With the exponential growth of mobile terminals and the widespread adoption of Internet of Things(IoT)technologies,an increasing number of devices rely on wireless local area networks(WLAN)for data transmission.To add...With the exponential growth of mobile terminals and the widespread adoption of Internet of Things(IoT)technologies,an increasing number of devices rely on wireless local area networks(WLAN)for data transmission.To address this demand,deploying more access points(APs)has become an inevitable trend.While this approach enhances network coverage and capacity,it also exacerbates co-channel interference(CCI).The multi-AP cooperation introduced in IEEE 802.11be(Wi-Fi 7)represents a paradigm shift from conventional single-AP architectures,offering a novel solution to CCI through joint resource scheduling across APs.However,designing efficient cooperation mechanisms and achieving optimal resource allocation in dense AP environment remain critical research challenges.To mitigate CCI in high-density WLANs,this paper proposes a radio resource allocation method based on 802.11be multi-AP cooperation.First,to reduce the network overhead associated with centralized AP management,we introduce a distributed interference-aware AP clustering method that groups APs into cooperative sets.Second,methods for multi-AP cooperation information exchange,and cooperation transmission processes are designed.To support network state collection,capability advertisement,and cooperative trigger execution at the protocol level,this paper enhances the 802.11 frame structure with dedicated fields for multi-AP cooperation.Finally,considering the mutual influence between power and channel allocation,this paper proposes a joint radio resource allocation algorithm that employs an enhanced genetic algorithm for resource unit(RU)allocation and Q-learning for power control,interconnected via an inner-outer dual-loop architecture.Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed CCI avoidance mechanism and radio resource allocation algorithm in enhancing throughput in dense WLAN scenarios.展开更多
Wi-Fi technology has evolved significantly since its introduction in 1997,advancing to Wi-Fi 6 as the latest standard,with Wi-Fi 7 currently under development.Despite these advancements,integrating machine learning in...Wi-Fi technology has evolved significantly since its introduction in 1997,advancing to Wi-Fi 6 as the latest standard,with Wi-Fi 7 currently under development.Despite these advancements,integrating machine learning into Wi-Fi networks remains challenging,especially in decentralized environments with multiple access points(mAPs).This paper is a short review that summarizes the potential applications of federated reinforcement learning(FRL)across eight key areas of Wi-Fi functionality,including channel access,link adaptation,beamforming,multi-user transmissions,channel bonding,multi-link operation,spatial reuse,and multi-basic servic set(multi-BSS)coordination.FRL is highlighted as a promising framework for enabling decentralized training and decision-making while preserving data privacy.To illustrate its role in practice,we present a case study on link activation in a multi-link operation(MLO)environment with multiple APs.Through theoretical discussion and simulation results,the study demonstrates how FRL can improve performance and reliability,paving the way for more adaptive and collaborative Wi-Fi networks in the era of Wi-Fi 7 and beyond.展开更多
针对IEEE 802.11p标准中导频数量有限,难以准确追踪车联万物(Vehicle-to-Everything,V2X)通信中时变信道的问题,学者们研究了数据导频辅助(Data Pilot Aided,DPA)信道估计方案。然而,这些经典DPA方案不能在完整的信噪比(Signal to Noise...针对IEEE 802.11p标准中导频数量有限,难以准确追踪车联万物(Vehicle-to-Everything,V2X)通信中时变信道的问题,学者们研究了数据导频辅助(Data Pilot Aided,DPA)信道估计方案。然而,这些经典DPA方案不能在完整的信噪比(Signal to Noise Ratio,SNR)范围内给出令人满意的效果,并且其估计结果的可靠性易受误差传播的影响。研究了一种新的信道估计方案,基于使用虚拟子载波的最小均方误差(Minimum Mean Square Error Using Virtual Pilots,MMSE-VP)方案,提出一种带有时间平均操作的改进MMSE(Improved MMSE,IMMSE)方案。IMMSE方案通过利用相邻正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)符号间信道的相关性来提高MMSE-VP方案在低SNR区域的性能,达到在整个SNR区域有良好表现的目的。联合深度学习技术,采用全连接神经网络(Fully Connected Neural Network,FCNN)作为IMMSE方案的非线性后处理模块,减少误差并获得更好的估计性能。在不同实验条件下的仿真结果表明,提出的信道估计方案可以适应调制方式和车辆速度的变化,能有效应对V2X通信中的信道估计问题。展开更多
