Ischemic stroke(IS)is a globally life-threatening disease.Presently,few therapeutic medicines are available for treating IS,and rt-PA is the only drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)in the US.In f...Ischemic stroke(IS)is a globally life-threatening disease.Presently,few therapeutic medicines are available for treating IS,and rt-PA is the only drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)in the US.In fact,many agents showing excellent neuroprotection but no blood flow-improving activity in animals have not achieved ideal clinical efficacy,while thrombolytic drugs only improving blood flow without neuroprotection have limited their wider application.To address these challenges and meet the huge unmet clinical need,we have designed and identified a novel compound AAPB with dual effects of neuroprotection and cerebral blood flow improvement.AAPB significantly reduced cerebral infarction and neural function deficit in tMCAO rats,pMCAO rats,and IS rhesus monkeys,as well as displayed exceptional safety profiles and excellent pharmacokinetic properties in rats and dogs.AAPB has now entered phase I of clinical trials fighting IS in China.展开更多
anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria （AAPB）, which form a unique functional group of heterotrophic bacteria, have the abilit,to utilize light energy. The impact of carbon source and light intensity on the growth and bac...anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria （AAPB）, which form a unique functional group of heterotrophic bacteria, have the abilit,to utilize light energy. The impact of carbon source and light intensity on the growth and bacteriochlorophyn a （ BChl a） expression of a typical strain of AAPB, Erythrobacter longus strain DSMZ6997 was examined during batch culture and continuous culture. The results showed that the expression of BChl a in DSMZ6997 was regulated by both carbon-source and light conditions, and was stimulated by low availability of carbon but inhibited by light to a certain extent at 300 lx and completely at 1 500 lx. In contrast, cell abundance, and even cell size of this strain, was substantially enhanced under light/dark cycle cultivation conditions over dark conditions, indicating the promotion of growth by light. These results led to the conclusion that utilization of light through BChl a helps AAPB to survive under carbon stress, while light at high intensity is harmful to the synthesis of BChl a in AAPB.展开更多
Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria(AAPB)are significant bacterial groups in aquatic ecosystems,known for their rapid growth and photoheterotrophic characteristics.However,the distribution and ecological assembly...Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria(AAPB)are significant bacterial groups in aquatic ecosystems,known for their rapid growth and photoheterotrophic characteristics.However,the distribution and ecological assembly process of AAPB in low irradiation freshwater basins remain unclear,warranting further investigation.In this study,we present the diversity,abundance,spatial variations,ecological process,and community interaction of AAPB in sediment of Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR)under low irradiation.Our findings demonstrate the dominant genera of AAPB community that exist in the TGR area also are appeared in different waters,with some regional preference.Moreover,the concentration of pufM gene,an indicator for AAPB,maintains a consistently high numerical level ranging from(2.21±0.44)×10^(4)to(9.98±0.30)×10^(7)gene copies/g.Although solar irradiation is suggested as the major factor affecting AAPB,it remains unclear whether and how AAPB differ between regions due to varying solar irradiation levels.Our results show spatial differences between total bacteria and AAPB communities,with significant differences observed only in AAPB.Geographical and environmental factor contributed less than 10%to the spatial difference of community,with sediment type and environmental factors being the key factors influencing microbial community structure.The stochastic process plays a dominant role in the aggregation and replacement of AAPB communities,among which the most contribution is dispersal limitation.For AAPB network,Yoonia and Gemmobacter are the hubs for modules.Those results valuable insights into the AAPB communities in TGR with low irradiation.展开更多
Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (AAPB) are characterized by the following physiological and ecological features. A mother AAPB cell can unusually divide into 3 daughter cells and looks like a 揧?during the di...Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (AAPB) are characterized by the following physiological and ecological features. A mother AAPB cell can unusually divide into 3 daughter cells and looks like a 揧?during the division. AAPB cells sometimes adhere together forming a free-floating population. Most of the known AAPB species are obligately aerobic. Bacteriochlorophyll a (BChl a) is the only photosynthetic pigment in AAPB, and the number of BChl a molecules in an AAPB cell is much less than that in an anaerobic phototrophic bacterial cell, while the accessorial pigments carotenoids in AAPB are abundant in concentration and diverse in species. In addition to the common magnesium containing BChl a, a zinc-containing BChla was also seen in AAPB. AAPB have light harvesting complexⅠbut usually lack light harvesting complexⅡ. Although AAPB featur in photosynthesis, their growth is not necessarily light- dependent. There is a mechanism controlling the photosynthesis approach. AAPB are widely distributed in marine environments especially in oligotrophic oceans accounting for a substantial portion of the total biomass and playing a unique role in the cycle of carbon and other biogenic elements. Besides the contribution to primary production, AAPB also have great potentials in bioremediation of polluted environments. Studies on AAPB would be of great value in understanding the evolution of photosynthesis and the structure and function of marine ecosystems.展开更多
Accurate quantification of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (AAPB) is of crucial importance for estimation of the role of AAPB in the carbon cycling in marine ecosystems. The normally used method 揺pifluo-resc...Accurate quantification of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (AAPB) is of crucial importance for estimation of the role of AAPB in the carbon cycling in marine ecosystems. The normally used method 揺pifluo-rescence microscope-infrared photography (EFM-IRP)?is, however, subject to positive errors introduced by mis-taking cyanobacteria as AAPB due to the visibility of cyanobacteria under infrared photographic conditions for AAPB. This error could be up to 30% in the coast of the East China Sea. Such bias should be avoided by either subtracting cyanobacteira from the total infrared counts or using a flowcytometer equipped with specific detectors for discrimination between cyanobacteria and AAPB.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82273780,82173681 and 82104004)the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022D01D38,China)+2 种基金the open projects of State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines(No.SKLNMZZ202213,China)the State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis,Prevention,and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia Fund(SKL-HIDCA-2021-1,China)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China Pharmaceutical University(No.2632023TD04).
