in clinics. Also doing test on blood samples has high importance in distinguishing and confirmation of drugs abuse in samples. Also in this study we conclude that among all drug analytical methods the cheapest and easiest test to screening opioids and other abuse drugs in urine and blood samples is strip test for rapid diagnosis, also tests on blood samples have high importance as a view point of accuracy to distinguishing of drugs abuse, and serum levels of some other parameters showed all abusers patients situation such as liver and renal dysfimction through clinical laboratory tests.展开更多
In this study, one hundred urine samples and one hundred blood samples of abusers were examined for the presence of alkaloid substances and abuse drugs in urines and bloods. These numbers of blood and urine samples re...In this study, one hundred urine samples and one hundred blood samples of abusers were examined for the presence of alkaloid substances and abuse drugs in urines and bloods. These numbers of blood and urine samples referred who addicts in clinics of Welfare Organization, during of detoxification treatment or maintenance treatment were screened for abuse drugs presence. Age ranges of female patients were 35 ± 15 and age range of males patients were 42 ± 18. All patients filled questionnaire and satisfy forms too. All data were analyzed by t-test and were Anowa one way, and P 〈 0.05 was considered significant. The P value of this study was P = 0.000. In this study we conclude that among all drug analytical methods the cheapest and easiest test to screening opioids and other abuse drugs in urine and blood samples is strip test for rapid diagnosis and TLC （thin-layer chromatography） is appropriate confirmation method to drug abuse distinguishing. Also tests on blood samples have high importance as a view point of accuracy to distinguishing of drugs abuse.展开更多
Objective To investigate whether 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) abuse produces another neurotoxicity which may significantly inhibit the acetylcholinesterase activity and result in severe oxidative damage an...Objective To investigate whether 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) abuse produces another neurotoxicity which may significantly inhibit the acetylcholinesterase activity and result in severe oxidative damage and liperoxidative damage to MDMA abusers. Methods 120 MDMA abusers (MA) and 120 healthy volunteers (HV) were enrolled in an independent sample control design, in which the levels of lipoperoxide (LPO) in plasma and erythrocytes as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in erythrocytes were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Results Compared with the average values of biochemical parameters in the HV group, those of LPO in plasma and erythrocytes in the MA group were significantly increased (P<0.0001), while those of SOD, CAT, GPX and AChE in erythrocytes in the MA group were significantly decreased (P<0.0001). The Pearson product-moment correlation analysis between the values of AChE and biochemical parameters in 120 MDMA abusers showed that significant linear negative correlation was present between the activity of AChE and the levels of LPO in plasma and erythrocytes (P<0.0005-0.0001), while significant linear positive correlation was observed between the activity of AchE and the activities of SOD, CAT and GPX (P<0.0001). The reliability analysis for the above biochemical parameters reflecting oxidative and lipoperoxidative damages in MDMA abusers suggested that the reliability coefficient (alpha) was 0.8124, and that the standardized item alpha was 0.9453. Conclusion The findings in the present study suggest that MDMA abuse can induce another neurotoxicity that significantly inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity and aggravates a series of free radical chain reactions and oxidative stress in the bodies of MDMA abusers, thereby resulting in severe neural, oxidative and lipoperoxidative damages in MDMA abusers.展开更多
A 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride-salt aqueous two-phase system was studied on extraction of abused drugs. The effects of sorts of salts, temperature, concentration of salt and drugs on system were investigated s...A 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride-salt aqueous two-phase system was studied on extraction of abused drugs. The effects of sorts of salts, temperature, concentration of salt and drugs on system were investigated systematically. A satisfactory extraction efficiency of 93% was obtained for papaverine while that of morphine was 65%. The extraction mechanism was primarily discussed.展开更多
AIM:Recent studies in Iran has shown that prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among Iranian prisoners is high, in spite of low HCV seroprevalence in general population. METHODS: This study was carried out ...AIM:Recent studies in Iran has shown that prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among Iranian prisoners is high, in spite of low HCV seroprevalence in general population. METHODS: This study was carried out in the central prison of Hamedan - Iran, in year 2002. Inmates were interviewed using a standard questionnaire including demographic, imprisonment history and HCV-related risk behaviors items. Thereafter, the sera drawn from the participants were tested for anti-HIV and anti-HCV antibodies. RESULTS: A total number of 427 drug abuser inmates participated in our study. Three hundred and ninety-seven (93%) were men and 30 (7%) were women. Total number of IV drug abusers (IDA) and non-IV drug abusers (NIDA) was 149 (34.9%) and 278 (65.1%), respectively. The overall rate of antibody positivity among inmates was 0.9% for HIV and 30% for HCV. Of all IDAs, 31.5% and of NIDAs, 29.1% had serological evidence of HCV infection. CONCLUSION: The seroprevalence of HCV infection among drug abuser prisoners in comparison with the general population in Iran, is very high (30% vs in italics 0.2%). Our results indicate the importance of policies to prevent transmission of HCV infection during and following incarceration.展开更多
