The advent of sixth-generation(6G)networks introduces unprecedented challenges in achieving seamless connectivity,ultra-low latency,and efficient resource management in highly dynamic environments.Although fifth-gener...The advent of sixth-generation(6G)networks introduces unprecedented challenges in achieving seamless connectivity,ultra-low latency,and efficient resource management in highly dynamic environments.Although fifth-generation(5G)networks transformed mobile broadband and machine-type communications at massive scales,their properties of scaling,interference management,and latency remain a limitation in dense high mobility settings.To overcome these limitations,artificial intelligence(AI)and unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have emerged as potential solutions to develop versatile,dynamic,and energy-efficient communication systems.The study proposes an AI-based UAV architecture that utilizes cooperative reinforcement learning(CoRL)to manage an autonomous network.The UAVs collaborate by sharing local observations and real-time state exchanges to optimize user connectivity,movement directions,allocate power,and resource distribution.Unlike conventional centralized or autonomous methods,CoRL involves joint state sharing and conflict-sensitive reward shaping,which ensures fair coverage,less interference,and enhanced adaptability in a dynamic urban environment.Simulations conducted in smart city scenarios with 10 UAVs and 50 ground users demonstrate that the proposed CoRL-based UAV system increases user coverage by up to 10%,achieves convergence 40%faster,and reduces latency and energy consumption by 30%compared with centralized and decentralized baselines.Furthermore,the distributed nature of the algorithm ensures scalability and flexibility,making it well-suited for future large-scale 6G deployments.The results highlighted that AI-enabled UAV systems enhance connectivity,support ultra-reliable low-latency communications(URLLC),and improve 6G network efficiency.Future work will extend the framework with adaptive modulation,beamforming-aware positioning,and real-world testbed deployment.展开更多
目的:分析二肽基肽酶样蛋白-6(dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein 6,DPPX)抗体相关脑炎患者的临床特征。方法:对2016年1月—2025年2月南京医科大学附属脑科医院就诊的5例DPPX抗体相关脑炎患者的临床特点、脑电图、磁共振成像(magnetic ...目的:分析二肽基肽酶样蛋白-6(dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein 6,DPPX)抗体相关脑炎患者的临床特征。方法:对2016年1月—2025年2月南京医科大学附属脑科医院就诊的5例DPPX抗体相关脑炎患者的临床特点、脑电图、磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)及预后进行回顾性研究。结果:5例均为男性,年龄14~56岁。5例患者血清DPPX抗体均为阳性,滴度1∶100~1∶10,其中1例合并血清接触蛋白关联蛋白2(contactin-associated protein-like 2,CASPR2)抗体阳性,4例脑脊液DPPX抗体阴性,1例滴度1∶1。2例患者以行为异常起病,1例以癫痫发作起病,1例以记忆力减退起病,1例合并CASPR2抗体阳性患者以多部位游走性肌阵挛起病。4例患者头颅MRI正常,1例头颅MRI提示双侧颞叶异常信号。以癫痫发作起病的患者脑电图背景重度异常合并左前颞尖波、尖慢波频发。结论:DPPX抗体相关脑炎临床表现具有异质性,早期诊断与鉴别困难,免疫治疗有效,易复发。展开更多
目的探讨CMTM6、PD-L1在子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EM)中的表达及意义。方法收集50例EM患者腹腔镜下手术切除的卵巢异位子宫内膜组织、刮除的在位子宫内膜组织(实验组)以及30例非EM患者刮除的在位子宫内膜组织(对照组),采用免疫组...目的探讨CMTM6、PD-L1在子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EM)中的表达及意义。方法收集50例EM患者腹腔镜下手术切除的卵巢异位子宫内膜组织、刮除的在位子宫内膜组织(实验组)以及30例非EM患者刮除的在位子宫内膜组织(对照组),采用免疫组化法检测CMTM6、PD-L1的表达水平。收集实验组相关临床病理资料,包括患者年龄、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)、病灶大小、血清CA-125浓度及rAFS评分等,采用Spearman系数法分析CMTM6、PD-L1的表达与上述病理参数的相关性。培养人EM上皮细胞系12Z,采用Western blot及免疫蛋白共沉淀法检测CMTM6、PD-L1的表达水平及相互作用。结果CMTM6、PD-L1在EM患者中高表达,EM患者异位、在位子宫内膜中的表达水平高于非EM患者在位子宫内膜组织(P<0.05),CMTM6、PD-L1表达共同定位于异位、在位子宫内膜组织上皮细胞质、细胞膜中,且两种蛋白表达呈正相关(P<0.05)。患者年龄、BMI、病灶大小、血清CA-125浓度及rAFS评分与CMTM6、PD-L1的表达呈正相关(P<0.01)。CMTM6、PD-L1蛋白在12Z中表达,且CMTM6和PD-L能够相互结合。结论CMTM6、PD-L1在EM患者中高表达,CMTM6、PDL1的表达水平与EM病变严重程度相关,CMTM6、PD-L1在EM中能相互结合共同参与EM的发生、发展,CMTM6、PD-L1或可成为EM的潜在生物学标志物,为EM的临床诊治提供新靶点。展开更多
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(RS-2025-00559546)supported by the IITP(Institute of Information&Coummunications Technology Planning&Evaluation)-ITRC(Information Technology Research Center)grant funded by the Korea government(Ministry of Science and ICT)(IITP-2025-RS-2023-00259004).
