【目的】探究黑龙江林蛙(Rana amurensis)热休克蛋白90α家族B类成员1(heat shock protein 90 alpha class B member 1,HSP90AB1)基因的序列特征,了解其组织表达特性和脂多糖(LPS)诱导下的表达变化。【方法】以黑龙江林蛙脾脏组织cDNA...【目的】探究黑龙江林蛙(Rana amurensis)热休克蛋白90α家族B类成员1(heat shock protein 90 alpha class B member 1,HSP90AB1)基因的序列特征,了解其组织表达特性和脂多糖(LPS)诱导下的表达变化。【方法】以黑龙江林蛙脾脏组织cDNA为模板,通过PCR扩增HSP90AB1基因完整编码区(CDS)序列,使用在线软件对其编码蛋白进行生物信息学分析;利用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting检测生理状态下HSP90AB1基因在黑龙江林蛙皮肤、肌肉、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏和胃等组织器官中的表达量,同时对LPS诱导下不同时间点HSP90AB1基因在不同组织器官的转录水平进行检测。【结果】黑龙江林蛙HSP90AB1基因CDS长2178 bp,共编码725个氨基酸。生物信息学分析显示,HSP90AB1蛋白不存在信号肽且无跨膜信号,属于非跨膜蛋白,存在62个潜在磷酸化位点(含33个丝氨酸、19个苏氨酸及10个酪氨酸位点),其二级结构以α-螺旋为主(占47.03%),其次为无规则卷曲(占39.59%)和延伸链(占13.38%)。系统进化树结果显示,黑龙江林蛙与欧洲林蛙亲缘关系最近。在生理状态下,HSP90AB1基因在黑龙江林蛙胃中表达量最高,且显著高于其他组织(P<0.05);在肌肉组织中表达量最低,且显著低于其他组织(P<0.05)。Western blotting结果显示,HSP90AB1蛋白在黑龙江林蛙胃中表达量最高;在心脏中表达量最低,且显著低于其他组织(P<0.05)。LPS诱导后,黑龙江林蛙各组织中HSP90AB1基因表达量随诱导时间延长而呈降低趋势,其中诱导72和96 h表达量均显著低于其他时间点(P<0.05);诱导12、72 h时脾脏中HSP90AB1基因表达量显著高于其他组织(P<0.05);24 h时肌肉和脾脏中HSP90AB1基因表达量显著高于其他组织(P<0.05)。【结论】本研究成功克隆了黑龙江林蛙HSP90AB1基因CDS区序列,并明确了其在不同组织中的表达规律,其中在胃中表达量最高,肌肉组织中表达量最低。LPS诱导可明显抑制HSP90AB1基因在黑龙江林蛙不同组织中的转录水平。本试验结果为深入探究HSP90AB1基因在林蛙生理及应激过程中的功能机制提供了理论依据。展开更多
热激蛋白90(heat shock protein 90,HSP90)是一类结构保守且在免疫过程中具有重要功能的蛋白质。此前已从厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)血清中鉴定到一种分泌型HSP90(Mc-HSP90-S)。为了解该蛋白质在贻贝先天免疫系统中的生物学功能,对Mc-H...热激蛋白90(heat shock protein 90,HSP90)是一类结构保守且在免疫过程中具有重要功能的蛋白质。此前已从厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)血清中鉴定到一种分泌型HSP90(Mc-HSP90-S)。为了解该蛋白质在贻贝先天免疫系统中的生物学功能,对Mc-HSP90-S开展了序列特征、表达模式、原核重组表达以及表达产物体外活性分析。结果表明,Mc-HSP90-S由797个氨基酸残基组成,理论分子量为91.68 kD,理论pI为4.89。Mc-HSP90-S在贻贝免疫相关组织中具有相对高表达,热胁迫和微生物胁迫均可显著上调Mc-HSP90-S的基因表达量(P<0.05)。重组Mc-HSP90-S蛋白在体外表现出明显的抑菌活性和选择性微生物凝集活性,其机制可能在于通过消耗ATP而对细菌生长产生抑制。此外,重组Mc-HSP90-S可显著上调贻贝免疫信号相关基因TLR4在鳃组织的相对表达量(P<0.05)。上述结果为深入了解分泌型HSP90在贻贝中的免疫和分子功能奠定了基础。展开更多
Purpose-Association of American railroads(AAR)standard automatic couplers are designed for much higher capacity than the normal operating loads.However,failure of knuckles and coupler bodies is still a common occurren...Purpose-Association of American railroads(AAR)standard automatic couplers are designed for much higher capacity than the normal operating loads.However,failure of knuckles and coupler bodies is still a common occurrence.Recent studies have shown that fatigue is the main reason behind such failures below the expected load.Moreover,knuckle failures occur more frequently than coupler body failures,which cause operational disruptions and also influence overall coupler life because of nonconforming contact between a new knuckle and an old coupler.In addition to new and old counterparts,undesired contact conditions are often the case with the new assembly due to casting-based manufacturing inaccuracies.Design/methodology/approach-A study is thus carried out in this paper to understand the variation of load transfer paths and its consequences caused by dimensional variability.A finite element model of an E-type coupler’s knuckle is developed and different possible contact conditions of the knuckle with the coupler head are simulated.Knuckles generally fail in pulling mode,during which the possible contacting elements of knuckle are pulling lugs,pin protector regions and pinholes.Due to dimensional variability,contact conditions may exist where an individual or a combination of these elements are in contact.Findings-Simulation results indicate that under regular operational conditions,having only the pulling lugs in contact reduces the risk of knuckle failure and maintains assembly integrity even if the knuckle fails.However,under extreme loading conditions,the safest scenario is when both pulling lugs and pin protector regions are in contact.Originality/value-These findings are believed to assist in defining the dimensional variability limits to ensure the desired contacts between the mating surfaces of the knuckle and coupler body of railway couplers of AAR type.This work contributes to understanding implications of dimensional variability in the railway couplers.The insight presented are useful in design,manufacturing and maintenance of railway coupler’s knuckle.展开更多