下一代无线局域网(wireless local area network,WLAN)IEEE 802.11be将超高吞吐量(extremely high throughput,EHT)作为其核心技术目标,其中多频段能力和AP协作技术被视为其关键技术。然而,现有正交频分多址接入(orthogonal frequency d...下一代无线局域网(wireless local area network,WLAN)IEEE 802.11be将超高吞吐量(extremely high throughput,EHT)作为其核心技术目标,其中多频段能力和AP协作技术被视为其关键技术。然而,现有正交频分多址接入(orthogonal frequency division multiple access,OFDMA)协议的研究并没有考虑IEEE 802.11be的多频段能力和接入点(access point,AP)协作技术,因此对于系统性能的提升是有限的,无法达到技术要求。尤其在重叠覆盖区域内节点有大批量业务的情况下,提升重叠覆盖区域内节点吞吐量显得更为重要。为了提升重叠覆盖节点的吞吐量,提出一种关联多小区的空间聚集群组OFDMA协议。利用多频段能力,允许重叠覆盖区域内的节点同时关联到多个小区,即多关联。利用AP协作技术,允许节点在多个小区上执行并行退避以提升接入效率。重叠覆盖区域内的节点关联到多个小区的信道进行并行退避,完成退避并成功接入信道的节点触发与其空间位置接近的节点形成空间聚集群组,采用OFDMA的方式接入与传输,从而增加重叠覆盖节点的接入机会,进而提升重叠覆盖节点的吞吐量。仿真结果表明,提出关联多个小区的SCG-OFDMA协议在关联2个小区的场景下,重叠覆盖节点吞吐量高于IEEE 802.11ax协议353.41%,高于OMAX协议558.33%。展开更多
This study introduces the Smart Exponential-Threshold-Linear with Double Deep Q-learning Network(SETL-DDQN)and an extended Gumbel distribution method,designed to optimize the Contention Window(CW)in IEEE 802.11 networ...This study introduces the Smart Exponential-Threshold-Linear with Double Deep Q-learning Network(SETL-DDQN)and an extended Gumbel distribution method,designed to optimize the Contention Window(CW)in IEEE 802.11 networks.Unlike conventional Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)-based approaches for CW size adjustment,which often suffer from overestimation bias and limited exploration diversity,leading to suboptimal throughput and collision performance.Our framework integrates the Gumbel distribution and extreme value theory to systematically enhance action selection under varying network conditions.First,SETL adopts a DDQN architecture(SETL-DDQN)to improve Q-value estimation accuracy and enhance training stability.Second,we incorporate a Gumbel distribution-driven exploration mechanism,forming SETL-DDQN(Gumbel),which employs the extreme value theory to promote diverse action selection,replacing the conventional-greedy exploration that undergoes early convergence to suboptimal solutions.Both models are evaluated through extensive simulations in static and time-varying IEEE 802.11 network scenarios.The results demonstrate that our approach consistently achieves higher throughput,lower collision rates,and improved adaptability,even under abrupt fluctuations in traffic load and network conditions.In particular,the Gumbel-based mechanism enhances the balance between exploration and exploitation,facilitating faster adaptation to varying congestion levels.These findings position Gumbel-enhanced DRL as an effective and robust solution for CW optimization in wireless networks,offering notable gains in efficiency and reliability over existing methods.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62201074),Reliable Mechanism for Edge Collaboration Service in Highly Dynamic Scenarios.
文摘With the exponential growth of mobile terminals and the widespread adoption of Internet of Things(IoT)technologies,an increasing number of devices rely on wireless local area networks(WLAN)for data transmission.To address this demand,deploying more access points(APs)has become an inevitable trend.While this approach enhances network coverage and capacity,it also exacerbates co-channel interference(CCI).The multi-AP cooperation introduced in IEEE 802.11be(Wi-Fi 7)represents a paradigm shift from conventional single-AP architectures,offering a novel solution to CCI through joint resource scheduling across APs.However,designing efficient cooperation mechanisms and achieving optimal resource allocation in dense AP environment remain critical research challenges.To mitigate CCI in high-density WLANs,this paper proposes a radio resource allocation method based on 802.11be multi-AP cooperation.First,to reduce the network overhead associated with centralized AP management,we introduce a distributed interference-aware AP clustering method that groups APs into cooperative sets.Second,methods for multi-AP cooperation information exchange,and cooperation transmission processes are designed.To support network state collection,capability advertisement,and cooperative trigger execution at the protocol level,this paper enhances the 802.11 frame structure with dedicated fields for multi-AP cooperation.Finally,considering the mutual influence between power and channel allocation,this paper proposes a joint radio resource allocation algorithm that employs an enhanced genetic algorithm for resource unit(RU)allocation and Q-learning for power control,interconnected via an inner-outer dual-loop architecture.Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed CCI avoidance mechanism and radio resource allocation algorithm in enhancing throughput in dense WLAN scenarios.
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR)at King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah,Saudi Arabia,grant number RG-2-611-42(A.O.A.).