文摘Ischemic stroke(IS)is a globally life-threatening disease.Presently,few therapeutic medicines are available for treating IS,and rt-PA is the only drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)in the US.In fact,many agents showing excellent neuroprotection but no blood flow-improving activity in animals have not achieved ideal clinical efficacy,while thrombolytic drugs only improving blood flow without neuroprotection have limited their wider application.To address these challenges and meet the huge unmet clinical need,we have designed and identified a novel compound AAPB with dual effects of neuroprotection and cerebral blood flow improvement.AAPB significantly reduced cerebral infarction and neural function deficit in tMCAO rats,pMCAO rats,and IS rhesus monkeys,as well as displayed exceptional safety profiles and excellent pharmacokinetic properties in rats and dogs.AAPB has now entered phase I of clinical trials fighting IS in China.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 40232021,40576063 and 40521003the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under contract Nos 2005AA635240 and 2003DF000040.
文摘anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria （AAPB）, which form a unique functional group of heterotrophic bacteria, have the abilit,to utilize light energy. The impact of carbon source and light intensity on the growth and bacteriochlorophyn a （ BChl a） expression of a typical strain of AAPB, Erythrobacter longus strain DSMZ6997 was examined during batch culture and continuous culture. The results showed that the expression of BChl a in DSMZ6997 was regulated by both carbon-source and light conditions, and was stimulated by low availability of carbon but inhibited by light to a certain extent at 300 lx and completely at 1 500 lx. In contrast, cell abundance, and even cell size of this strain, was substantially enhanced under light/dark cycle cultivation conditions over dark conditions, indicating the promotion of growth by light. These results led to the conclusion that utilization of light through BChl a helps AAPB to survive under carbon stress, while light at high intensity is harmful to the synthesis of BChl a in AAPB.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52070179,52270190,52131003)the Scientific research instrument development project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.YJKYYQ2020004)the Outstanding Scientist of Chongqing Talent Program(No.CQYC20210101288)。
文摘Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria(AAPB)are significant bacterial groups in aquatic ecosystems,known for their rapid growth and photoheterotrophic characteristics.However,the distribution and ecological assembly process of AAPB in low irradiation freshwater basins remain unclear,warranting further investigation.In this study,we present the diversity,abundance,spatial variations,ecological process,and community interaction of AAPB in sediment of Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR)under low irradiation.Our findings demonstrate the dominant genera of AAPB community that exist in the TGR area also are appeared in different waters,with some regional preference.Moreover,the concentration of pufM gene,an indicator for AAPB,maintains a consistently high numerical level ranging from(2.21±0.44)×10^(4)to(9.98±0.30)×10^(7)gene copies/g.Although solar irradiation is suggested as the major factor affecting AAPB,it remains unclear whether and how AAPB differ between regions due to varying solar irradiation levels.Our results show spatial differences between total bacteria and AAPB communities,with significant differences observed only in AAPB.Geographical and environmental factor contributed less than 10%to the spatial difference of community,with sediment type and environmental factors being the key factors influencing microbial community structure.The stochastic process plays a dominant role in the aggregation and replacement of AAPB communities,among which the most contribution is dispersal limitation.For AAPB network,Yoonia and Gemmobacter are the hubs for modules.Those results valuable insights into the AAPB communities in TGR with low irradiation.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40232021,40176039 and 30170189)the National Key Basic Research and Development Program(Grant Nos.2001CB409700 and G2000078500).
文摘Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (AAPB) are characterized by the following physiological and ecological features. A mother AAPB cell can unusually divide into 3 daughter cells and looks like a 揧?during the division. AAPB cells sometimes adhere together forming a free-floating population. Most of the known AAPB species are obligately aerobic. Bacteriochlorophyll a (BChl a) is the only photosynthetic pigment in AAPB, and the number of BChl a molecules in an AAPB cell is much less than that in an anaerobic phototrophic bacterial cell, while the accessorial pigments carotenoids in AAPB are abundant in concentration and diverse in species. In addition to the common magnesium containing BChl a, a zinc-containing BChla was also seen in AAPB. AAPB have light harvesting complexⅠbut usually lack light harvesting complexⅡ. Although AAPB featur in photosynthesis, their growth is not necessarily light- dependent. There is a mechanism controlling the photosynthesis approach. AAPB are widely distributed in marine environments especially in oligotrophic oceans accounting for a substantial portion of the total biomass and playing a unique role in the cycle of carbon and other biogenic elements. Besides the contribution to primary production, AAPB also have great potentials in bioremediation of polluted environments. Studies on AAPB would be of great value in understanding the evolution of photosynthesis and the structure and function of marine ecosystems.
文摘Accurate quantification of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (AAPB) is of crucial importance for estimation of the role of AAPB in the carbon cycling in marine ecosystems. The normally used method 揺pifluo-rescence microscope-infrared photography (EFM-IRP)?is, however, subject to positive errors introduced by mis-taking cyanobacteria as AAPB due to the visibility of cyanobacteria under infrared photographic conditions for AAPB. This error could be up to 30% in the coast of the East China Sea. Such bias should be avoided by either subtracting cyanobacteira from the total infrared counts or using a flowcytometer equipped with specific detectors for discrimination between cyanobacteria and AAPB.