In recent years,the use of deep learning to replace traditional numerical methods for electromagnetic propagation has shown tremendous potential in the rapid design of photonic devices.However,most research on deep le...In recent years,the use of deep learning to replace traditional numerical methods for electromagnetic propagation has shown tremendous potential in the rapid design of photonic devices.However,most research on deep learning has focused on single-layer grating couplers,and the accuracy of multi-layer grating couplers has not yet reached a high level.This paper proposes and demonstrates a novel deep learning network-assisted strategy for inverse design.The network model is based on a multi-layer perceptron(MLP)and incorporates convolutional neural networks(CNNs)and transformers.Through the stacking of multiple layers,it achieves a high-precision design for both multi-layer and single-layer raster couplers with various functionalities.The deep learning network exhibits exceptionally high predictive accuracy,with an average absolute error across the full wavelength range of 1300–1700 nm being only 0.17%,and an even lower predictive absolute error below 0.09%at the specific wavelength of 1550 nm.By combining the deep learning network with the genetic algorithm,we can efficiently design grating couplers that perform different functions.Simulation results indicate that the designed single-wavelength grating couplers achieve coupling efficiencies exceeding 80%at central wavelengths of 1550 nm and 1310 nm.The performance of designed dual-wavelength and broadband grating couplers also reaches high industry standards.Furthermore,the network structure and inverse design method are highly scalable and can be applied not only to multi-layer grating couplers but also directly to the prediction and design of single-layer grating couplers,providing a new perspective for the innovative development of photonic devices.展开更多
肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)是全球常见的恶性肿瘤,其治疗策略多样,其中钇-90微球选择性内放射治疗(Yttrium-90 microsphere selective internal radiation therapy,^(90)Y-SIRT)作为一种重要的局部治疗方式,在HCC的综合管...肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)是全球常见的恶性肿瘤,其治疗策略多样,其中钇-90微球选择性内放射治疗(Yttrium-90 microsphere selective internal radiation therapy,^(90)Y-SIRT)作为一种重要的局部治疗方式,在HCC的综合管理中扮演着日益重要的角色。近年来,随着临床应用的深入,^(90)Y-SIRT在HCC治疗中积累了丰富的循证医学证据。在此背景下,美国国家综合癌症网络(National Comprehensive Cancer Network,NCCN)、欧洲肝脏学会(European Association for the Study of the Liver,EASL)、欧洲肿瘤内科学会(European Society for Medical Oncology,ESMO)、英国胃肠病学会(British Society of Gastroenterology,BSG)相继更新了HCC诊疗指南,并将^(90)Y-SIRT纳入治疗推荐体系。本文将以这些国际指南的推荐意见为核心,结合最新临床研究与临床实践经验,系统阐述^(90)Y-SIRT在HCC治疗中的应用价值。展开更多
文摘【目的】探究黑龙江林蛙(Rana amurensis)热休克蛋白90α家族B类成员1(heat shock protein 90 alpha class B member 1,HSP90AB1)基因的序列特征,了解其组织表达特性和脂多糖(LPS)诱导下的表达变化。【方法】以黑龙江林蛙脾脏组织cDNA为模板,通过PCR扩增HSP90AB1基因完整编码区(CDS)序列,使用在线软件对其编码蛋白进行生物信息学分析;利用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting检测生理状态下HSP90AB1基因在黑龙江林蛙皮肤、肌肉、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏和胃等组织器官中的表达量,同时对LPS诱导下不同时间点HSP90AB1基因在不同组织器官的转录水平进行检测。【结果】黑龙江林蛙HSP90AB1基因CDS长2178 bp,共编码725个氨基酸。生物信息学分析显示,HSP90AB1蛋白不存在信号肽且无跨膜信号,属于非跨膜蛋白,存在62个潜在磷酸化位点(含33个丝氨酸、19个苏氨酸及10个酪氨酸位点),其二级结构以α-螺旋为主(占47.03%),其次为无规则卷曲(占39.59%)和延伸链(占13.38%)。系统进化树结果显示,黑龙江林蛙与欧洲林蛙亲缘关系最近。在生理状态下,HSP90AB1基因在黑龙江林蛙胃中表达量最高,且显著高于其他组织(P<0.05);在肌肉组织中表达量最低,且显著低于其他组织(P<0.05)。Western blotting结果显示,HSP90AB1蛋白在黑龙江林蛙胃中表达量最高;在心脏中表达量最低,且显著低于其他组织(P<0.05)。LPS诱导后,黑龙江林蛙各组织中HSP90AB1基因表达量随诱导时间延长而呈降低趋势,其中诱导72和96 h表达量均显著低于其他时间点(P<0.05);诱导12、72 h时脾脏中HSP90AB1基因表达量显著高于其他组织(P<0.05);24 h时肌肉和脾脏中HSP90AB1基因表达量显著高于其他组织(P<0.05)。【结论】本研究成功克隆了黑龙江林蛙HSP90AB1基因CDS区序列,并明确了其在不同组织中的表达规律,其中在胃中表达量最高,肌肉组织中表达量最低。LPS诱导可明显抑制HSP90AB1基因在黑龙江林蛙不同组织中的转录水平。本试验结果为深入探究HSP90AB1基因在林蛙生理及应激过程中的功能机制提供了理论依据。
