Service-Based Architecture(SBA)of 5G network introduces novel communication technology and advanced features,while simultaneously presenting new security requirements and challenges.Commercial 5G Core(5GC)networks are...Service-Based Architecture(SBA)of 5G network introduces novel communication technology and advanced features,while simultaneously presenting new security requirements and challenges.Commercial 5G Core(5GC)networks are highly secure closed systems with interfaces defined through the 3rd Generation Partnership Project(3GPP)specifications to fulfill communication requirements.However,the 5GC boundary,especially the access domain,faces diverse security threats due to the availability of open-source cellular software suites and SoftwareDefined Radio(SDR)devices.Therefore,we systematically summarize security threats targeting the N2 interfaces at the 5GC boundary,which are categorized as Illegal Registration,Protocol attack,and Signaling Storm.We further construct datasets of attack and normal communication patterns based on a 5G simulated platform.In addition,we propose an anomaly detection method based on Next Generation Application Protocol(NGAP)message sequences,which extracts session temporal features at the granularity of User Equipment(UE).The method combines the Long Short-Term Memory Network(LSTM)and the attention mechanism can effectively mine the dynamic patterns and key anomaly time-steps in the temporal sequence.We conducted anomaly detection baseline algorithm comparison experiments,ablation experiments,and real-world simulation experiments.Experimental evaluations demonstrated that our model can accurately learn the dependencies of uplink and downlink messages for our self-constructed datasets,achieving 99.80%Accuracy and 99.85%F1 Score,which can effectively detect UE anomaly behavior.展开更多
The hazardous substance Neu5Gc(N-glycolylneuraminic acid), which is rich in red meat, is related to chronic inflammation but is hard to eliminate. Here, electrical stimulation, as a food-friendly nonthermal processing...The hazardous substance Neu5Gc(N-glycolylneuraminic acid), which is rich in red meat, is related to chronic inflammation but is hard to eliminate. Here, electrical stimulation, as a food-friendly nonthermal processing technology, was applied to red meat samples to reduce the Neu5Gc content. To explore the Neu5Gc structure changes during this process, electronic structure parameters were evaluated, and AIM( atom in molecules) theory and DFT(density function theory) calculations were further used. The results showed that the content of Nue5Gc in red meat can be reduced by(74.24 ± 0.69)% at 120 V for 50 s, with little impact on the meat texture and color. Theoretical calculations indicated that the Neu5Gc molecule becomes very unstable under electrical stimulation by increasing the O-H bond length, reactive activity, strength of intermolecular dipole forces and total energy through reducing the values of bond dissociation energy and strength of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Overall, this research provides an economical method to effectively control red meat safety.展开更多
文摘Service-Based Architecture(SBA)of 5G network introduces novel communication technology and advanced features,while simultaneously presenting new security requirements and challenges.Commercial 5G Core(5GC)networks are highly secure closed systems with interfaces defined through the 3rd Generation Partnership Project(3GPP)specifications to fulfill communication requirements.However,the 5GC boundary,especially the access domain,faces diverse security threats due to the availability of open-source cellular software suites and SoftwareDefined Radio(SDR)devices.Therefore,we systematically summarize security threats targeting the N2 interfaces at the 5GC boundary,which are categorized as Illegal Registration,Protocol attack,and Signaling Storm.We further construct datasets of attack and normal communication patterns based on a 5G simulated platform.In addition,we propose an anomaly detection method based on Next Generation Application Protocol(NGAP)message sequences,which extracts session temporal features at the granularity of User Equipment(UE).The method combines the Long Short-Term Memory Network(LSTM)and the attention mechanism can effectively mine the dynamic patterns and key anomaly time-steps in the temporal sequence.We conducted anomaly detection baseline algorithm comparison experiments,ablation experiments,and real-world simulation experiments.Experimental evaluations demonstrated that our model can accurately learn the dependencies of uplink and downlink messages for our self-constructed datasets,achieving 99.80%Accuracy and 99.85%F1 Score,which can effectively detect UE anomaly behavior.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31660496)the High-level innovative talents training project of Guizhou province-“Hundred” level talents (QKHPTRC[2016]5662)。
文摘The hazardous substance Neu5Gc(N-glycolylneuraminic acid), which is rich in red meat, is related to chronic inflammation but is hard to eliminate. Here, electrical stimulation, as a food-friendly nonthermal processing technology, was applied to red meat samples to reduce the Neu5Gc content. To explore the Neu5Gc structure changes during this process, electronic structure parameters were evaluated, and AIM( atom in molecules) theory and DFT(density function theory) calculations were further used. The results showed that the content of Nue5Gc in red meat can be reduced by(74.24 ± 0.69)% at 120 V for 50 s, with little impact on the meat texture and color. Theoretical calculations indicated that the Neu5Gc molecule becomes very unstable under electrical stimulation by increasing the O-H bond length, reactive activity, strength of intermolecular dipole forces and total energy through reducing the values of bond dissociation energy and strength of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Overall, this research provides an economical method to effectively control red meat safety.
