Globally, traditional power systems are rapidly transforming towards the adoption of smart grid platforms. Substations which are at the center of the electric power transformation from the power plant are changing to ...Globally, traditional power systems are rapidly transforming towards the adoption of smart grid platforms. Substations which are at the center of the electric power transformation from the power plant are changing to IEC 61850 based digital substations. Therefore, within substation, there is a growing demand for the IEC 61850 based Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). The operation of multiple manufacturers of IEDs in a single digital substation network increases the need for IEC 61850 communications specification conformance diagnosis to ensure interoperability for efficient data exchange between IEDs. The IEC 61850-10 presents test items for diagnosing communication specification conformance. There are many test tools available in the market today to test the compliance of the IEC 61850 communications specifications to the IED. In this paper, we propose a model-based diagnostic method for IED communication conformance testing. The proposed model-based software therefore uses the “drag and drop” technique to select the various IEC 61850 communication services (objects) required to design the test case in a user friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI). This makes the service conformance testing more flexible for test engineers and system integrators especially in situations that require test case modifications. Also, the proposed software tool makes it easy to understand the various IEC 61850 services using the friendly GUI.展开更多
CAB is a binder commonly utilized in CL-20-based mixed explosives.Based on the requirements of CL-20-based polymer bonded explosives in formability,safety,and detonation energy,we explored a hightoughness and low dosa...CAB is a binder commonly utilized in CL-20-based mixed explosives.Based on the requirements of CL-20-based polymer bonded explosives in formability,safety,and detonation energy,we explored a hightoughness and low dosage CAB binder system.CAB was subjected to different toughening modifications and the effects of the modified CAB binders on the bonding and coating of CL-20 crystals,as well as the formability,safety,and mechanical properties of CL-20-based polymer bonded explosive molding powder(MP)were evaluated.The changes in glass transition temperature(Tg)and mechanical properties of the modified binders were investigated using the molecular dynamics simulation at first.A series of modified binders with different molecular weights were then synthesized and characterized by FTIR,1H NMR,^(13)C NMR and SEC.The T_(g) and cross-sectional morphologies of the binder membranes were determined by DSC and SEM.The tensile properties of the binder membranes with different molecular weights and their mixtures with the plasticizer were evaluated at different temperature.With the optimized modified binder,CL-20/CAB and CL-20/CAB-g-PCL-3 MPs with the same plasticizer ratio and Cl-20/CAB-g-PCL-3 MP with a lower plasticizer ratio and higher CL-20 content were prepared and evaluated for the bonding and coating effects,crystal form,mechanical sensitivity and specific heat capacity(C_(p))by SEM,XRD,sensitivity testing and DSC,respectively.Their compressive strengths and splitting tensile strengths were measured at different temperature using a universal testing machine.Our work has provided a high-toughness and low-dosage binder system for CL-20-based MPs and offers a novel strategy to improve the formability,safety,and energy of CL-20 based polymer bonded explosives.展开更多
Development of polymers with underwater self-healing and antifouling properties is crucial,particularly in harsh marine environments.In this study,polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)-based antifouling polymers with tunable sel...Development of polymers with underwater self-healing and antifouling properties is crucial,particularly in harsh marine environments.In this study,polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)-based antifouling polymers with tunable self-healing capabilities in aqueous conditions were fabricated by incorporating amphiphilic segments and Fe^(3+)-catechol dynamic coordination crosslinking.The microphase formed within the PDMS matrix imparted static antifouling properties to the coatings.The mechanical properties of the damaged sample were restored at room temperature in an aqueous environment for 24 h,achieving a self-healing efficiency of almost 100%.The synthesized material exploited the dynamic coordination between Fe^(3+) and catechol to facilitate underwater self-healing.No bacterial adhesion was observed at the scratch site after the coating was repaired.This material enables the long-term antifouling and autonomous repair of marine vessels and sensors,thereby reducing maintenance costs.展开更多
The impact safety of explosive charges has been focused in these decades. The fragment impact is widely used to evaluate the response of explosive charges. In our work, the explosive detonation driving technique was u...The impact safety of explosive charges has been focused in these decades. The fragment impact is widely used to evaluate the response of explosive charges. In our work, the explosive detonation driving technique was used to generate a high velocity fragment with large mass. When the fragment masses are10 g, 16 g, 25 g, and 50 g, the highest velocity of fragments can reach 2400 m/s, 2100 m/s, 1900 m/s, and1400 m/s, respectively. The high velocity fragment with large mass was used to evaluate the safety of two kinds of CL-20 based explosive charges. The effects of the fragment mass and velocity were analyzed.Especially, the reaction extent was obtained based on visible phenomenon. The CL-20-based explosive charge containing Al had a higher safety level than that without Al. It was because Al had good ductility,and further improved the mechanical property of the material. Also, the numerical simulation was conducted to understand the reaction characteristics of the CL-20-based explosive charge. The results showed that as the fragment mass and velocity increased, the reaction became more violent.展开更多
Silicon suboxide(SiO_(x),0<x<2)is an appealing anode material to replace traditional graphite owing to its much higher theoretical specific capacity enabling higher-energy-density lithium batteries.Nevertheless,...Silicon suboxide(SiO_(x),0<x<2)is an appealing anode material to replace traditional graphite owing to its much higher theoretical specific capacity enabling higher-energy-density lithium batteries.Nevertheless,the huge volume change and rapid capacity decay of SiO_(x)electrodes during cycling pose huge challenges to their large-scale practical applications.To eliminate this bottleneck,a dragonfly wing microstructure-inspired polymer electrolyte(denoted as PPM-PE)is developed based on in-situ polymerization of bicyclic phosphate ester-and urethane motif-containing monomer and methyl methacrylate in traditional liquid electrolyte.PPM-PE delivers excellent mechanical properties,highly correlated with the formation of a micro-phase separation structure similar with dragonfly wings.By virtue of superior mechanical properties and the in-situ solidified preparation method,PPM-PE can form a 3D polymer network buffer against stress within the electrode particles gap,enabling much suppressed electrode volume expansion and more stabilized solid electrolyte interface along with evidently decreased electrolyte decomposition.Resultantly,PPM-PE shows significant improvements in both cycling and rate performance in button and soft package batteries with SiO_(x)-based electrodes,compared with the liquid electrolyte counterpart.Such a dragonfly wing microstructure-inspired design philosophy of in-situ solidified polymer electrolytes helps facilitate the practical implementation of high-energy lithium batteries with SiO_(x)-based anodes.展开更多