文摘Purpose-Association of American railroads(AAR)standard automatic couplers are designed for much higher capacity than the normal operating loads.However,failure of knuckles and coupler bodies is still a common occurrence.Recent studies have shown that fatigue is the main reason behind such failures below the expected load.Moreover,knuckle failures occur more frequently than coupler body failures,which cause operational disruptions and also influence overall coupler life because of nonconforming contact between a new knuckle and an old coupler.In addition to new and old counterparts,undesired contact conditions are often the case with the new assembly due to casting-based manufacturing inaccuracies.Design/methodology/approach-A study is thus carried out in this paper to understand the variation of load transfer paths and its consequences caused by dimensional variability.A finite element model of an E-type coupler’s knuckle is developed and different possible contact conditions of the knuckle with the coupler head are simulated.Knuckles generally fail in pulling mode,during which the possible contacting elements of knuckle are pulling lugs,pin protector regions and pinholes.Due to dimensional variability,contact conditions may exist where an individual or a combination of these elements are in contact.Findings-Simulation results indicate that under regular operational conditions,having only the pulling lugs in contact reduces the risk of knuckle failure and maintains assembly integrity even if the knuckle fails.However,under extreme loading conditions,the safest scenario is when both pulling lugs and pin protector regions are in contact.Originality/value-These findings are believed to assist in defining the dimensional variability limits to ensure the desired contacts between the mating surfaces of the knuckle and coupler body of railway couplers of AAR type.This work contributes to understanding implications of dimensional variability in the railway couplers.The insight presented are useful in design,manufacturing and maintenance of railway coupler’s knuckle.
基金sponsored by the National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Projects of China(Grant No.62027823)the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grant No.61775048).
文摘In recent years,the use of deep learning to replace traditional numerical methods for electromagnetic propagation has shown tremendous potential in the rapid design of photonic devices.However,most research on deep learning has focused on single-layer grating couplers,and the accuracy of multi-layer grating couplers has not yet reached a high level.This paper proposes and demonstrates a novel deep learning network-assisted strategy for inverse design.The network model is based on a multi-layer perceptron(MLP)and incorporates convolutional neural networks(CNNs)and transformers.Through the stacking of multiple layers,it achieves a high-precision design for both multi-layer and single-layer raster couplers with various functionalities.The deep learning network exhibits exceptionally high predictive accuracy,with an average absolute error across the full wavelength range of 1300–1700 nm being only 0.17%,and an even lower predictive absolute error below 0.09%at the specific wavelength of 1550 nm.By combining the deep learning network with the genetic algorithm,we can efficiently design grating couplers that perform different functions.Simulation results indicate that the designed single-wavelength grating couplers achieve coupling efficiencies exceeding 80%at central wavelengths of 1550 nm and 1310 nm.The performance of designed dual-wavelength and broadband grating couplers also reaches high industry standards.Furthermore,the network structure and inverse design method are highly scalable and can be applied not only to multi-layer grating couplers but also directly to the prediction and design of single-layer grating couplers,providing a new perspective for the innovative development of photonic devices.
文摘肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)是全球常见的恶性肿瘤,其治疗策略多样,其中钇-90微球选择性内放射治疗(Yttrium-90 microsphere selective internal radiation therapy,^(90)Y-SIRT)作为一种重要的局部治疗方式,在HCC的综合管理中扮演着日益重要的角色。近年来,随着临床应用的深入,^(90)Y-SIRT在HCC治疗中积累了丰富的循证医学证据。在此背景下,美国国家综合癌症网络(National Comprehensive Cancer Network,NCCN)、欧洲肝脏学会(European Association for the Study of the Liver,EASL)、欧洲肿瘤内科学会(European Society for Medical Oncology,ESMO)、英国胃肠病学会(British Society of Gastroenterology,BSG)相继更新了HCC诊疗指南,并将^(90)Y-SIRT纳入治疗推荐体系。本文将以这些国际指南的推荐意见为核心,结合最新临床研究与临床实践经验,系统阐述^(90)Y-SIRT在HCC治疗中的应用价值。
