This article discusses the significant findings from the study on the transfection of arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase(ALOX15)and its therapeutic potential in managing acute pancreatitis(AP).The research highlights the ro...This article discusses the significant findings from the study on the transfection of arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase(ALOX15)and its therapeutic potential in managing acute pancreatitis(AP).The research highlights the role of ALOX15 in attenuating inflammatory responses,apoptosis,and autophagy in a ceruleininduced AP murine model.By using a recombinant lentiviral vector for efficient gene delivery,the study provides compelling evidence for the protective effects of ALOX15 transfection on pancreatic tissue.The authors demonstrate that ALOX15 reduces the expression of key inflammatory markers like interleukin-βand tumor necrosis factorαwhile promoting apoptosis through caspase-3 activation.Furthermore,the modulation of autophagy and structural preservation of pancreatic acinar cells suggest that ALOX15 could be a promising therapeutic target for AP.The implications of these findings are discussed,emphasizing the potential for future clinical translation and further research to explore the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic applications of ALOX15 in inflammatory diseases.展开更多
In our ongoing search for new inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase（5-LOX） from microbial resources,Aspergillus F06Z-509 was found to produce active components.Three active compounds named F06Z-509-A,B and C were obtained an...In our ongoing search for new inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase（5-LOX） from microbial resources,Aspergillus F06Z-509 was found to produce active components.Three active compounds named F06Z-509-A,B and C were obtained and identified as butyrolactoneⅡ,ⅠandⅢby NMR and MS data analyses.They showed inhibitory activity against 5-LOX with IC50 of 21.43, 22.51 and 11.83μg/mL,respectively.Butyrolactones are shown to be inhibitors of 5-LOX for the first time.展开更多
The interplay between inflammation and cancer progression is a growing area of research. A combination of clinical, epidemiological, and basic science investigations indicate that there is a relationship between infla...The interplay between inflammation and cancer progression is a growing area of research. A combination of clinical, epidemiological, and basic science investigations indicate that there is a relationship between inflammatory changes in the pancreas and neoplastic progression. Diets high in ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids provide increased substrate for arachidonic acid metabolism by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) to form eicosanoids. These eicosanoids directly contribute to pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. Both COX-2 and 5-LOX are upregulated in multiple cancer types, including pancreatic cancer. In vitro studies using pancreatic cancer cell lines have demonstrated upregulation of COX-2 and 5-LOX at both the mRNA and protein levels. When COX-2 and 5-LOX are blocked via a variety of mechanisms, cancer cell proliferation is abrogated both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of COX-2 has been shown to include effects on apoptosis as well as angiogenesis. 5-LOX has been implicated in apoptosis. The use of COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors in clinical studies in patients with pancreatic cancer has been limited. Patient enrollment has been restricted to those with advanced disease which makes evaluation of these drugs as chemopreventive agents difficult. COX-2 and 5-LOX expression have been shown to be present during the early neoplastic changes of pancreatic cancer, well before progression to invasive disease. This indicates that the ideal role for these interventions is early in the disease process as preventive agents, perhaps in patients with chronic pancreatitis or hereditary pancreatitis.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the 5-lipoxygenases (Loxs) expression level in human colorectal cancer specimens in order to determine its clinicopathologic significance in human tumorigenesis. METHODS: The relative quantity of 5-Lo...AIM: To evaluate the 5-lipoxygenases (Loxs) expression level in human colorectal cancer specimens in order to determine its clinicopathologic significance in human tumorigenesis. METHODS: The relative quantity of 5-Lox mRNA in paired 91 colorectal tumor and adjacent normal mucosa samples was determined by real time quantitative PCR. Additionally, the expression of 5-Lox and cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2 proteins was also examined using immunohistochemical staining methods. RESULTS: There was a marked increase in 5-Lox mRNA levels in the tumor compared with paired normal mucosa samples (P < 0.0001). Sixty six (72.5%) tumors showed high 5-Lox mRNA levels. The positivity rate of 5-Lox and Cox-2 protein expression was 68.7% and 79.1% respectively. There was a significant association between tumoral 5-Lox mRNA level and tumor size (Rho = 0.392, P = 0.0002), depth or vessel invasion. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that 5-Lox is up-regulated in colorectal cancer and that inhibition of its expression might be valuable in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.展开更多