Fentanyl is a fully synthetic opioid with analgesic and anesthetic properties.It has become a primary driver of the deadliest opioid crisis in the United States and elsewhere,consequently imposing devastating social,e...Fentanyl is a fully synthetic opioid with analgesic and anesthetic properties.It has become a primary driver of the deadliest opioid crisis in the United States and elsewhere,consequently imposing devastating social,economic,and health burdens worldwide.However,the neural mechanisms that underlie the behavioral effects of fentanyl and its analogs are largely unknown,and approaches to prevent fentanyl abuse and fentanyl-related overdose deaths are scarce.This review presents the abuse potential and unique pharmacology of fentanyl and elucidates its potential mechanisms of action,including neural circuit dysfunction and neuroinflammation.We discuss recent progress in the development of pharmacological interventions,anti-fentanyl vaccines,anti-fentanyl/heroin conjugate vaccines,and monoclonal antibodies to attenuate fentanyl-seeking and prevent fentanyl-induced respiratory depression.However,translational studies and clinical trials are still lacking.Considering the present opioid crisis,the development of effective pharmacological and immunological strategies to prevent fentanyl abuse and overdose are urgently needed.展开更多
文摘The article seeks to present spiritual abuse and the untold harm it causes.While cognisant of the fact that this kind of abuse can occur within any faith context,the focus of this study is the possible existence of the phenomenon within certain Christian religious groups,such as lay associations and movements,although it can take place within other more formal ecclesial structures such as dioceses,parishes,and institutes of consecrated life,too.The features of spiritual abuse are outlined,together with the urgency concerning an increased awareness about it.The Catholic Church,at a universal level,is in the process of delving more deeply into the phenomenon as it seeks to prepare useful guidelines with the aim of safeguarding the vulnerable who may be potential victims of this kind of abuse.The subtlety of the latter is coupled with the fact that it may be conveniently disguised under the cover of spiritual input,practices and prayer,as well as personal and communal spiritual relationships.
基金funded by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(JP19K19762,JP 23K10258)from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,Japan.
文摘Objectives:To evaluate the occurrence of depression and its related factors among public health nurses(PHNs)engaged in child neglect-related abuse cases.Methods:A cross-sectional study of PHNs involved in maternal and child health or child and family welfare,and engaged in cases of child neglect-related abuse was conducted from January to March 2023 in all municipalities of 13 prefectures selected from Japan's seven regions,considering geographic diversity and major urban areas.The Patient Health Questionnaire-2 was used to screen for depression.Statistical analyses included the Chi-square test,Mann-Whitney U test,and logistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 359 provided valid responses.Among them,11.4%screened positive for depression.Significant individual factors related depression were management-stage nurses(OR=6.27,95%CI:1.63-24.18),no disability welfare experience(OR=3.49,95%CI:1.05-11.55),being assignment of highrisk cases within the past year(OR=8.28,95%CI:2.07-33.08),and lower work control(OR=0.53,95%CI:0.32-0.86).Workplace environment factors were lower perceptions and relationships within the workplace(OR=0.43,95%CI:0.29-0.65)and perceiving manpower as not secured(OR=9.07,95%CI:1.17-70.40),Conclusions:Mental health measures for PHNs should include workload management and reduced burdens through workforce enhancement,attention to burdens on managerial PHNs,promoting communication and mutual support,and opportunities to engage in disability welfare work.
文摘Drawing upon self-determination theory,this study examines the effects of vicarious abusive supervision on third-party’s self-efficacy and task performance within organizational contexts.Data were collected via surveys from 337 employees across diverse organizations.The results indicate that vicarious abusive supervision significantly undermines both self-efficacy and task performance among employees who are indirectly exposed to such behavior but not directly targeted.Furthermore,self-efficacy serves as a mediator between vicarious abusive supervision and task performance;however,this mediating effect is attenuated for employees with a high promotion focus.These findings provide valuable theoretical and practical insights,particularly in the domain of organizational behavior,by emphasizing the critical role of promotion focus in mitigating the negative effects of vicarious abusive supervision.This research contributes to the organizational behavior literature by shifting the focus from the traditional supervisor-subordinate dynamic to a third-party perspective,thereby enriching our understanding of how vicarious abusive supervision impacts employees within organizational settings.The study underscores the importance of self-efficacy and promotion focus as key factors in unethical leadership contexts.