The new CL-20(hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane)type aluminized explosives in the overdrive detonation(ODD)conditions of the core problem is how to accurately represent the state of the overdrive detonation products.To th...The new CL-20(hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane)type aluminized explosives in the overdrive detonation(ODD)conditions of the core problem is how to accurately represent the state of the overdrive detonation products.To this end,this paper is based on the impedance matching method to test the ODD conditions of CL-20 type aluminium explosive particle velocity.Calculated the interfacial pressure of the shock wave in different media.Determined the characteristic parameters of the reaction zone of the detonation of CL-20 aluminized explosives.Calibrated the parameters of the JoneseWilkinseLee(JWL)+γ equation for the detonation products(DPs).Revealed the effect of different DPs equation of state(EOS)on the Hugoniot pressure of ODD.The results indicate that when the content of aluminum powder ranges from 0%to 30%,the duration of the ODD reaction zone and the width of the detonation reaction zone of the CL-20-based aluminized explosive are directly proportional to the content of aluminum powder.The width of the detonation reaction zone is increased by 1.97 times to 2.7 times compared to that of the reaction zone without the addition of aluminum powder.However,the energy release efficiency of the detonation reaction zone is inversely proportional to the content of aluminum powder.When the aluminum powder content was held constant,the incorporation of AP caused a 25%reduction in the energy release efficiency of the detonation reaction zone.Compared with existing ODD state equations,the JWL +γ equation is superior in calibrating overpressure Hugoniot data and the isentropic expansion in the C-J state.The deviation between calculated pressure results and experimental measurements is within 6%.展开更多
A unique discontinuous lamellar microstructure of titanium alloys consisting of lamellar colonies at prior β-Ti grain boundaries and internal interwoven α-laths is prepared by a TiH_(2)-based powder metallurgy metho...A unique discontinuous lamellar microstructure of titanium alloys consisting of lamellar colonies at prior β-Ti grain boundaries and internal interwoven α-laths is prepared by a TiH_(2)-based powder metallurgy method.The α-variants get various crystallographic orientations and become discontinuous during vacuum annealing at 700℃.Remarkably,nanoscale phase δ-TiH compound layers are generated between α-laths and β-strips,so that dislocations are piled up at the α/δ/βinterfaces during tensile deformation.This leads to dislocation slips being confined to individual α-laths,with differentslips and particularly pyramidal<c+a>slips being activated.The efficiency of wavy slip is promoted and the work hardening rate is enhanced.Finally,the combined effect of dispersed micro-shear bands and lath distortions is considered contributive for alleviating the stress concentration at grain boundaries,resulting in a high-promising synergy of enhanced ultimate tensile strength of 1080 MPa and good elongation to fracture of 13.6%.展开更多
Dear Editor,Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO),or Graves’ophthalmopathy(GO),is a complex autoimmune condition characterized by eye symptoms such as proptosis,lid retraction,and periorbital swelling,often associat...Dear Editor,Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO),or Graves’ophthalmopathy(GO),is a complex autoimmune condition characterized by eye symptoms such as proptosis,lid retraction,and periorbital swelling,often associated with thyroid dysfunction[1].Current drug treatments primarily include glucocorticoids,traditional immunosuppressants,and novel biologics such as Teprotumumab.While able to alleviate symptoms,they often do not adequately address irreversible conditions such as visual impairment and fi brosis,and it is diffi cult to avoid long-term medication side eff ects.In this context,exploring new therapeutic avenues for TAO to improve patients’prognosis and quality of life is meaningful.We proposed chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-based therapy as a novel treatment orientation.展开更多
Al_(2)O_(3)-based eutectic ceramics are considered as promising candidates for ultra-high-temperature structural materials due to their exceptional thermal stability and mechanical properties.Nonetheless,several chall...Al_(2)O_(3)-based eutectic ceramics are considered as promising candidates for ultra-high-temperature structural materials due to their exceptional thermal stability and mechanical properties.Nonetheless,several challenges must be overcome before they can be widely used.This paper reviews in detail the tailoring of microstructure from the aspect of process parameters,the updated knowledge gained in microstructure(crystallographic orientation,high-resolution interfacial structures)and the latest means of optimizing eutectic microstructure(seed-induced method,introducing low-energy grain boundaries and high-entropy phase).Additionally,the paper explores future techniques for the fabrication of bulk ceramic materials and effective toughening approaches.This review highlights the achievements made especially in the last 15 years,current limitations in Al_(2)O_(3)-based eutectic ceramics,and offers comprehensive insights and strategic guidance for further mechanical breakthroughs.展开更多
Catalytic activity and hydrothermal stability are both crucial for the application of the selective catalytic reduction of NO_(x)with NH_(3)(NH_(3)-SCR)catalyst in diesel vehicles.In this study,a tin(Sn)-modified Ce-N...Catalytic activity and hydrothermal stability are both crucial for the application of the selective catalytic reduction of NO_(x)with NH_(3)(NH_(3)-SCR)catalyst in diesel vehicles.In this study,a tin(Sn)-modified Ce-Nb mixed-oxide catalyst was synthesized as an NH_(3)-SCR catalyst for NO_(x)emission control.After the intro-duction of Sn,both the NH_(3)-SCR activity and the hydrothermal stability of the catalyst were remarkably promoted.Even after hydrothermal aging at 1000℃,the developed Ce_(1)Sn_(2)Nb_(1)O_(x)catalyst achieved more than 90%NO_(x)conversion at 325-500℃.Various methods,including N2-physisorption,X-ray diffraction,in-situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction,high-resolution transmission electron microscopy,X-ray pho-toelectron spectroscopy,X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy,temperature-programmed reduc-tion of hydrogen,temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia,and density functional theory calculations were used to investigate the promotional effects induced by the Sn species.The characteri-zation results showed that the addition of Sn not only promoted the formation of the Ce-Nb active phase but also improved its thermal stability,contributing to the excellent NH_(3)-SCR performance and hydrothermal stability.This study provides an excellent sintering-resistance catalyst for the application of diesel engine NO_(x)emission control.展开更多
