DURING this age of obsolescence where today＇s computers, cellphones and televisions will soon be discarded as trash, about 40 million tons of digital detritus is generated every year and this figure is increasing by ...DURING this age of obsolescence where today＇s computers, cellphones and televisions will soon be discarded as trash, about 40 million tons of digital detritus is generated every year and this figure is increasing by 4 percent annually. E-waste, comprising all electrical and electronic waste, is the fastest-growing rubbish stream in the world and few regions are feeling its effects more than West Africa.展开更多
The plant pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is the causative agent of Sclerotinia stem rot(SSR)disease in most dicotyledons.Among the various proteins involved in drug efflux or substance transport,ATP-bindin...The plant pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is the causative agent of Sclerotinia stem rot(SSR)disease in most dicotyledons.Among the various proteins involved in drug efflux or substance transport,ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporters constitute a superfamily of membrane-bound proteins that may play a crucial role in the survival of S.sclerotiorum.However,the expression patterns and functions of ABC transporter genes in S.sclerotiorum remain largely uncharacterized.This study characterized a highly expressed S.sclerotiorum ABC transporter gene during inoculation on host plants,Ss BMR1.Silencing Ss BMR1 resulted in a significant reduction in hyphal growth,infection cushion development,sclerotia formation,and virulence.Moreover,host-induced gene silencing(HIGS)of Ss BMR1 significantly enhanced plant resistance.Transcriptome and metabolomics analyses suggested that Ss BMR1 is involved in antioxidant and toxin transport,thereby influencing fungal defense and cell rescue mechanisms.In comparison to the wild-type strain,Ss BMR1 gene-silenced transformants exhibited a diminished response to extracellar oxidative stress and a decreased exporting of antioxidant glutathione.Tolerance assays further demonstrated the crucial role of Ss BMR1 in conferring resistance to the plant antifungal substances,camalexin and brassinin,as well as certain fungicides.Furthermore,Ss BMR1 gene-silenced transformants showed enhanced repression on virulence when sprayed with camalexin and brassinin on the leaves.Thus,Ss BMR1 likely contributes to virulence by facilitating the export of antioxidant and providing resistance against antifungal agents.The findings of this study provide valuable insights that could contribute to the development of novel management techniques for SSR.展开更多
文摘DURING this age of obsolescence where today＇s computers, cellphones and televisions will soon be discarded as trash, about 40 million tons of digital detritus is generated every year and this figure is increasing by 4 percent annually. E-waste, comprising all electrical and electronic waste, is the fastest-growing rubbish stream in the world and few regions are feeling its effects more than West Africa.
文摘目的探讨基于ABC-X模型的护理干预在轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)患者中的应用价值。方法选取100例MCI患者,采用随机数表法将其分为观察组和对照组,各50例。观察组使用基于ABC-X模型的护理干预,对照组使用常规护理干预。比较两组患者干预前和干预4周后的焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)、抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)、蒙特利尔认知评估(Montreal cognitive assessment,Mo CA)量表、36条简明健康状况调查表(36-item short form health survey,SF-36)评分。结果两组患者在护理干预前SAS、SDS得分、MoCA量表总分、SF-36平均分比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。在干预4周后,观察组患者SAS、SDS得分均显著低于对照组(均P<0.01);Mo CA量表总分、SF-36平均分均显著高于对照组(均P<0.01)。结论在MCI患者中应用基于ABC-X模型的护理干预,能有效缓解其负面情绪,改善认知功能,进而提升其生活质量,因此具备良好的推广应用价值。
基金received financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(CSTB2023NSCQMSX0355)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(SWU120075)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372077)。
文摘The plant pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is the causative agent of Sclerotinia stem rot(SSR)disease in most dicotyledons.Among the various proteins involved in drug efflux or substance transport,ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporters constitute a superfamily of membrane-bound proteins that may play a crucial role in the survival of S.sclerotiorum.However,the expression patterns and functions of ABC transporter genes in S.sclerotiorum remain largely uncharacterized.This study characterized a highly expressed S.sclerotiorum ABC transporter gene during inoculation on host plants,Ss BMR1.Silencing Ss BMR1 resulted in a significant reduction in hyphal growth,infection cushion development,sclerotia formation,and virulence.Moreover,host-induced gene silencing(HIGS)of Ss BMR1 significantly enhanced plant resistance.Transcriptome and metabolomics analyses suggested that Ss BMR1 is involved in antioxidant and toxin transport,thereby influencing fungal defense and cell rescue mechanisms.In comparison to the wild-type strain,Ss BMR1 gene-silenced transformants exhibited a diminished response to extracellar oxidative stress and a decreased exporting of antioxidant glutathione.Tolerance assays further demonstrated the crucial role of Ss BMR1 in conferring resistance to the plant antifungal substances,camalexin and brassinin,as well as certain fungicides.Furthermore,Ss BMR1 gene-silenced transformants showed enhanced repression on virulence when sprayed with camalexin and brassinin on the leaves.Thus,Ss BMR1 likely contributes to virulence by facilitating the export of antioxidant and providing resistance against antifungal agents.The findings of this study provide valuable insights that could contribute to the development of novel management techniques for SSR.