文摘Wi-Fi technology has evolved significantly since its introduction in 1997,advancing to Wi-Fi 6 as the latest standard,with Wi-Fi 7 currently under development.Despite these advancements,integrating machine learning into Wi-Fi networks remains challenging,especially in decentralized environments with multiple access points(mAPs).This paper is a short review that summarizes the potential applications of federated reinforcement learning(FRL)across eight key areas of Wi-Fi functionality,including channel access,link adaptation,beamforming,multi-user transmissions,channel bonding,multi-link operation,spatial reuse,and multi-basic servic set(multi-BSS)coordination.FRL is highlighted as a promising framework for enabling decentralized training and decision-making while preserving data privacy.To illustrate its role in practice,we present a case study on link activation in a multi-link operation(MLO)environment with multiple APs.Through theoretical discussion and simulation results,the study demonstrates how FRL can improve performance and reliability,paving the way for more adaptive and collaborative Wi-Fi networks in the era of Wi-Fi 7 and beyond.
文摘针对IEEE 802.11p标准中导频数量有限,难以准确追踪车联万物(Vehicle-to-Everything,V2X)通信中时变信道的问题,学者们研究了数据导频辅助(Data Pilot Aided,DPA)信道估计方案。然而,这些经典DPA方案不能在完整的信噪比(Signal to Noise Ratio,SNR)范围内给出令人满意的效果,并且其估计结果的可靠性易受误差传播的影响。研究了一种新的信道估计方案,基于使用虚拟子载波的最小均方误差(Minimum Mean Square Error Using Virtual Pilots,MMSE-VP)方案,提出一种带有时间平均操作的改进MMSE(Improved MMSE,IMMSE)方案。IMMSE方案通过利用相邻正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)符号间信道的相关性来提高MMSE-VP方案在低SNR区域的性能,达到在整个SNR区域有良好表现的目的。联合深度学习技术,采用全连接神经网络(Fully Connected Neural Network,FCNN)作为IMMSE方案的非线性后处理模块,减少误差并获得更好的估计性能。在不同实验条件下的仿真结果表明,提出的信道估计方案可以适应调制方式和车辆速度的变化,能有效应对V2X通信中的信道估计问题。
文摘下一代无线局域网(wireless local area network,WLAN)IEEE 802.11be将超高吞吐量(extremely high throughput,EHT)作为其核心技术目标,其中多频段能力和AP协作技术被视为其关键技术。然而,现有正交频分多址接入(orthogonal frequency division multiple access,OFDMA)协议的研究并没有考虑IEEE 802.11be的多频段能力和接入点(access point,AP)协作技术,因此对于系统性能的提升是有限的,无法达到技术要求。尤其在重叠覆盖区域内节点有大批量业务的情况下,提升重叠覆盖区域内节点吞吐量显得更为重要。为了提升重叠覆盖节点的吞吐量,提出一种关联多小区的空间聚集群组OFDMA协议。利用多频段能力,允许重叠覆盖区域内的节点同时关联到多个小区,即多关联。利用AP协作技术,允许节点在多个小区上执行并行退避以提升接入效率。重叠覆盖区域内的节点关联到多个小区的信道进行并行退避,完成退避并成功接入信道的节点触发与其空间位置接近的节点形成空间聚集群组,采用OFDMA的方式接入与传输,从而增加重叠覆盖节点的接入机会,进而提升重叠覆盖节点的吞吐量。仿真结果表明,提出关联多个小区的SCG-OFDMA协议在关联2个小区的场景下,重叠覆盖节点吞吐量高于IEEE 802.11ax协议353.41%,高于OMAX协议558.33%。
文摘This study introduces the Smart Exponential-Threshold-Linear with Double Deep Q-learning Network(SETL-DDQN)and an extended Gumbel distribution method,designed to optimize the Contention Window(CW)in IEEE 802.11 networks.Unlike conventional Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)-based approaches for CW size adjustment,which often suffer from overestimation bias and limited exploration diversity,leading to suboptimal throughput and collision performance.Our framework integrates the Gumbel distribution and extreme value theory to systematically enhance action selection under varying network conditions.First,SETL adopts a DDQN architecture(SETL-DDQN)to improve Q-value estimation accuracy and enhance training stability.Second,we incorporate a Gumbel distribution-driven exploration mechanism,forming SETL-DDQN(Gumbel),which employs the extreme value theory to promote diverse action selection,replacing the conventional-greedy exploration that undergoes early convergence to suboptimal solutions.Both models are evaluated through extensive simulations in static and time-varying IEEE 802.11 network scenarios.The results demonstrate that our approach consistently achieves higher throughput,lower collision rates,and improved adaptability,even under abrupt fluctuations in traffic load and network conditions.In particular,the Gumbel-based mechanism enhances the balance between exploration and exploitation,facilitating faster adaptation to varying congestion levels.These findings position Gumbel-enhanced DRL as an effective and robust solution for CW optimization in wireless networks,offering notable gains in efficiency and reliability over existing methods.