To explore high value-added utilization pathways of fly ash,the mesoporous structure of silicon dioxide extracted from fly ash(FA-SiO_(2))was utilized to restrict the dicyandiamide(DCDA)thermal degradation process.Thi...To explore high value-added utilization pathways of fly ash,the mesoporous structure of silicon dioxide extracted from fly ash(FA-SiO_(2))was utilized to restrict the dicyandiamide(DCDA)thermal degradation process.This produced chemically bonded interacting composite photocatalysts of FA-SiO,and graphitic-phase carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)).Compared with the spherical silicon dioxide prepared using tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS-SiO_(2)),the mesoporous structure of FA-SiO_(2),allowed DCDA to react in a smaller space,which facilitated the transformation of DCDA to melamine by the thermal degradation kinetics of FA-C_(3)N_(4)/DCDA.This ultimately boosted the formation of an N-atom-removed triazine ring structure and a multistage structure combining lumps and rods in the composite photocatalysts of g-C_(3)N_(4),and FA-SiO_(2),which led to a higher visible-light utilization efficiency,a suitable valence-band position,and the photocatalytic activity for methylene blue reaching 3.56 times that of g-C_(3)N_(4).The findings indicate that mesoporous FA-SiO,has the potential to improve the structural and photocatalytic properties of g-C_(3)N_(4),-based materials.展开更多
The reaction behavior between CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–La_(2)O_(3)-based slags and La-bearing FeCrAl melt was quantitatively characterized,which was further compared with the reaction behavior of CaO–SiO_(2)-based slags.Bas...The reaction behavior between CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–La_(2)O_(3)-based slags and La-bearing FeCrAl melt was quantitatively characterized,which was further compared with the reaction behavior of CaO–SiO_(2)-based slags.Based on this,the new type of mold flux for La-bearing FeCrAl alloy continuous casting was designed and its basic properties were evaluated.The results showed that the order of reaction degree of fluxing agents in CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–La_(2)O_(3)-based slags is(Na_(2)O)>(B_(2)O_(3))>(Li_(2)O),and the percentages of mass change of fluxing agents were 85.8,54.29 and 42.35 wt.%,respectively.Moreover,the addition of(Li_(2)O)and(Na_(2)O)promoted the reaction between(CaO)and[Al],and the reaction degree of the former was weaker than that of the latter,which was due to the greater effect of(Na_(2)O)on the activity of(CaO)and(Al_(2)O_(3))than(Li_(2)O).Compared with the reactivity of CaO–SiO_(2)-based slags,the percentages of mass change of Al and La caused by slag–steel reaction decreased by 10.63–14.36 and 39.78–50.49 wt.%,respectively.The percentages of mass change of(Al_(2)O_(3)),(La_(2)O_(3))and(CaO)in slags highest increased by 17.71,17.98,and 7.81 wt.%,respectively.The reactivity of CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–La_(2)O_(3)-based slags was significantly weakened.Ultimately,the new type of mold flux was designed and the composition range was determined.The fundamental properties of new mold flux basically meet the theoretical requirements for La-bearing FeCrAl alloy continuous casting.展开更多
The syntheses of Gd(OH)_(3)and Gd(OH)_(3)-based nanomaterials have been reported and these materials have been developed as excellent MRI contrast agents.Due to the close interrelation between their morphology and pro...The syntheses of Gd(OH)_(3)and Gd(OH)_(3)-based nanomaterials have been reported and these materials have been developed as excellent MRI contrast agents.Due to the close interrelation between their morphology and properties,it has resulted in the development of various particle sizes and shapes of Gd(OH)_(3)and Gd(OH)_(3)-based nanomaterials.This has led to the extension of the uses of the materials to photocatalysis,drug delivery,and CT image contrast agents.Accordingly,these applications have been compiled and discussed in depth in this review.The potential of these materials in the above applications has started to attract significant attention.Moreover,the compilation of in-vitro toxicity studies from the literature was also discussed to facilitate the biocompatibility of the developed Gd(OH)_(3)nanomaterials.However,despite the rapid progress of Gd(OH)_(3)and Gd(OH)_(3)-based nanomaterials,there are still knowledge gaps in certain areas.Therefore,this review provides insights into the recent development of Gd(OH)_(3)and Gd(OH)_(3)-based nanomaterials to aid in accelerating novel developments.展开更多
The interaction of MgO-MgAl_(2)O_(4)-based and MgO-Cr_(2)O_(3)-based refractories with X70 molten steel was studied by immersion experiments at 1560℃.The effects of immersion time(30 and 60 min)on the contents of tot...The interaction of MgO-MgAl_(2)O_(4)-based and MgO-Cr_(2)O_(3)-based refractories with X70 molten steel was studied by immersion experiments at 1560℃.The effects of immersion time(30 and 60 min)on the contents of total oxygen(TO),Al,Nb,Si,Mn,and Cr as well as the composition,number density,and size distribution of inclusions in the molten steel were investigated.The influence of the penetration and erosion degree of the molten steel to the refractory on the steel-refractory interface layer was analyzed.The results show that,at 1560℃,the MgO-MgAl_(2)O_(4)-based refractory can better control the contents of TO and the composition of molten steel compared with the MgO-Cr_(2)O_(3)-based refractory.The TO content is only 16×10^(-4) wt.%in the molten steel after reacted with the Mg0-MgAl_(2)O_(4)-based refractory at the end point of refining,4 accounting for 11.5%of that reacted with the MgO-Cr_(2)O_(3)-based refractory(139×10^(-4) wt.%).The number density of inclusions is only 14 mm^(-2),and the average size ofinclusions is only 1.31μm,with thelargest proportion of inclusions in 1-2μm(70%).The Al_(2)O_(3)-MnS-CaO complex inclusions in the original steel changed to complex inclusions dominated by Cr-Nb-Mn-S-O and MgO.Al_(2)O_(3),corresponding to the MgO-Cr_(2)O_(3)-based and MgO-MgAl_(2)O_(4)-based refractories,respectively.The MgO.Al_(2)O_(3) layer was formed at the reaction interface between MgO-MgAl_(2)O_(4)-based refractory and molten steel,which is helpful to restrict the erosion of refractories and the pollution of molten steel.The damage mechanism of the MgO-Cr_(2)O_(3)-based refractory is mainly permeation and chemical reaction,while the damage of the MgO-MgAl_(2)O_(4)-based refractory is mainlyscouring erosion.展开更多
Photocatalysis as an emerging "green" energy conversion technology has attracted domestic and international attention.This technology uses semiconductor photocatalysts to convert solar energy into directly u...Photocatalysis as an emerging "green" energy conversion technology has attracted domestic and international attention.This technology uses semiconductor photocatalysts to convert solar energy into directly usable chemical energy,showing great potential for application in environmental pollutant purification and clean energy production,with broad development prospects.Among many semiconductor materials,tungsten trioxide(WO_(3)) is favored by researchers in the field of photocatalysis because of its good visible light response and excellent valence band hole oxidation properties.Currently,a large number of photocatalysts based on WO_(3),in particular W03-based composite photocatalysts,have been reported,and their applications cover a wide range of fields.In order to promote the development of WO_(3)-based photocatalysts and provide a reference for colleagues,we present a systematic summary of the applications and research progress of W03-based composites in the field of photocatalysis in recent years.Starting from the structural properties of WO_(3)itself,this article summarizes the preparation methods and structure-activity relationships of WO_(3)-based composite photocatalysts.Subsequently,it introduces the current application status of existing WO_(3)-based composite photocatalysts in CO_(2) reduction,hydrogen production,nitrogen fixation,and pollutant removal.Finally,the development prospects were analyzed.展开更多
