The paper aimed to illustrate an idea about the feasibility of a peculiar aircraft, i.e., a 5th generation light fighter. At first, a short description of previous ＂generations＂ of jet fighter is given, introducing ...The paper aimed to illustrate an idea about the feasibility of a peculiar aircraft, i.e., a 5th generation light fighter. At first, a short description of previous ＂generations＂ of jet fighter is given, introducing the interest that has always been originated by the concept of＂light fighter＂ for every of the first four fighter generations. The derivation of the first idea of a new 5th generation light fighter is then described. Then to further investigate the feasibility of idea, a conceptual design study has been driven up by utilizing peculiar tools, both for quantitative and qualitative （i.e., the aircraft layout definition） evaluations. With the further support of preliminary study of subsystems, the result shows the feasibility of the concept.展开更多
Since the release of the first version of the 5th generation(5G) mobile networks standard: Release-15(Rel-15), the 3rd Generation Partnership Project(3GPP) made significant efforts in the field of indoor and outdoor w...Since the release of the first version of the 5th generation(5G) mobile networks standard: Release-15(Rel-15), the 3rd Generation Partnership Project(3GPP) made significant efforts in the field of indoor and outdoor wireless positioning. Notably, Release-16(Rel-16) augmented support for enhanced mobile broadband(eMBB) and ultra-reliable low-latency communication(uRLLC), particularly within complex indoor settings. To further meet the diverse application needs of positioning scenarios, the 3GPP standards for Release-17(Rel-17) and Release-18(Rel-18) propose new enhancement measures to continuously provide more accurate positioning services. In this paper, the scholarly discourse on 5G positioning was critically examined, providing a systematic review of the 5G positioning standards as delineated in 3GPP's Rel-16 and Rel-17, and extended the discussion to the anticipated enhancements in 5G Rel-18, along with their underlying motivations. Through these discussions, not only a comprehensive perspective on the current development of 5G positioning technology was provided but also forward-looking analysis and predictions for the evolution of positioning technology in the upcoming 3GPP Release-19(Rel-19) was offered. Additionally, it serves as a reference for researchers interested in understanding the development of positioning within the standard framework in the field of 5G indoor positioning, which holds significant meaning for promoting research and application of 5G positioning technology.展开更多
The topic of 5G network development is resonating in the aviation world.According to the information from aircraft manufacturers,aircraft radio altimeters could be interfered with in the C-band frequency spectrum.Radi...The topic of 5G network development is resonating in the aviation world.According to the information from aircraft manufacturers,aircraft radio altimeters could be interfered with in the C-band frequency spectrum.Radio altimeters are electronic devices that measure the precise altitude above the terrain and are very important for flight safety in the phase of the final approach and landing.The problem statement was,firstly,how safe the aircraft approaching and departing Prague Airport have been and secondly,how to protect aviation safety in the rapidly changing technological environment of expanding C-band networks.The methodology of the paper was,firstly,to assess the impact of existing installations on flight operations using the Safety Management System principles;and secondly,to assess the impact of planned C-band installations on flight operations according to the technical parameters of proposed installations.This is a methodology proposed in the paper for newly defined coordination zones around Prague Airport.The methodology can be used by other airports aiming to assess the risks of C-band interference.Through all safety promotion means,the crews were encouraged and motivated to report all outages of radio altimeters via safety reporting channels.From the period September 2021 to November 2023,one safety report concerning the radio altimeter was received.The report informed about a safety incident,the failure of the radio altimeter.An investigation into the causes of the incident has taken place and the results are provided and discussed in the paper.According to the data collected and investigated,the failures of radio altimeters are rare and no case has been discovered where the failure of the radio altimeter of an aircraft on the ground or an aircraft arriving or departing Prague RuzyněAirport was caused by interference with C-band.The new C-band installations can be assessed according to the previously published model of the French civil aviation authority,however,a modification of the evaluation procedure is proposed in the paper.展开更多
The application of the artificial intelligence(AI) technology in the 5 th generation mobile communication system(5 G) networks promotes the development of the mobile communication network and its application in vertic...The application of the artificial intelligence(AI) technology in the 5 th generation mobile communication system(5 G) networks promotes the development of the mobile communication network and its application in vertical industries, however, the application models of "patching" and "plug-in" have hindered the effect of AI applications. Meanwhile, the application of AI in all walks of life puts forward requirements for new capabilities of the future network, such as distributed training, real-time collaborative inference, local data processing, etc., which require "native intelligence design" in future networks. This paper discusses the requirements of native intelligence in the 6 th generation mobile communication system(6 G) networks from the perspectives of 5 G intelligent network challenges and the "ubiquitous intelligence" vision of 6 G, and analyzes the technical challenges of the AI workflows in its lifecycle and the AI as a service(AIaaS) in cloud network. The progress and deficiencies of the current research on AI functional architecture in various industry organizations are summarized. The end-to-end functional architecture for native AI for 6 G network and its three key technical characteristics are proposed: quality of AI services(QoAIS) based AI service orchestration for its full lifecycle, deep integration of native AI computing and communication, and integration of native AI and digital twin network. The directions of future research are also prospected.展开更多