文摘The study examined work engagement and coping strategies in the relationship between abusive supervision and helping behaviors among hospitality employees.Participants were 386 frontline hospitality employees(50.8%females;38.9%with 1–5 years of experience;78.3%in the 18–40 age range).They self-reported coping strategies,abusive supervision,work engagement,and helping behaviors.Structural equation model results showed that abusive supervision to be associated with lower employee helping behaviors.Work engagement was higher with employees’helping behaviors.Engaged employees would unleash helping behaviors.Work engagement mediated the relationship between abusive supervision and helping behaviors,lowering the abusive supervision risk.Finally,avoidance of contact exacerbated the moderated abusive supervision–work engagement relationship for lower work engagement,while support-seeking and reframing exerted no moderation role.Findings suggest that avoiding an immediate supervisor exacerbates abusive supervision.Hence,applying behavior-based interviews when hiring supervisors would be of strategic advantage to employees’productivity.
文摘Social media platforms like Instagram have increasingly become venues for online abuse and offensive comments. This study aimed to enhance user security to create a safe online environment by eliminating hate speech and abusive language. The proposed system employed a multifaceted approach to comment filtering, incorporating the multi-level filter theory. This involved developing a comprehensive list of words representing various types of offensive language, from slang to explicit abuse. Machine learning models were trained to identify abusive messages through sentiment analysis and contextual understanding. The system categorized comments as positive, negative, or abusive using sentiment analysis algorithms. Employing AI technology, it created a dynamic filtering mechanism that adapted to evolving online language and abusive behavior. Integrated with Instagram while adhering to ethical data collection principles, the platform sought to promote a clean and positive user experience, encouraging users to focus on non-abusive communication. Our machine-learned models, trained on a cleaned Arabic language dataset, demonstrated promising accuracy (75.8%) in classifying Arabic comments, potentially reducing abusive content significantly. This advancement aimed to provide users with a clean and positive online experience.
文摘Background: The use of drugs for purposes other than those for which they are meant to be used or in excess amounts. Psychoactive drugs are some of the drugs more commonly abused, also, antibiotics and other medications too can be misused. Drug abuse and misuse can lead to serious social, medical and emotional harm to the patients, and antibiotic resistance that makes treatment harder are also likely complications. Method: Patients in both male and female wards of the Orthoepaedics Department of ATBUTH, Bauchi were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and their responses were recorded and data were analyzed using the SPSS version 29. Results: A total of 112 patients were interviewed, 76 males and 36 females. Thirty-two (28.6%) patients had taken various kinds of unprescribed medications while on admission: 9 patients had taken unprescribed tramadol, 4 patients had taken codeine, 6 Ampiclox, 5 flagyl and about 8 patients had taken different kinds of traditional medications while on admission. Among the 32 patients, 23 (72%) are aged less than 30 years, 5 (16%) are aged between 30 and 50 years and 4 (12%) are aged above 50 years. Sixteen (50%) had such medications brought to them by relatives or friends, 10 (30%) were given by other patients on admission, 5 (15%) brought or bought the drugs by themselves while 1 (5%) were given by a non-clinical staff of the hospital. Conclusion: Drug misuse and abuse is a very serious, deleterious practice with destructive consequences in its wake, such consequences as drug dependency with all its antecedent effects, antibiotic resistance and difficulties in controlling/managing infections are but a few. So, it’s very important to both educate patients about these terrible practices and cope with the spread of them in our wards and hospitals.
文摘The Japanese movie“0.5mm”connects the life clips between the nursing-care helper Sawa and several old people in the form of a road movie,highlighting many thought-provoking social problems,and revealing how the elements of emotional abuse hidden between the old people and their relatives and friends affect people’s dignity and decency,and at the same time trying to offset the persecution from the emotional abuse with the warm kindness between the elderly and the care workers.The film’s implicit description of emotional abuse and explicit display of good deeds are blended in the quiet and mysterious narrative character,achieving the effect of synchronizing the artistic narrative rhythm with the flow of life,reflecting the unique aesthetic characteristics of Japanese films.