As a new generation of artificial enzymes,nanozymes show outstanding advantages such as high stability,low cost,and facile synthesis,which endow them with promising applications in biomedical and environmental fields....As a new generation of artificial enzymes,nanozymes show outstanding advantages such as high stability,low cost,and facile synthesis,which endow them with promising applications in biomedical and environmental fields.Among the various reported nanozymes,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)could mimic the active center of natural enzymes and provide a hydrophobic environment,which makes MOFs attractive alternatives to natural enzymes.Owing to the highly structural diversity and tailorability of MOFs,rational design will contribute to improve the activity of MOF-based nanozymes and promote their potential applications in both biomedical and environmental fields.Therefore,a comprehensiye suminary of activity regulatory strategies of MOF-based nanozymes is urgently needed.Firstly,we summarized the activity regulatory strategies of MOFs with intrinsic enzyme-like activities via modulation of metal nodes,ligands,structures and morphologies.Then the applications of MOF-based nanozymes in biosensing,hazardous degradation,antibacterial,and cancer therapy were also introduced.Finally,the current challenges and future perspectives were discussed in depth.It is highly expected that this review will provide a better understanding on the rational design of novel high-performance MOF-based nanozymes.展开更多
Tin disulfide(SnS_(2)),due to large interlayer spacing and high theoretical capacity,is regarded as a prospective anode material for lithium-ion batteries.Nevertheless,the poor electron conductivity of SnS_(2) and hug...Tin disulfide(SnS_(2)),due to large interlayer spacing and high theoretical capacity,is regarded as a prospective anode material for lithium-ion batteries.Nevertheless,the poor electron conductivity of SnS_(2) and huge volumetric change during the lithiation/delithiation process lead to a rapid capacity decay of the battery,hindering its commercialization.To address these issues,herein,SnS_(2) is in-situ grown on the surface of carbon nanotubes(CNT)and then encapsulated with a layer of porous amorphous carbon(CNT/SnS_(2)@C)by simple solvothermal and further carbonization treatment.The synergistic effect of CNT and porous carbon layer not only enhances the electrical co nductivity of SnS_(2) but also limits the huge volumetric change to avoid the pulverization and detachment of SnS_(2).Density functional theo ry calculations show that CNT/SnS_(2)@C has high Li^(+)adsorption and lithium storage capacity achieving high reaction kinetics.Consequently,cells with the CNT/SnS_(2)@C anode exhibit a high lithium storage capacity of 837mAh/g after 100 cycles at 0.1 A/g and retaining a capacity of 529.8 mAh/g under 1.0 A/g after 1000 cycles.This study provides a fundamental understanding of the electrochemical processes and beneficial guidance to design high-performance SnS_(2)-based anodes for LIBs.展开更多
Predictive modeling of photocatalytic NO removal is highly desirable for efficient air pollution abatement.However,great challenges remain in precisely predicting photocatalytic performance and understanding interacti...Predictive modeling of photocatalytic NO removal is highly desirable for efficient air pollution abatement.However,great challenges remain in precisely predicting photocatalytic performance and understanding interactions of diverse features in the catalytic systems.Herein,a dataset of g-C_(3) N_(4)-based catalysts with 255 data points was collected from peer-reviewed publications and machine learning(ML)model was proposed to predict the NO removal rate.The result shows that the Gradient Boosting Decision Tree(GBDT)demonstrated the greatest prediction accuracy with R 2 of 0.999 and 0.907 on the training and test data,respectively.The SHAP value and feature importance analysis revealed that the empirical categories for NO removal rate,in the order of importance,were catalyst characteristics>reaction process>preparation conditions.Moreover,the partial dependence plots broke the ML black box to further quantify the marginal contributions of the input features(e.g.,doping ratio,flow rate,and pore volume)to the model output outcomes.This ML approach presents a pure data-driven,interpretable framework,which provides new insights into the influence of catalyst characteristics,reaction process,and preparation conditions on NO removal.展开更多
Reticulated ceramic foam filters provide an effective way to purify molten steel by removing non-metallic inclusions.We proposed a novel strategy to improve the purification performance of Al_(2)O_(3)-based ceramic fi...Reticulated ceramic foam filters provide an effective way to purify molten steel by removing non-metallic inclusions.We proposed a novel strategy to improve the purification performance of Al_(2)O_(3)-based ceramic filters by using microporous corundum-spinel raw materials to replace dense raw materials.Three kinds of Al_(2)O_(3)-based ceramic filters fabricated from dense α-Al_(2)O_(3) micro-powder or microporous corundum-spinel powder were selected to carry out the immersion tests with molten steel.On the one hand,the higher surface roughness of the filter skeleton prepared from microporous raw materials increased the adsorption capacity of skeleton surface on inclusions in molten steel.On the other hand,the higher apparent porosity and larger pore size of the filter skeleton were more beneficial to the penetration of molten steel in the micropores of skeleton.The reaction process at the solid-liquid interface also improved the wettability of the interface between skeleton and molten steel,resulting in a larger penetration depth and a better adsorption effect on the inclusions.In summary,the novel Al_(2)O_(3)-based ceramic filter prepared with microporous corundum-spinel powder and addition of 5 wt.% nano-Al_(2)O_(3) powder reduced the total oxygen content of the steel from 40.2×10^(-4) to 12.7×10^(-4) wt.% by 68.4% and the Al content from 0.46 to 0.18 wt.% by 60.9% after immersion test,presenting the most excellent purification performance on molten steel.展开更多
文摘Globally, traditional power systems are rapidly transforming towards the adoption of smart grid platforms. Substations which are at the center of the electric power transformation from the power plant are changing to IEC 61850 based digital substations. Therefore, within substation, there is a growing demand for the IEC 61850 based Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). The operation of multiple manufacturers of IEDs in a single digital substation network increases the need for IEC 61850 communications specification conformance diagnosis to ensure interoperability for efficient data exchange between IEDs. The IEC 61850-10 presents test items for diagnosing communication specification conformance. There are many test tools available in the market today to test the compliance of the IEC 61850 communications specifications to the IED. In this paper, we propose a model-based diagnostic method for IED communication conformance testing. The proposed model-based software therefore uses the “drag and drop” technique to select the various IEC 61850 communication services (objects) required to design the test case in a user friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI). This makes the service conformance testing more flexible for test engineers and system integrators especially in situations that require test case modifications. Also, the proposed software tool makes it easy to understand the various IEC 61850 services using the friendly GUI.