A dual-polarized multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)antenna is proposed for 5G base stations.Each antenna element consists of two orthogonally placed fan-shaped dipole elements and45°dual-polarized feed-ing str...A dual-polarized multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)antenna is proposed for 5G base stations.Each antenna element consists of two orthogonally placed fan-shaped dipole elements and45°dual-polarized feed-ing structures are used to achieve broadband operation.The resonant frequency of the array element is from 3.3 to 4.2 GHz,which covers the mainstream spectrum allocations of 5G mobile networks.H-shaped coupling elements are used to improve the isolation between the neighboring antenna elements and the mutual coupling is reduced by over 4 dB.The envelope correlation of a 2×2 array is provided for verification.展开更多
It has been an exciting journey since the mobile communications and artificial intelligence(AI)were conceived in 1983 and 1956.While both fields evolved independently and profoundly changed communications and computin...It has been an exciting journey since the mobile communications and artificial intelligence(AI)were conceived in 1983 and 1956.While both fields evolved independently and profoundly changed communications and computing industries,the rapid convergence of 5th generation mobile communication technology(5G)and AI is beginning to significantly transform the core communication infrastructure,network management,and vertical applications.The paper first outlined the individual roadmaps of mobile communications and AI in the early stage,with a concentration to review the era from 3rd generation mobile communication technology(3G)to 5G when AI and mobile communications started to converge.With regard to telecommunications AI,the progress of AI in the ecosystem of mobile communications was further introduced in detail,including network infrastructure,network operation and management,business operation and management,intelligent applications towards business supporting system(BSS)&operation supporting system(OSS)convergence,verticals and private networks,etc.Then the classifications of AI in telecommunication ecosystems were summarized along with its evolution paths specified by various international telecommunications standardization organizations.Towards the next decade,the prospective roadmap of telecommunications AI was forecasted.In line with 3rd generation partnership project(3GPP)and International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector(ITU-R)timeline of 5G&6th generation mobile communication technology(6G),the network intelligence following 3GPP and open radio access network(O-RAN)routes,experience and intent-based network management and operation,network AI signaling system,intelligent middle-office based BSS,intelligent customer experience management and policy control driven by BSS&OSS convergence,evolution from service level agreement(SLA)to experience level agreement(ELA),and intelligent private network for verticals were further explored.The paper is concluded with the vision that AI will reshape the future beyond 5G(B5G)/6G landscape,and we need pivot our research and development(R&D),standardizations,and ecosystem to fully take the unprecedented opportunities.展开更多
文摘The paper aimed to illustrate an idea about the feasibility of a peculiar aircraft, i.e., a 5th generation light fighter. At first, a short description of previous ＂generations＂ of jet fighter is given, introducing the interest that has always been originated by the concept of＂light fighter＂ for every of the first four fighter generations. The derivation of the first idea of a new 5th generation light fighter is then described. Then to further investigate the feasibility of idea, a conceptual design study has been driven up by utilizing peculiar tools, both for quantitative and qualitative （i.e., the aircraft layout definition） evaluations. With the further support of preliminary study of subsystems, the result shows the feasibility of the concept.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62372049)。
文摘Since the release of the first version of the 5th generation(5G) mobile networks standard: Release-15(Rel-15), the 3rd Generation Partnership Project(3GPP) made significant efforts in the field of indoor and outdoor wireless positioning. Notably, Release-16(Rel-16) augmented support for enhanced mobile broadband(eMBB) and ultra-reliable low-latency communication(uRLLC), particularly within complex indoor settings. To further meet the diverse application needs of positioning scenarios, the 3GPP standards for Release-17(Rel-17) and Release-18(Rel-18) propose new enhancement measures to continuously provide more accurate positioning services. In this paper, the scholarly discourse on 5G positioning was critically examined, providing a systematic review of the 5G positioning standards as delineated in 3GPP's Rel-16 and Rel-17, and extended the discussion to the anticipated enhancements in 5G Rel-18, along with their underlying motivations. Through these discussions, not only a comprehensive perspective on the current development of 5G positioning technology was provided but also forward-looking analysis and predictions for the evolution of positioning technology in the upcoming 3GPP Release-19(Rel-19) was offered. Additionally, it serves as a reference for researchers interested in understanding the development of positioning within the standard framework in the field of 5G indoor positioning, which holds significant meaning for promoting research and application of 5G positioning technology.