文摘Child abuse is an important source of mental and physical adverse consequences for victims,their family,and their community.The impact of violence during childhood on the development of the victim is a very sensitive theme.Other than internalizing symptoms,it is interesting to analyze the possibility that a victim may assume the role of persecutor.With this aim,we evaluate Literature and examine the interplay among different types of child abuse(emotional neglect,emotional abuse,physical neglect,physical abuse and sexual abuse)and the development of psychopathy.We consider the role of post-traumatic stress disorder and that of personal environment as potential mediators between abuse and psychopathy.Furthermore,an in-depth analysis on possible differences due to the victim's gender is performed.Finally,analysis focused on genetic variants,such as the polymorphism of 5HTT and MAO-A,or a biological alteration,like the difference in daily cortisol levels that could be related to the development of psychopathy after a trauma.
基金grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30671815)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. 070413106)
文摘Objective To determine the status of adverse childhood experiences （ACEs） and the association of multiple ACEs with both parental alcoholism and later personal alcohol abuse among Chinese medical students with a view of improving adolescent health and reducing alcohol abuse among them. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 2073 Chinese medical students completed a survey on ten categories of ACEs in Anhui province of China. The association of parental alcoholism with ACEs and personal alcohol abuse was assessed by logistic regression analyses. Results The adjusted odds ratio （OR） for each category of ACEs in the subjects whose parents （either fathers or mothers or both） had alcohol abuse was 2 to 14 times higher than that in those with parental alcoholism （P〈0.05）. Subjects with bi-parental alcoholism had the highest likelihood of ACEs. Compared with the subjects without ACEs, therisk of personal alcohol abuse was increased by 2-4-folds in the subjects with ACEs, irrespective of parental alcoholism （P〈0.05）. The total number of ACEs （ACE score） had a graded relationship to 4 categories of personal alcohol abuse with or without parental alcoholism. The prevalence of personal alcohol abuse among the subjects with parental alcoholism was higher, which was independent of ACE scores. Conclusion The prevalence of ACEs is generally serious in China. Efforts should be made to prevent and treat children with ACEs and subsequently to reduce alcohol abuse and later problems.
文摘In this study, five hundred urine samples and five hundred blood samples of abusers were examined for the presence of alkaloid substances and abuse drugs in urines and bloods. These numbers of blood and urine samples of addicts in clinics of welfare organization, during detoxification treatment or maintenance treatment were screened for abuse drugs presence. The all of samples were tested through as a view of clinical laboratory methods. Age ranges of female patients were 35 ~ 15 and age range of males patients were 45 ~ 15. All patients filled questionnaire and satisfy forms too. First, all fresh urine and blood samples were examined to confirm presence drugs abuses, depend on their addiction and treatment, so all samples were confirmed by two tests. Then they were examined to other clinical laboratory tests. All data were analyzed by t-test and were Anova one way and two ways of Anova Turkey, and p 〈 0.05 was considered significant. The p-value of this study was p = 0.0001. The results of this study were showed that 4% of abusers had mild increase in hematocrite level and 2% of narcotic drugs abusers had mild lower level of blood sugars than normal range and 4% of participants had increase liver enzymes such ALT （alanine transferase）, AST （aspartat transferase）, ALP （alkaline phosphatease） and 1% of them had renal failure. Although blood level BUN （blood urea nitrogen） and creatinin were examined to evaluation of their renal failure .The results in Tabriz/Iran undrevision of welfare organization clinics were approximately showed that positive results of addiction are in each of urine and blood samples. Because some of abusers directly consumed full long time agonist or partial agonists＇ drugs such as methadone and buprenorphine for their maintenance therapy in clinics. Also doing test on blood samples has high importance in distinguishing and confirmation of drugs abuse in samples. Also in this study we conclude that among all drug analytical methods the cheapest and easiest test to screening opioids and other abuse drugs in urine and blood samples is strip test for rapid diagnosis, also tests on blood samples have high importance as a view point of accuracy to distinguishing of drugs abuse, and serum levels of some other parameters showed all abusers patients situation such as liver and renal dysfimction through clinical laboratory tests.