基金supported by"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities".
文摘CAB is a binder commonly utilized in CL-20-based mixed explosives.Based on the requirements of CL-20-based polymer bonded explosives in formability,safety,and detonation energy,we explored a hightoughness and low dosage CAB binder system.CAB was subjected to different toughening modifications and the effects of the modified CAB binders on the bonding and coating of CL-20 crystals,as well as the formability,safety,and mechanical properties of CL-20-based polymer bonded explosive molding powder(MP)were evaluated.The changes in glass transition temperature(Tg)and mechanical properties of the modified binders were investigated using the molecular dynamics simulation at first.A series of modified binders with different molecular weights were then synthesized and characterized by FTIR,1H NMR,^(13)C NMR and SEC.The T_(g) and cross-sectional morphologies of the binder membranes were determined by DSC and SEM.The tensile properties of the binder membranes with different molecular weights and their mixtures with the plasticizer were evaluated at different temperature.With the optimized modified binder,CL-20/CAB and CL-20/CAB-g-PCL-3 MPs with the same plasticizer ratio and Cl-20/CAB-g-PCL-3 MP with a lower plasticizer ratio and higher CL-20 content were prepared and evaluated for the bonding and coating effects,crystal form,mechanical sensitivity and specific heat capacity(C_(p))by SEM,XRD,sensitivity testing and DSC,respectively.Their compressive strengths and splitting tensile strengths were measured at different temperature using a universal testing machine.Our work has provided a high-toughness and low-dosage binder system for CL-20-based MPs and offers a novel strategy to improve the formability,safety,and energy of CL-20 based polymer bonded explosives.
基金supported by Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.2242053)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22275012).
文摘Development of polymers with underwater self-healing and antifouling properties is crucial,particularly in harsh marine environments.In this study,polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)-based antifouling polymers with tunable self-healing capabilities in aqueous conditions were fabricated by incorporating amphiphilic segments and Fe^(3+)-catechol dynamic coordination crosslinking.The microphase formed within the PDMS matrix imparted static antifouling properties to the coatings.The mechanical properties of the damaged sample were restored at room temperature in an aqueous environment for 24 h,achieving a self-healing efficiency of almost 100%.The synthesized material exploited the dynamic coordination between Fe^(3+) and catechol to facilitate underwater self-healing.No bacterial adhesion was observed at the scratch site after the coating was repaired.This material enables the long-term antifouling and autonomous repair of marine vessels and sensors,thereby reducing maintenance costs.
文摘The impact safety of explosive charges has been focused in these decades. The fragment impact is widely used to evaluate the response of explosive charges. In our work, the explosive detonation driving technique was used to generate a high velocity fragment with large mass. When the fragment masses are10 g, 16 g, 25 g, and 50 g, the highest velocity of fragments can reach 2400 m/s, 2100 m/s, 1900 m/s, and1400 m/s, respectively. The high velocity fragment with large mass was used to evaluate the safety of two kinds of CL-20 based explosive charges. The effects of the fragment mass and velocity were analyzed.Especially, the reaction extent was obtained based on visible phenomenon. The CL-20-based explosive charge containing Al had a higher safety level than that without Al. It was because Al had good ductility,and further improved the mechanical property of the material. Also, the numerical simulation was conducted to understand the reaction characteristics of the CL-20-based explosive charge. The results showed that as the fragment mass and velocity increased, the reaction became more violent.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC2812700)the Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong(2022CXGC020301)+6 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279153,U22A2044,22479154,52303287)the Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province(No.ts201511063)the Shandong Energy Institute(Grant No.SEI I202108)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(E31Z3F04)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024 M753350)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2023QB208)Qingdao Natural Science Foundation(23-2-1-77-zyyd-jch)。
文摘Silicon suboxide(SiO_(x),0<x<2)is an appealing anode material to replace traditional graphite owing to its much higher theoretical specific capacity enabling higher-energy-density lithium batteries.Nevertheless,the huge volume change and rapid capacity decay of SiO_(x)electrodes during cycling pose huge challenges to their large-scale practical applications.To eliminate this bottleneck,a dragonfly wing microstructure-inspired polymer electrolyte(denoted as PPM-PE)is developed based on in-situ polymerization of bicyclic phosphate ester-and urethane motif-containing monomer and methyl methacrylate in traditional liquid electrolyte.PPM-PE delivers excellent mechanical properties,highly correlated with the formation of a micro-phase separation structure similar with dragonfly wings.By virtue of superior mechanical properties and the in-situ solidified preparation method,PPM-PE can form a 3D polymer network buffer against stress within the electrode particles gap,enabling much suppressed electrode volume expansion and more stabilized solid electrolyte interface along with evidently decreased electrolyte decomposition.Resultantly,PPM-PE shows significant improvements in both cycling and rate performance in button and soft package batteries with SiO_(x)-based electrodes,compared with the liquid electrolyte counterpart.Such a dragonfly wing microstructure-inspired design philosophy of in-situ solidified polymer electrolytes helps facilitate the practical implementation of high-energy lithium batteries with SiO_(x)-based anodes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant Nos.11872120,12102050)Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology(Grant No.QNKT22-01).