文摘The topic of 5G network development is resonating in the aviation world.According to the information from aircraft manufacturers,aircraft radio altimeters could be interfered with in the C-band frequency spectrum.Radio altimeters are electronic devices that measure the precise altitude above the terrain and are very important for flight safety in the phase of the final approach and landing.The problem statement was,firstly,how safe the aircraft approaching and departing Prague Airport have been and secondly,how to protect aviation safety in the rapidly changing technological environment of expanding C-band networks.The methodology of the paper was,firstly,to assess the impact of existing installations on flight operations using the Safety Management System principles;and secondly,to assess the impact of planned C-band installations on flight operations according to the technical parameters of proposed installations.This is a methodology proposed in the paper for newly defined coordination zones around Prague Airport.The methodology can be used by other airports aiming to assess the risks of C-band interference.Through all safety promotion means,the crews were encouraged and motivated to report all outages of radio altimeters via safety reporting channels.From the period September 2021 to November 2023,one safety report concerning the radio altimeter was received.The report informed about a safety incident,the failure of the radio altimeter.An investigation into the causes of the incident has taken place and the results are provided and discussed in the paper.According to the data collected and investigated,the failures of radio altimeters are rare and no case has been discovered where the failure of the radio altimeter of an aircraft on the ground or an aircraft arriving or departing Prague RuzyněAirport was caused by interference with C-band.The new C-band installations can be assessed according to the previously published model of the French civil aviation authority,however,a modification of the evaluation procedure is proposed in the paper.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2020YFB1806800)。
文摘The application of the artificial intelligence(AI) technology in the 5 th generation mobile communication system(5 G) networks promotes the development of the mobile communication network and its application in vertical industries, however, the application models of "patching" and "plug-in" have hindered the effect of AI applications. Meanwhile, the application of AI in all walks of life puts forward requirements for new capabilities of the future network, such as distributed training, real-time collaborative inference, local data processing, etc., which require "native intelligence design" in future networks. This paper discusses the requirements of native intelligence in the 6 th generation mobile communication system(6 G) networks from the perspectives of 5 G intelligent network challenges and the "ubiquitous intelligence" vision of 6 G, and analyzes the technical challenges of the AI workflows in its lifecycle and the AI as a service(AIaaS) in cloud network. The progress and deficiencies of the current research on AI functional architecture in various industry organizations are summarized. The end-to-end functional architecture for native AI for 6 G network and its three key technical characteristics are proposed: quality of AI services(QoAIS) based AI service orchestration for its full lifecycle, deep integration of native AI computing and communication, and integration of native AI and digital twin network. The directions of future research are also prospected.
文摘A dual-polarized multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)antenna is proposed for 5G base stations.Each antenna element consists of two orthogonally placed fan-shaped dipole elements and45°dual-polarized feed-ing structures are used to achieve broadband operation.The resonant frequency of the array element is from 3.3 to 4.2 GHz,which covers the mainstream spectrum allocations of 5G mobile networks.H-shaped coupling elements are used to improve the isolation between the neighboring antenna elements and the mutual coupling is reduced by over 4 dB.The envelope correlation of a 2×2 array is provided for verification.
文摘It has been an exciting journey since the mobile communications and artificial intelligence(AI)were conceived in 1983 and 1956.While both fields evolved independently and profoundly changed communications and computing industries,the rapid convergence of 5th generation mobile communication technology(5G)and AI is beginning to significantly transform the core communication infrastructure,network management,and vertical applications.The paper first outlined the individual roadmaps of mobile communications and AI in the early stage,with a concentration to review the era from 3rd generation mobile communication technology(3G)to 5G when AI and mobile communications started to converge.With regard to telecommunications AI,the progress of AI in the ecosystem of mobile communications was further introduced in detail,including network infrastructure,network operation and management,business operation and management,intelligent applications towards business supporting system(BSS)&operation supporting system(OSS)convergence,verticals and private networks,etc.Then the classifications of AI in telecommunication ecosystems were summarized along with its evolution paths specified by various international telecommunications standardization organizations.Towards the next decade,the prospective roadmap of telecommunications AI was forecasted.In line with 3rd generation partnership project(3GPP)and International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector(ITU-R)timeline of 5G&6th generation mobile communication technology(6G),the network intelligence following 3GPP and open radio access network(O-RAN)routes,experience and intent-based network management and operation,network AI signaling system,intelligent middle-office based BSS,intelligent customer experience management and policy control driven by BSS&OSS convergence,evolution from service level agreement(SLA)to experience level agreement(ELA),and intelligent private network for verticals were further explored.The paper is concluded with the vision that AI will reshape the future beyond 5G(B5G)/6G landscape,and we need pivot our research and development(R&D),standardizations,and ecosystem to fully take the unprecedented opportunities.