The inhibitors of 5-LOX control the overproduction of pro-inflammatory mediators known as leukotrienes(LTs)and thus have therapeutic relevance in the treatment of various diseases like asthma,rheumatoid arthritis,infl...The inhibitors of 5-LOX control the overproduction of pro-inflammatory mediators known as leukotrienes(LTs)and thus have therapeutic relevance in the treatment of various diseases like asthma,rheumatoid arthritis,inflammatory bowel disease and certain types of cancers.This has increased the search for efficient therapeutic agents for protein 5-LOX and this process is now primarily based on QSAR.In this study,we have developed four different quantitative structure and 5-LOX inhibition activity relationship models of benzoquinone derivative by exploiting CoMFA,RF,SVM,and MLR chemometric methods.Performance of the QSAR models was measured by using cross-validation technique as well as through the external test set prediction.RF model outperforms all other models.SVM and MLR models failed due to the poor performance of the external test set prediction.CoMFA model,which shows relatively good performance was used to explore the essential structural regions where the modification was necessary to design a novel scaffold with improved activity.Moreover,molecular docking of all the derivatives to the binding site of 5-LOX was done to show their binding mode and to identify critical interacting residues inside the active site of 5-LOX.The docking result confirms the stability and rationality of the CoMFA model.展开更多
Variants of the arachidonate 5-1ipoxygenase-activating protein （ALOX5AP） gene have been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke. This study was aimed to explore...Variants of the arachidonate 5-1ipoxygenase-activating protein （ALOX5AP） gene have been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke. This study was aimed to explore the association of ALOX5AP variants with ischemic stroke risk in Han Chinese of eastern China. A total of 690 ischemic stroke cases and 767 controls were recruited. The subjects were further subtyped according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment （TOAST） criteria. On the basis of that, two polymorphisms of the ALOX5AP gene （rs10507391 and rs12429692） were determined by TaqMan genotyping assay. In addition, plasma leukotriene B4 （LTB4） levels were analyzed in these subjects. There was no evidence of association between the two variants of ALOX5AP and the risk of ischemic stroke or its TOAST-subtypes. Haplotype analysis and stratification analysis according to sex, age, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes also showed negative association. Analysis of LTB4 levels in a subset of cases and controls revealed that LTB4 levels were significantly higher in ischemic stroke cases than in the controls （70.06± 14.75 ng/L vs 57.34±10.93 ng/L; P = 0.000） and carriers of the T allele of the rs10507391 variant were associated with higher plasma LTB4 levels （P = 0.000）. The present study suggests there is no association of the two polymorphisms in the ALOX5AP gene with ischemic stroke risk in Han Chinese of eastern China.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the 15-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity of the methanol leaf extracts of Commelina benghalensis,Tradescantia fluminensis(T.fluminensis)and Tradescantia zebrina.Method:The inhibitory activity was ...Objective:To evaluate the 15-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity of the methanol leaf extracts of Commelina benghalensis,Tradescantia fluminensis(T.fluminensis)and Tradescantia zebrina.Method:The inhibitory activity was evaluated using a spectrophotometric assay by observing the increase in absorbance at 234 nm due to the formation of the product 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid.The extracts were also tested for the presence of terpenoids,saponins,tannins,flavonoids,steroids,phenolic compounds,alkaloids and cardiac glycosides.Results:All the extracts inhibited the action of 15-lipoxygenase at a concentration of 0.2μg/mL.T.fluminensis and Tradescantia zebrina exhibited higher than 50%inhibition with T.fluminensis at 87.2%.T.fluminensis was partitioned with ethyl acetate and hexane and their IC_(50)values were determined at 8.72μg/mL and 98.04μg/mL,respectively.Conclusions:T.fluminensis is a potentially good source of 15-lipoxygenase inhibitors.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis(AP),the initially triggered inflammatory process in the pancreas,can be life-threatening.It has been reported that 15-lipoxygenase may promote the removal of damaged intracellular compone...BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis(AP),the initially triggered inflammatory process in the pancreas,can be life-threatening.It has been reported that 15-lipoxygenase may promote the removal of damaged intracellular components,maintain intracellular homeostasis,and promote apoptosis by upregulating the activity of caspases.Despite an increased understanding of the lipoxygenase pathway in inflammation and immune diseases,the role of the Alox15 gene product in modulating the inflammatory changes during AP is not well defined.AIM To investigate the effect of Alox15 expression in cerulein-induced AP in rats.METHODS Model rats were transfected with Alox15 by injecting a recombinant lentivirus vector encoding Alox15 into the left gastric artery before inducing AP.The expression of Alox15 was then assessed at the mRNA and protein levels.RESULTS Our in vivo results showed that serum amylase activity and pancreatic tissue water content were significantly reduced in Alox15-transfected rats.Further,the mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha,interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,as well as the protein expression of nuclear factor kappa B in pancreatic tissue were reduced.Additionally,we observed an upregulation of cleaved caspase-3 that implies an induction of apoptosis in pancreatic cells.The transfection of Alox15 resulted in a lower number of autophagic vacuoles in AP.CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate a regulatory role of Alox15 in apoptosis and autophagy,making it a potential therapeutic target for AP.展开更多