文摘The new CL-20(hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane)type aluminized explosives in the overdrive detonation(ODD)conditions of the core problem is how to accurately represent the state of the overdrive detonation products.To this end,this paper is based on the impedance matching method to test the ODD conditions of CL-20 type aluminium explosive particle velocity.Calculated the interfacial pressure of the shock wave in different media.Determined the characteristic parameters of the reaction zone of the detonation of CL-20 aluminized explosives.Calibrated the parameters of the JoneseWilkinseLee(JWL)+γ equation for the detonation products(DPs).Revealed the effect of different DPs equation of state(EOS)on the Hugoniot pressure of ODD.The results indicate that when the content of aluminum powder ranges from 0%to 30%,the duration of the ODD reaction zone and the width of the detonation reaction zone of the CL-20-based aluminized explosive are directly proportional to the content of aluminum powder.The width of the detonation reaction zone is increased by 1.97 times to 2.7 times compared to that of the reaction zone without the addition of aluminum powder.However,the energy release efficiency of the detonation reaction zone is inversely proportional to the content of aluminum powder.When the aluminum powder content was held constant,the incorporation of AP caused a 25%reduction in the energy release efficiency of the detonation reaction zone.Compared with existing ODD state equations,the JWL +γ equation is superior in calibrating overpressure Hugoniot data and the isentropic expansion in the C-J state.The deviation between calculated pressure results and experimental measurements is within 6%.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52301145,52275329)the Applied Basic Research Program of Liaoning Province,China(No.2023JH2/101300158)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities,China(No.N2202010)the Key Research Programs of High Education Institutions in Henan Province,China(No.24A430017).
文摘A unique discontinuous lamellar microstructure of titanium alloys consisting of lamellar colonies at prior β-Ti grain boundaries and internal interwoven α-laths is prepared by a TiH_(2)-based powder metallurgy method.The α-variants get various crystallographic orientations and become discontinuous during vacuum annealing at 700℃.Remarkably,nanoscale phase δ-TiH compound layers are generated between α-laths and β-strips,so that dislocations are piled up at the α/δ/βinterfaces during tensile deformation.This leads to dislocation slips being confined to individual α-laths,with differentslips and particularly pyramidal<c+a>slips being activated.The efficiency of wavy slip is promoted and the work hardening rate is enhanced.Finally,the combined effect of dispersed micro-shear bands and lath distortions is considered contributive for alleviating the stress concentration at grain boundaries,resulting in a high-promising synergy of enhanced ultimate tensile strength of 1080 MPa and good elongation to fracture of 13.6%.
基金supported by the Distinguished Young Scholars of the National Defense Biotechnology Foundation(01-SWKJYCJJ11).
文摘Dear Editor,Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO),or Graves’ophthalmopathy(GO),is a complex autoimmune condition characterized by eye symptoms such as proptosis,lid retraction,and periorbital swelling,often associated with thyroid dysfunction[1].Current drug treatments primarily include glucocorticoids,traditional immunosuppressants,and novel biologics such as Teprotumumab.While able to alleviate symptoms,they often do not adequately address irreversible conditions such as visual impairment and fi brosis,and it is diffi cult to avoid long-term medication side eff ects.In this context,exploring new therapeutic avenues for TAO to improve patients’prognosis and quality of life is meaningful.We proposed chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-based therapy as a novel treatment orientation.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52171046)National Natural Science Foundation of China-key programme(No.52234010)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Shaanxi Provincial Key Science and Technology Innovation Team(No.2023-CX-TD-14).
文摘Al_(2)O_(3)-based eutectic ceramics are considered as promising candidates for ultra-high-temperature structural materials due to their exceptional thermal stability and mechanical properties.Nonetheless,several challenges must be overcome before they can be widely used.This paper reviews in detail the tailoring of microstructure from the aspect of process parameters,the updated knowledge gained in microstructure(crystallographic orientation,high-resolution interfacial structures)and the latest means of optimizing eutectic microstructure(seed-induced method,introducing low-energy grain boundaries and high-entropy phase).Additionally,the paper explores future techniques for the fabrication of bulk ceramic materials and effective toughening approaches.This review highlights the achievements made especially in the last 15 years,current limitations in Al_(2)O_(3)-based eutectic ceramics,and offers comprehensive insights and strategic guidance for further mechanical breakthroughs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52225004 and 22276202)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3701804)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2019045).
文摘Catalytic activity and hydrothermal stability are both crucial for the application of the selective catalytic reduction of NO_(x)with NH_(3)(NH_(3)-SCR)catalyst in diesel vehicles.In this study,a tin(Sn)-modified Ce-Nb mixed-oxide catalyst was synthesized as an NH_(3)-SCR catalyst for NO_(x)emission control.After the intro-duction of Sn,both the NH_(3)-SCR activity and the hydrothermal stability of the catalyst were remarkably promoted.Even after hydrothermal aging at 1000℃,the developed Ce_(1)Sn_(2)Nb_(1)O_(x)catalyst achieved more than 90%NO_(x)conversion at 325-500℃.Various methods,including N2-physisorption,X-ray diffraction,in-situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction,high-resolution transmission electron microscopy,X-ray pho-toelectron spectroscopy,X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy,temperature-programmed reduc-tion of hydrogen,temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia,and density functional theory calculations were used to investigate the promotional effects induced by the Sn species.The characteri-zation results showed that the addition of Sn not only promoted the formation of the Ce-Nb active phase but also improved its thermal stability,contributing to the excellent NH_(3)-SCR performance and hydrothermal stability.This study provides an excellent sintering-resistance catalyst for the application of diesel engine NO_(x)emission control.