文摘In this study, one hundred urine samples and one hundred blood samples of abusers were examined for the presence of alkaloid substances and abuse drugs in urines and bloods. These numbers of blood and urine samples referred who addicts in clinics of Welfare Organization, during of detoxification treatment or maintenance treatment were screened for abuse drugs presence. Age ranges of female patients were 35 ± 15 and age range of males patients were 42 ± 18. All patients filled questionnaire and satisfy forms too. All data were analyzed by t-test and were Anowa one way, and P 〈 0.05 was considered significant. The P value of this study was P = 0.000. In this study we conclude that among all drug analytical methods the cheapest and easiest test to screening opioids and other abuse drugs in urine and blood samples is strip test for rapid diagnosis and TLC （thin-layer chromatography） is appropriate confirmation method to drug abuse distinguishing. Also tests on blood samples have high importance as a view point of accuracy to distinguishing of drugs abuse.
文摘Objective To investigate whether 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) abuse produces another neurotoxicity which may significantly inhibit the acetylcholinesterase activity and result in severe oxidative damage and liperoxidative damage to MDMA abusers. Methods 120 MDMA abusers (MA) and 120 healthy volunteers (HV) were enrolled in an independent sample control design, in which the levels of lipoperoxide (LPO) in plasma and erythrocytes as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in erythrocytes were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Results Compared with the average values of biochemical parameters in the HV group, those of LPO in plasma and erythrocytes in the MA group were significantly increased (P<0.0001), while those of SOD, CAT, GPX and AChE in erythrocytes in the MA group were significantly decreased (P<0.0001). The Pearson product-moment correlation analysis between the values of AChE and biochemical parameters in 120 MDMA abusers showed that significant linear negative correlation was present between the activity of AChE and the levels of LPO in plasma and erythrocytes (P<0.0005-0.0001), while significant linear positive correlation was observed between the activity of AchE and the activities of SOD, CAT and GPX (P<0.0001). The reliability analysis for the above biochemical parameters reflecting oxidative and lipoperoxidative damages in MDMA abusers suggested that the reliability coefficient (alpha) was 0.8124, and that the standardized item alpha was 0.9453. Conclusion The findings in the present study suggest that MDMA abuse can induce another neurotoxicity that significantly inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity and aggravates a series of free radical chain reactions and oxidative stress in the bodies of MDMA abusers, thereby resulting in severe neural, oxidative and lipoperoxidative damages in MDMA abusers.
基金This study was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20275003 and 20335010).
文摘A 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride-salt aqueous two-phase system was studied on extraction of abused drugs. The effects of sorts of salts, temperature, concentration of salt and drugs on system were investigated systematically. A satisfactory extraction efficiency of 93% was obtained for papaverine while that of morphine was 65%. The extraction mechanism was primarily discussed.
文摘AIM:Recent studies in Iran has shown that prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among Iranian prisoners is high, in spite of low HCV seroprevalence in general population. METHODS: This study was carried out in the central prison of Hamedan - Iran, in year 2002. Inmates were interviewed using a standard questionnaire including demographic, imprisonment history and HCV-related risk behaviors items. Thereafter, the sera drawn from the participants were tested for anti-HIV and anti-HCV antibodies. RESULTS: A total number of 427 drug abuser inmates participated in our study. Three hundred and ninety-seven (93%) were men and 30 (7%) were women. Total number of IV drug abusers (IDA) and non-IV drug abusers (NIDA) was 149 (34.9%) and 278 (65.1%), respectively. The overall rate of antibody positivity among inmates was 0.9% for HIV and 30% for HCV. Of all IDAs, 31.5% and of NIDAs, 29.1% had serological evidence of HCV infection. CONCLUSION: The seroprevalence of HCV infection among drug abuser prisoners in comparison with the general population in Iran, is very high (30% vs in italics 0.2%). Our results indicate the importance of policies to prevent transmission of HCV infection during and following incarceration.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC0118604)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071058).
文摘Fentanyl is a fully synthetic opioid with analgesic and anesthetic properties.It has become a primary driver of the deadliest opioid crisis in the United States and elsewhere,consequently imposing devastating social,economic,and health burdens worldwide.However,the neural mechanisms that underlie the behavioral effects of fentanyl and its analogs are largely unknown,and approaches to prevent fentanyl abuse and fentanyl-related overdose deaths are scarce.This review presents the abuse potential and unique pharmacology of fentanyl and elucidates its potential mechanisms of action,including neural circuit dysfunction and neuroinflammation.We discuss recent progress in the development of pharmacological interventions,anti-fentanyl vaccines,anti-fentanyl/heroin conjugate vaccines,and monoclonal antibodies to attenuate fentanyl-seeking and prevent fentanyl-induced respiratory depression.However,translational studies and clinical trials are still lacking.Considering the present opioid crisis,the development of effective pharmacological and immunological strategies to prevent fentanyl abuse and overdose are urgently needed.