Brian ischemic injury and central neurodegenerative diseases as leading contributors to disability and death have become a majorclinical and public health concern worldwide.Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in th...Brian ischemic injury and central neurodegenerative diseases as leading contributors to disability and death have become a majorclinical and public health concern worldwide.Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathological progression of cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson disease(PD).Therefore,it is important to find effective therapeutic targets to attenuate inflammation and delay the progression of brain injury.Cysteinyl leukotrienes(CysLTs) are potent inflammatory mediators synthesized from arachidonic acid by 5-lipoxygenase(5-LOX) in the central nervous system.Two distinct G-protein-coupled receptors,CysLT1 R and CysLT2 R,mediate most of the known CysLTs biological responses.Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that postischemic inflammation and neuronal loss are mediated by 5-LOX and CysLTRs fol owing focal cerebral ischemia.We recently reported that the expression of 5-LOX,CysLT1R and inflammatory vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) was upregulated in the hippocampus of rats with transient global cerebral ischemia,which was closely associated with delayed neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 area.5-LOX inhibitor zileuton,CysLT1R antagonist ONO-1078 and montelukast dose-dependently reduced hippocampal CA1 neuronal death and inhibited the increased expression of 5-LOX and VCAM-1.In vitro ischemia-like injury in 5-LOXtransfected PC12 cells,oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD) induced cell death mediated by5-LOX via ROS/P38 MAPK pathway.The nonselective 5-LOX inhibitor caffeic acid inhibited OGDstimulated activation of 5-LOX and ROS/P38 MAPK signaling and improved neuronal survival.In PD model,high concentrations of rotenone caused directly PC12 neurotoxicity,which was modulated by 5-LOX and abolished by suppression of 5-LOX.It is well known that microglia is major modulators of inflammatory response after brain injury.Overactivated microglia and production of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α contribute to the neuroinflammation and brain injury.5-LOX,CysLT1R and CysLT2R are involved in microglial activation and resultant neurotoxic responses.It has been found that low concentrations of rotenone can activate 5-LOX and CysLT1R on microglial cells to enhance microglial inflammation and microglia-dependent neuronal death in vitro.5-LOX inhibitor zileuton and CysLT1R antagonist montelukast protected neurons from microglia-dependent rotenone neurotoxicity.Furthermore,lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced microglial activation and microglial neurotoxicity mediated by CysLT2R in vitro.Both pharmacological blockade(CysLT2R antagonist HAMI3379) and RNA interference(specific short hairpin RNA) of CysLT2 R significantly attenuated LPS-triggered microglial inflammation and subsequent neuronal death.Collectively,the present results indicate the role of 5-LOX and CysLTRs in neuroinflammation and brain injury.Modulation of 5-LOX and CysLTRs may be potential therapeutic approaches for inflammation-related brain disorders such as cerebral ischemia and PD.However,further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying the regulation of neuinflammatory processes by 5-LOX and CysLTRs.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Previously we demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of 5-lipoxygenase(5-LOX)inhibitor as well as cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1(Cys LT1)antagoniston rotenone-induced microglial activation and neuronal de...OBJECTIVE Previously we demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of 5-lipoxygenase(5-LOX)inhibitor as well as cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1(Cys LT1)antagoniston rotenone-induced microglial activation and neuronal death.In this study,we determined the effects of 5-LOX inhibitor zileuton and Cys LT1 antagonist montelukast on neurotoxicity induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine(MPP+)in an in vitro model of Parkinson disease(PD).METHODS The neurotoxicity of MPP+,a neurotoxin relevant to PD,on the PC12 cells was measured by MTT assay,lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)release and double fluorescence staining with Hoechst/propidiumiodide(PI).The protective effects of 5-LOX inhibitor zileuton and Cys LT1 antagonist montelukast were investigated by the above methods.RESULTS We found that exposure of PC12 cells to MPP+led to a reduced cell viability and an increased level of LDH in a concentration-dependent manner.Pretreatment with zileuton and montelukast significantly attenuated viability loss and LDH release in MPP+-treated PC12 cells.Furthermore,MPP+increasednecrotic cell death in PC12 cells.Administration of montelukast significantly decreased MPP+-induced cell necrosis in PC12 cells.CONCLUSION The 5-LOX inhibitor zileuton and Cys LT1 antagonist montelukast have a neuroprotective effects on MPP+-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells.The 5-LOX inhibitor and Cys LT1 antagonist might raise a possibility as potential therapeutic agent for PD and other inflammation-related the central nervous system disorders.展开更多