基金supported by the Medical Special Cultivation Project of Anhui University of Science and Technology(Nos.YZ2023H2B013 and YZ2023H2B012),China.
文摘To explore high value-added utilization pathways of fly ash,the mesoporous structure of silicon dioxide extracted from fly ash(FA-SiO_(2))was utilized to restrict the dicyandiamide(DCDA)thermal degradation process.This produced chemically bonded interacting composite photocatalysts of FA-SiO,and graphitic-phase carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)).Compared with the spherical silicon dioxide prepared using tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS-SiO_(2)),the mesoporous structure of FA-SiO_(2),allowed DCDA to react in a smaller space,which facilitated the transformation of DCDA to melamine by the thermal degradation kinetics of FA-C_(3)N_(4)/DCDA.This ultimately boosted the formation of an N-atom-removed triazine ring structure and a multistage structure combining lumps and rods in the composite photocatalysts of g-C_(3)N_(4),and FA-SiO_(2),which led to a higher visible-light utilization efficiency,a suitable valence-band position,and the photocatalytic activity for methylene blue reaching 3.56 times that of g-C_(3)N_(4).The findings indicate that mesoporous FA-SiO,has the potential to improve the structural and photocatalytic properties of g-C_(3)N_(4),-based materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52174321,52274339 and 52074186).
文摘The reaction behavior between CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–La_(2)O_(3)-based slags and La-bearing FeCrAl melt was quantitatively characterized,which was further compared with the reaction behavior of CaO–SiO_(2)-based slags.Based on this,the new type of mold flux for La-bearing FeCrAl alloy continuous casting was designed and its basic properties were evaluated.The results showed that the order of reaction degree of fluxing agents in CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–La_(2)O_(3)-based slags is(Na_(2)O)>(B_(2)O_(3))>(Li_(2)O),and the percentages of mass change of fluxing agents were 85.8,54.29 and 42.35 wt.%,respectively.Moreover,the addition of(Li_(2)O)and(Na_(2)O)promoted the reaction between(CaO)and[Al],and the reaction degree of the former was weaker than that of the latter,which was due to the greater effect of(Na_(2)O)on the activity of(CaO)and(Al_(2)O_(3))than(Li_(2)O).Compared with the reactivity of CaO–SiO_(2)-based slags,the percentages of mass change of Al and La caused by slag–steel reaction decreased by 10.63–14.36 and 39.78–50.49 wt.%,respectively.The percentages of mass change of(Al_(2)O_(3)),(La_(2)O_(3))and(CaO)in slags highest increased by 17.71,17.98,and 7.81 wt.%,respectively.The reactivity of CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–La_(2)O_(3)-based slags was significantly weakened.Ultimately,the new type of mold flux was designed and the composition range was determined.The fundamental properties of new mold flux basically meet the theoretical requirements for La-bearing FeCrAl alloy continuous casting.
基金the FRC grant(UBD/RSCH/1.4/FICBF(b)/2023/059)received from Universiti Brunei Darussalam,Brunei Darussalam。
文摘The syntheses of Gd(OH)_(3)and Gd(OH)_(3)-based nanomaterials have been reported and these materials have been developed as excellent MRI contrast agents.Due to the close interrelation between their morphology and properties,it has resulted in the development of various particle sizes and shapes of Gd(OH)_(3)and Gd(OH)_(3)-based nanomaterials.This has led to the extension of the uses of the materials to photocatalysis,drug delivery,and CT image contrast agents.Accordingly,these applications have been compiled and discussed in depth in this review.The potential of these materials in the above applications has started to attract significant attention.Moreover,the compilation of in-vitro toxicity studies from the literature was also discussed to facilitate the biocompatibility of the developed Gd(OH)_(3)nanomaterials.However,despite the rapid progress of Gd(OH)_(3)and Gd(OH)_(3)-based nanomaterials,there are still knowledge gaps in certain areas.Therefore,this review provides insights into the recent development of Gd(OH)_(3)and Gd(OH)_(3)-based nanomaterials to aid in accelerating novel developments.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1860205 and 52204352)Youth Project of Hubei Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2022CFB593)+1 种基金Key R&D Project of Hubei Province(Grant No.2022BAA021)Guiding Project of Scientific Research Plan of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(Grant No.B2022019).
文摘The interaction of MgO-MgAl_(2)O_(4)-based and MgO-Cr_(2)O_(3)-based refractories with X70 molten steel was studied by immersion experiments at 1560℃.The effects of immersion time(30 and 60 min)on the contents of total oxygen(TO),Al,Nb,Si,Mn,and Cr as well as the composition,number density,and size distribution of inclusions in the molten steel were investigated.The influence of the penetration and erosion degree of the molten steel to the refractory on the steel-refractory interface layer was analyzed.The results show that,at 1560℃,the MgO-MgAl_(2)O_(4)-based refractory can better control the contents of TO and the composition of molten steel compared with the MgO-Cr_(2)O_(3)-based refractory.The TO content is only 16×10^(-4) wt.%in the molten steel after reacted with the Mg0-MgAl_(2)O_(4)-based refractory at the end point of refining,4 accounting for 11.5%of that reacted with the MgO-Cr_(2)O_(3)-based refractory(139×10^(-4) wt.%).The number density of inclusions is only 14 mm^(-2),and the average size ofinclusions is only 1.31μm,with thelargest proportion of inclusions in 1-2μm(70%).The Al_(2)O_(3)-MnS-CaO complex inclusions in the original steel changed to complex inclusions dominated by Cr-Nb-Mn-S-O and MgO.Al_(2)O_(3),corresponding to the MgO-Cr_(2)O_(3)-based and MgO-MgAl_(2)O_(4)-based refractories,respectively.The MgO.Al_(2)O_(3) layer was formed at the reaction interface between MgO-MgAl_(2)O_(4)-based refractory and molten steel,which is helpful to restrict the erosion of refractories and the pollution of molten steel.The damage mechanism of the MgO-Cr_(2)O_(3)-based refractory is mainly permeation and chemical reaction,while the damage of the MgO-MgAl_(2)O_(4)-based refractory is mainlyscouring erosion.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.22376051)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Nos.2021T140512 and 2020M680869)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (No.B2021202001)。