文摘The advent of sixth-generation(6G)networks introduces unprecedented challenges in achieving seamless connectivity,ultra-low latency,and efficient resource management in highly dynamic environments.Although fifth-generation(5G)networks transformed mobile broadband and machine-type communications at massive scales,their properties of scaling,interference management,and latency remain a limitation in dense high mobility settings.To overcome these limitations,artificial intelligence(AI)and unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have emerged as potential solutions to develop versatile,dynamic,and energy-efficient communication systems.The study proposes an AI-based UAV architecture that utilizes cooperative reinforcement learning(CoRL)to manage an autonomous network.The UAVs collaborate by sharing local observations and real-time state exchanges to optimize user connectivity,movement directions,allocate power,and resource distribution.Unlike conventional centralized or autonomous methods,CoRL involves joint state sharing and conflict-sensitive reward shaping,which ensures fair coverage,less interference,and enhanced adaptability in a dynamic urban environment.Simulations conducted in smart city scenarios with 10 UAVs and 50 ground users demonstrate that the proposed CoRL-based UAV system increases user coverage by up to 10%,achieves convergence 40%faster,and reduces latency and energy consumption by 30%compared with centralized and decentralized baselines.Furthermore,the distributed nature of the algorithm ensures scalability and flexibility,making it well-suited for future large-scale 6G deployments.The results highlighted that AI-enabled UAV systems enhance connectivity,support ultra-reliable low-latency communications(URLLC),and improve 6G network efficiency.Future work will extend the framework with adaptive modulation,beamforming-aware positioning,and real-world testbed deployment.
文摘目的探讨CMTM6、PD-L1在子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EM)中的表达及意义。方法收集50例EM患者腹腔镜下手术切除的卵巢异位子宫内膜组织、刮除的在位子宫内膜组织(实验组)以及30例非EM患者刮除的在位子宫内膜组织(对照组),采用免疫组化法检测CMTM6、PD-L1的表达水平。收集实验组相关临床病理资料,包括患者年龄、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)、病灶大小、血清CA-125浓度及rAFS评分等,采用Spearman系数法分析CMTM6、PD-L1的表达与上述病理参数的相关性。培养人EM上皮细胞系12Z,采用Western blot及免疫蛋白共沉淀法检测CMTM6、PD-L1的表达水平及相互作用。结果CMTM6、PD-L1在EM患者中高表达,EM患者异位、在位子宫内膜中的表达水平高于非EM患者在位子宫内膜组织(P<0.05),CMTM6、PD-L1表达共同定位于异位、在位子宫内膜组织上皮细胞质、细胞膜中,且两种蛋白表达呈正相关(P<0.05)。患者年龄、BMI、病灶大小、血清CA-125浓度及rAFS评分与CMTM6、PD-L1的表达呈正相关(P<0.01)。CMTM6、PD-L1蛋白在12Z中表达,且CMTM6和PD-L能够相互结合。结论CMTM6、PD-L1在EM患者中高表达,CMTM6、PDL1的表达水平与EM病变严重程度相关,CMTM6、PD-L1在EM中能相互结合共同参与EM的发生、发展,CMTM6、PD-L1或可成为EM的潜在生物学标志物,为EM的临床诊治提供新靶点。