A preliminary study has found that the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, caffeic acid, has a marked protective effect on acute brain injury induced by intracerebroventricular microinjection of aluminum. In this experiment, ch...A preliminary study has found that the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, caffeic acid, has a marked protective effect on acute brain injury induced by intracerebroventricular microinjection of aluminum. In this experiment, chronic brain injury and neuronal degeneration model was established in rats by chronic oral administration of aluminum, and then intervened using caffeic acid. Results showed that caffeic acid can downregulate chronic aluminum overload-induced 5-1ipoxygenase mRNA and protein expression, and repair the aluminum overload-induced hippocampal neuronal damage and spatial orientation impairment. It is suggested that direct intervention of 5-lipoxygenase expression has a neuroprotective role in the degeneration induced by chronic aluminum overload brain injury model.展开更多
Objective Increased transcytosis of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)across the endothelium and oxidation of LDL deposited within the subendothelial space are crucial early events in atherogenesis. C1q/TNF-related protein...Objective Increased transcytosis of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)across the endothelium and oxidation of LDL deposited within the subendothelial space are crucial early events in atherogenesis. C1q/TNF-related protein (CTRP) 5 is a novel secreted glycoprotein and its biological functions are largely undefined.展开更多
Arachidonic acid-metabolizing enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) produces pro-inflammatory mediators:leukotrienes (including cysteinyl leukotrienes, CysLTs). 5-LOX and CysLTs are involved in the pathophysiological process ...Arachidonic acid-metabolizing enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) produces pro-inflammatory mediators:leukotrienes (including cysteinyl leukotrienes, CysLTs). 5-LOX and CysLTs are involved in the pathophysiological process after brain injury, and the actions of CysLTs are mediated via activation of their receptors, CysLT1 and CysLT2. We have recently reported the expressions of 5-LOX, CysLT1 and CysLT2 in human brains with traumatic injury and tumors, and short-term neuroprotective effects of Cys-LT1 antagonists in stroke models of rats and mice.展开更多
5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) is a key enzyme of arachidonic acid metabolism. The metabolites, leuklotrienes, are important mediators in asthma, inflammatory and allergic disorders. The activation of 5-LO includes the gatheri...5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) is a key enzyme of arachidonic acid metabolism. The metabolites, leuklotrienes, are important mediators in asthma, inflammatory and allergic disorders. The activation of 5-LO includes the gathering of 5-LO,adhering onto the membranes of nuclei and entrance to the nuclei. In the central nervous system, 5-LO is widely展开更多
Objective:To explore the potential mechanism of lysionotin in treating glioma.Methods:First,target prediction based on Bernoulli Naïve Bayes profiling and pathway enrichment was used to predict the biological act...Objective:To explore the potential mechanism of lysionotin in treating glioma.Methods:First,target prediction based on Bernoulli Naïve Bayes profiling and pathway enrichment was used to predict the biological activity of lysionotin.The binding between 5-lipoxygenase(5-LO)and lysionotin was detected by surface plasmon resonance(SPR)and molecular docking,and the inhibitory effects of lysionotin on 5-LO and proliferation of glioma were determined using enzyme inhibition assay in vitro and cell viability analysis,respectively.Furthermore,the pharmaceutical effect of lysionotin was explored by cell survival rate analysis and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).The protein expression,intracellular calcium ion concentration and cytoskeleton detection were revealed by Western blot,flow cytometry and fluorescence labeling,respectively.Results:Target prediction and pathway enrichment revealed that lysionotin inhibited 5-LO,a key enzyme involved in the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway,to inhibit the proliferation of glioma.Molecular docking results demonstrated that 5-LO can be binding to lysionotin through hydrogen bonds,forming bonds with His600,Gln557,Asn554,and His372.SPR analysis further confirmed the interaction between 5-LO and lysionotin.Furthermore,enzyme inhibition assay in vitro and cell survival rate analysis revealed that 50%inhibition concentration of lysionotin and the median effective concentration of lysionotin were 90 and 16.58µmol/L,respectively,and the results of LC-MS/MS showed that lysionotin inhibited the production of 5S-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid(P<0.05),and moreover,the LC-MS/MS results indicated that lysionotin can enter glioma cells well(P<0.01)and inhibit their proliferation.Western blot analysis demonstrated that lysionotin can inhibit the expression of 5-LO(P<0.05)and downstream leukotriene B4 receptor(P<0.01).In addition,the results showed that lysionotin affected intracellular calcium ion concentration by inhibiting 5-LO to affect the cytoskeleton,as determined by flow cytometry and fluorescence labeling.Conclusion:Lysionotin binds to 5-LO could suppress glioma by inhibiting arachiodonic acid metabolism pathway.展开更多