文摘Photocatalysis as an emerging "green" energy conversion technology has attracted domestic and international attention.This technology uses semiconductor photocatalysts to convert solar energy into directly usable chemical energy,showing great potential for application in environmental pollutant purification and clean energy production,with broad development prospects.Among many semiconductor materials,tungsten trioxide(WO_(3)) is favored by researchers in the field of photocatalysis because of its good visible light response and excellent valence band hole oxidation properties.Currently,a large number of photocatalysts based on WO_(3),in particular W03-based composite photocatalysts,have been reported,and their applications cover a wide range of fields.In order to promote the development of WO_(3)-based photocatalysts and provide a reference for colleagues,we present a systematic summary of the applications and research progress of W03-based composites in the field of photocatalysis in recent years.Starting from the structural properties of WO_(3)itself,this article summarizes the preparation methods and structure-activity relationships of WO_(3)-based composite photocatalysts.Subsequently,it introduces the current application status of existing WO_(3)-based composite photocatalysts in CO_(2) reduction,hydrogen production,nitrogen fixation,and pollutant removal.Finally,the development prospects were analyzed.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31901000 and 22022609)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutes of China(No.19KJA610003)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.2019K152)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions。
文摘As a new generation of artificial enzymes,nanozymes show outstanding advantages such as high stability,low cost,and facile synthesis,which endow them with promising applications in biomedical and environmental fields.Among the various reported nanozymes,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)could mimic the active center of natural enzymes and provide a hydrophobic environment,which makes MOFs attractive alternatives to natural enzymes.Owing to the highly structural diversity and tailorability of MOFs,rational design will contribute to improve the activity of MOF-based nanozymes and promote their potential applications in both biomedical and environmental fields.Therefore,a comprehensiye suminary of activity regulatory strategies of MOF-based nanozymes is urgently needed.Firstly,we summarized the activity regulatory strategies of MOFs with intrinsic enzyme-like activities via modulation of metal nodes,ligands,structures and morphologies.Then the applications of MOF-based nanozymes in biosensing,hazardous degradation,antibacterial,and cancer therapy were also introduced.Finally,the current challenges and future perspectives were discussed in depth.It is highly expected that this review will provide a better understanding on the rational design of novel high-performance MOF-based nanozymes.
基金the financial support from the Australian Research CouncilCentre for Materials Science,Queensland University of Technology。
文摘Tin disulfide(SnS_(2)),due to large interlayer spacing and high theoretical capacity,is regarded as a prospective anode material for lithium-ion batteries.Nevertheless,the poor electron conductivity of SnS_(2) and huge volumetric change during the lithiation/delithiation process lead to a rapid capacity decay of the battery,hindering its commercialization.To address these issues,herein,SnS_(2) is in-situ grown on the surface of carbon nanotubes(CNT)and then encapsulated with a layer of porous amorphous carbon(CNT/SnS_(2)@C)by simple solvothermal and further carbonization treatment.The synergistic effect of CNT and porous carbon layer not only enhances the electrical co nductivity of SnS_(2) but also limits the huge volumetric change to avoid the pulverization and detachment of SnS_(2).Density functional theo ry calculations show that CNT/SnS_(2)@C has high Li^(+)adsorption and lithium storage capacity achieving high reaction kinetics.Consequently,cells with the CNT/SnS_(2)@C anode exhibit a high lithium storage capacity of 837mAh/g after 100 cycles at 0.1 A/g and retaining a capacity of 529.8 mAh/g under 1.0 A/g after 1000 cycles.This study provides a fundamental understanding of the electrochemical processes and beneficial guidance to design high-performance SnS_(2)-based anodes for LIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22172019,22225606,22176029)Excellent Youth Foundation of Sichuan Scientific Committee Grant in China(No.2021JDJQ0006).
文摘Predictive modeling of photocatalytic NO removal is highly desirable for efficient air pollution abatement.However,great challenges remain in precisely predicting photocatalytic performance and understanding interactions of diverse features in the catalytic systems.Herein,a dataset of g-C_(3) N_(4)-based catalysts with 255 data points was collected from peer-reviewed publications and machine learning(ML)model was proposed to predict the NO removal rate.The result shows that the Gradient Boosting Decision Tree(GBDT)demonstrated the greatest prediction accuracy with R 2 of 0.999 and 0.907 on the training and test data,respectively.The SHAP value and feature importance analysis revealed that the empirical categories for NO removal rate,in the order of importance,were catalyst characteristics>reaction process>preparation conditions.Moreover,the partial dependence plots broke the ML black box to further quantify the marginal contributions of the input features(e.g.,doping ratio,flow rate,and pore volume)to the model output outcomes.This ML approach presents a pure data-driven,interpretable framework,which provides new insights into the influence of catalyst characteristics,reaction process,and preparation conditions on NO removal.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51974214).
文摘Reticulated ceramic foam filters provide an effective way to purify molten steel by removing non-metallic inclusions.We proposed a novel strategy to improve the purification performance of Al_(2)O_(3)-based ceramic filters by using microporous corundum-spinel raw materials to replace dense raw materials.Three kinds of Al_(2)O_(3)-based ceramic filters fabricated from dense α-Al_(2)O_(3) micro-powder or microporous corundum-spinel powder were selected to carry out the immersion tests with molten steel.On the one hand,the higher surface roughness of the filter skeleton prepared from microporous raw materials increased the adsorption capacity of skeleton surface on inclusions in molten steel.On the other hand,the higher apparent porosity and larger pore size of the filter skeleton were more beneficial to the penetration of molten steel in the micropores of skeleton.The reaction process at the solid-liquid interface also improved the wettability of the interface between skeleton and molten steel,resulting in a larger penetration depth and a better adsorption effect on the inclusions.In summary,the novel Al_(2)O_(3)-based ceramic filter prepared with microporous corundum-spinel powder and addition of 5 wt.% nano-Al_(2)O_(3) powder reduced the total oxygen content of the steel from 40.2×10^(-4) to 12.7×10^(-4) wt.% by 68.4% and the Al content from 0.46 to 0.18 wt.% by 60.9% after immersion test,presenting the most excellent purification performance on molten steel.
