The rapid growth of 3G/4G enabled devices such as smartphones and tablets in large numbers has created increased demand for mobile data services. Wi-Fi offloading helps satisfy the requirements of data-rich applicatio...The rapid growth of 3G/4G enabled devices such as smartphones and tablets in large numbers has created increased demand for mobile data services. Wi-Fi offloading helps satisfy the requirements of data-rich applications and terminals with improved multi- media. Wi-Fi is an essential approach to alleviating mobile data traffic load on a cellular network because it provides extra capacity and improves overall performance. In this paper, we propose an integrated LTE/Wi-Fi architecture with software-defined networking （SDN） abstraction in mobile baekhaul and enhanced components that facilitate the move towards next-generation 5G mo- bile networks. Our proposed architecture enables programmable offloading policies that take into account real-time network conditions as well as the status of devices and applications. This mechanism improves overall network performance by deriving real- time policies and steering traffic between cellular and Wi-Fi networks more efficiently.展开更多
Since the release of the first version of the 5th generation(5G) mobile networks standard: Release-15(Rel-15), the 3rd Generation Partnership Project(3GPP) made significant efforts in the field of indoor and outdoor w...Since the release of the first version of the 5th generation(5G) mobile networks standard: Release-15(Rel-15), the 3rd Generation Partnership Project(3GPP) made significant efforts in the field of indoor and outdoor wireless positioning. Notably, Release-16(Rel-16) augmented support for enhanced mobile broadband(eMBB) and ultra-reliable low-latency communication(uRLLC), particularly within complex indoor settings. To further meet the diverse application needs of positioning scenarios, the 3GPP standards for Release-17(Rel-17) and Release-18(Rel-18) propose new enhancement measures to continuously provide more accurate positioning services. In this paper, the scholarly discourse on 5G positioning was critically examined, providing a systematic review of the 5G positioning standards as delineated in 3GPP's Rel-16 and Rel-17, and extended the discussion to the anticipated enhancements in 5G Rel-18, along with their underlying motivations. Through these discussions, not only a comprehensive perspective on the current development of 5G positioning technology was provided but also forward-looking analysis and predictions for the evolution of positioning technology in the upcoming 3GPP Release-19(Rel-19) was offered. Additionally, it serves as a reference for researchers interested in understanding the development of positioning within the standard framework in the field of 5G indoor positioning, which holds significant meaning for promoting research and application of 5G positioning technology.展开更多
Traditional mobile communication systems mainly work on the licensed frequency band near or below 3 GHz;however,this band is becoming increasingly crowded.On the other hand,there are abundant unlicensed spectrum resou...Traditional mobile communication systems mainly work on the licensed frequency band near or below 3 GHz;however,this band is becoming increasingly crowded.On the other hand,there are abundant unlicensed spectrum resources in higher frequency bands,e.g.,6 GHz,15 GHz,and 28 GHz,and if those bands are applied,the current spectrum shortage problem could be effectively alleviated.However,the wireless channel characteristics and models are important but still unknown,and thus in this study,extensive measurements and modeling have been conducted to study the characteristics of the high-frequency 15-GHz band.Specifically,a PN(Pseudo Noise)sequence based time-domain measurement system was built and applied to measure the propagation characteristics of the LOS(Line-of-Sight)and NLOS(Non-Line-of-Sight)scenarios in an indoor corridor at 15 GHz.Then,in-depth analysis and modeling on the large-scale characteristics of wireless channels,the relationship between distance and path loss,the path loss exponent,and the shadow fading standard variance are provided.Moreover,the relationship between received power and different elevation angles was studied.In the measurement,two 25-dBi horn antennas with a 10 half-power beam width are used to change elevation angles in the transmitting terminal and azimuth angles in the receiving terminal for all measurement points.The findings and results in this work will serve as a reference and basis for future theoretical studies of the 15-GHz band.展开更多
文摘The rapid growth of 3G/4G enabled devices such as smartphones and tablets in large numbers has created increased demand for mobile data services. Wi-Fi offloading helps satisfy the requirements of data-rich applications and terminals with improved multi- media. Wi-Fi is an essential approach to alleviating mobile data traffic load on a cellular network because it provides extra capacity and improves overall performance. In this paper, we propose an integrated LTE/Wi-Fi architecture with software-defined networking （SDN） abstraction in mobile baekhaul and enhanced components that facilitate the move towards next-generation 5G mo- bile networks. Our proposed architecture enables programmable offloading policies that take into account real-time network conditions as well as the status of devices and applications. This mechanism improves overall network performance by deriving real- time policies and steering traffic between cellular and Wi-Fi networks more efficiently.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62372049)。
文摘Since the release of the first version of the 5th generation(5G) mobile networks standard: Release-15(Rel-15), the 3rd Generation Partnership Project(3GPP) made significant efforts in the field of indoor and outdoor wireless positioning. Notably, Release-16(Rel-16) augmented support for enhanced mobile broadband(eMBB) and ultra-reliable low-latency communication(uRLLC), particularly within complex indoor settings. To further meet the diverse application needs of positioning scenarios, the 3GPP standards for Release-17(Rel-17) and Release-18(Rel-18) propose new enhancement measures to continuously provide more accurate positioning services. In this paper, the scholarly discourse on 5G positioning was critically examined, providing a systematic review of the 5G positioning standards as delineated in 3GPP's Rel-16 and Rel-17, and extended the discussion to the anticipated enhancements in 5G Rel-18, along with their underlying motivations. Through these discussions, not only a comprehensive perspective on the current development of 5G positioning technology was provided but also forward-looking analysis and predictions for the evolution of positioning technology in the upcoming 3GPP Release-19(Rel-19) was offered. Additionally, it serves as a reference for researchers interested in understanding the development of positioning within the standard framework in the field of 5G indoor positioning, which holds significant meaning for promoting research and application of 5G positioning technology.
基金supported by The National High Technology Research Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2014AA01A706)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61471346)+1 种基金The National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2014ZX03003012)The Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.14DZ2281000).
文摘Traditional mobile communication systems mainly work on the licensed frequency band near or below 3 GHz;however,this band is becoming increasingly crowded.On the other hand,there are abundant unlicensed spectrum resources in higher frequency bands,e.g.,6 GHz,15 GHz,and 28 GHz,and if those bands are applied,the current spectrum shortage problem could be effectively alleviated.However,the wireless channel characteristics and models are important but still unknown,and thus in this study,extensive measurements and modeling have been conducted to study the characteristics of the high-frequency 15-GHz band.Specifically,a PN(Pseudo Noise)sequence based time-domain measurement system was built and applied to measure the propagation characteristics of the LOS(Line-of-Sight)and NLOS(Non-Line-of-Sight)scenarios in an indoor corridor at 15 GHz.Then,in-depth analysis and modeling on the large-scale characteristics of wireless channels,the relationship between distance and path loss,the path loss exponent,and the shadow fading standard variance are provided.Moreover,the relationship between received power and different elevation angles was studied.In the measurement,two 25-dBi horn antennas with a 10 half-power beam width are used to change elevation angles in the transmitting terminal and azimuth angles in the receiving terminal for all measurement points.The findings and results in this work will serve as a reference and basis for future theoretical studies of the 15-GHz band.
