为了探索新型航空发动机研制规律,通过收集整理美国AATE和ITEP两项计划中的2237 k W涡轴发动机GE3000和HPW3000研发的一些公开信息,结合美国国防科技的分类分阶段管理,再现了美国新型发动机阶段化研发的全貌。指出美国国防科研的分类管...为了探索新型航空发动机研制规律,通过收集整理美国AATE和ITEP两项计划中的2237 k W涡轴发动机GE3000和HPW3000研发的一些公开信息,结合美国国防科技的分类分阶段管理,再现了美国新型发动机阶段化研发的全貌。指出美国国防科研的分类管理体现了原始创新和集成创新均衡发展的科技创新理念,国防武器装备研发的分阶段全寿命周期管理反映了基于技术成熟度对复杂系统研发有效的风险管控理念,实力相当的竞争在帮助军方获得最优装备的同时,也促使参与竞标的公司不断提升自身的技术和管理水平,推动了持续的技术创新。展开更多
Background The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of different levels of betaine(Bet)inclusion in the diet on the intestinal health of growing rabbits under summer heat.A total of 100 weaned Qixing m...Background The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of different levels of betaine(Bet)inclusion in the diet on the intestinal health of growing rabbits under summer heat.A total of 100 weaned Qixing meat rabbits aged 35 d with body weight of 748.61±38.59 g were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups:control group(basal diet)and Bet groups(basal diet+0.75,1.0,1.5 or 2.0 g/kg Bet).The average daily temperature in the rabbitry during the experiment was 30.48°C and the relative humidity was 69.44%.Results Dietary addition of Bet had no significant effect on growth performance and health status of growing rabbits(P>0.05),but it increased ileal secretory immunoglobulin A content compared to the control under summer heat(P<0.05).Addition of 0.75 g/kg Bet up-regulated jejunal IL-4,down-regulated ileal TNF-αexpression(P<0.05).The addition of 1.0 g/kg Bet increased the villi height(VH)in the jejunum(P<0.05).Serum glucose levels were reduced,and the expression of SLC6A20 was up-regulated in jejunum and ileum of rabbits fed with 1.5 g/kg Bet(P<0.05).When added at 2.0 g/kg,Bet reduced serum HSP70 content,increased jejunal VH,and up-regulated duodenal SLC7A6,SLC38A2,mTOR and 4EBP-2 expression(P<0.05).Correlation analysis revealed that intestinal mTOR expression was significantly and positively correlated with SLC7A6,SLC38A2,SLC36A1 and IL-4 expression(P<0.05).Conclusions Dietary addition of Bet can up-regulate the expression of anti-inflammatory factors through the AAT/mTOR pathway,improve the intestinal immune function,alleviate intestinal damage in growing rabbits caused by summer heat,and improve intestinal health.展开更多
文摘为了探索新型航空发动机研制规律,通过收集整理美国AATE和ITEP两项计划中的2237 k W涡轴发动机GE3000和HPW3000研发的一些公开信息,结合美国国防科技的分类分阶段管理,再现了美国新型发动机阶段化研发的全貌。指出美国国防科研的分类管理体现了原始创新和集成创新均衡发展的科技创新理念,国防武器装备研发的分阶段全寿命周期管理反映了基于技术成熟度对复杂系统研发有效的风险管控理念,实力相当的竞争在帮助军方获得最优装备的同时,也促使参与竞标的公司不断提升自身的技术和管理水平,推动了持续的技术创新。
文摘Background The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of different levels of betaine(Bet)inclusion in the diet on the intestinal health of growing rabbits under summer heat.A total of 100 weaned Qixing meat rabbits aged 35 d with body weight of 748.61±38.59 g were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups:control group(basal diet)and Bet groups(basal diet+0.75,1.0,1.5 or 2.0 g/kg Bet).The average daily temperature in the rabbitry during the experiment was 30.48°C and the relative humidity was 69.44%.Results Dietary addition of Bet had no significant effect on growth performance and health status of growing rabbits(P>0.05),but it increased ileal secretory immunoglobulin A content compared to the control under summer heat(P<0.05).Addition of 0.75 g/kg Bet up-regulated jejunal IL-4,down-regulated ileal TNF-αexpression(P<0.05).The addition of 1.0 g/kg Bet increased the villi height(VH)in the jejunum(P<0.05).Serum glucose levels were reduced,and the expression of SLC6A20 was up-regulated in jejunum and ileum of rabbits fed with 1.5 g/kg Bet(P<0.05).When added at 2.0 g/kg,Bet reduced serum HSP70 content,increased jejunal VH,and up-regulated duodenal SLC7A6,SLC38A2,mTOR and 4EBP-2 expression(P<0.05).Correlation analysis revealed that intestinal mTOR expression was significantly and positively correlated with SLC7A6,SLC38A2,SLC36A1 and IL-4 expression(P<0.05).Conclusions Dietary addition of Bet can up-regulate the expression of anti-inflammatory factors through the AAT/mTOR pathway,improve the intestinal immune function,alleviate intestinal damage in growing rabbits caused by summer heat,and improve intestinal health.