Background Atherosclerosis is a kind of disease with multiple risk factors,of which hyperlipidemia is a major classical risk factor resulting in its pathogenesis and development.The aim of this study was to determine ...Background Atherosclerosis is a kind of disease with multiple risk factors,of which hyperlipidemia is a major classical risk factor resulting in its pathogenesis and development.The aim of this study was to determine the effects of short-term intensive atorvastatin （IA） therapy on vascular endothelial function and explore the possible mechanisms that may help to explain the clinical benefits from short-term intensive statin therapy.Methods After exposure to high-fat diet （HFD） for 8 weeks,the animals were,respectively,treated with IA or low-dose atorvastatin （LA） for 5 days.Blood lipids,C-reactive protein （CRP）,tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）,interleukin-6 （IL-6）,nitric oxide （NO）,endothelin-1 （ET-1）,and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation function were,respectively,measured.mRNA and protein expression of CRP,TNF-α,IL-6,macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1）,and 5-lipoxygenase （5-LO） were also evaluated in pericarotid adipose tissue （PCAT） and cultured adipocytes.Results HFD increased serum inflammatory factor levels; induced significant hyperlipidemia and endothelial dysfunction,including imbalance between NO and ET-1; enhanced inflammatory factors and 5-LO expression; and promoted macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue.Five-day IA therapy could significantly decrease serum inflammatory factor levels and their expression in PCAT; restore the balance between NO and ET-1; and improve endothelial function and macrophage infiltration without significant changes in blood lipids.However,all of the above were not observed in LA therapy.In vitro experiment found that lipopolysaccharide （LPS） enhanced the expression of inflammatory factors and 5-LO in cultured adipocytes,which could be attenuated by short-time （6 hours） treatment of high-dose （5 pmol/L） but not low-dose （0.5 μmol/L） atorvastatin.In addition,inhibiting 5-LO by Cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-α-cyanocinnamate （CDC,a potent and direct 5-LO inhibitor） could significantly downregulate the above-mentioned gene expression in LPS-treated adipocytes.Conclusion Short-term IA therapy could significantly ameliorate endothelial dysfunction induced by HFD,which may be partly due to attenuating inflammation of PCAT through inhibiting 5-LO pathway.展开更多
Human 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is a well-validated drug target and its inhibitors are potential drugs for treating leukotriene-related disorders. Our previous work on structural optimization of the hit compound 2 from o...Human 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is a well-validated drug target and its inhibitors are potential drugs for treating leukotriene-related disorders. Our previous work on structural optimization of the hit compound 2 from our in-house collection identified two lead compounds, 3a and 3b, exhibiting a potent inhibitory profile against 5-LOX with IC50 values less than 1 mu mol/L in cell-based assays. Here, we further optimized these compounds to prepare a class of novel pyrazole derivatives by opening the fused ring system. Several new compounds exhibited more potent inhibitory activity than the lead compounds against 5-LOX. In particular, compound 4e not only suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in brain inflammatory cells and protected neurons from oxidative toxicity, but also significantly decreased infarct damage in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia. Molecular docking analysis further confirmed the consistency of our theoretical results and experimental data. In conclusion, the excellent in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activities of these compounds against 5-LOX suggested that these novel chemical structures have a promising therapeutic potential to treat leukotriene-related disorders. (C) 2016 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.展开更多
文摘This article discusses the significant findings from the study on the transfection of arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase(ALOX15)and its therapeutic potential in managing acute pancreatitis(AP).The research highlights the role of ALOX15 in attenuating inflammatory responses,apoptosis,and autophagy in a ceruleininduced AP murine model.By using a recombinant lentiviral vector for efficient gene delivery,the study provides compelling evidence for the protective effects of ALOX15 transfection on pancreatic tissue.The authors demonstrate that ALOX15 reduces the expression of key inflammatory markers like interleukin-βand tumor necrosis factorαwhile promoting apoptosis through caspase-3 activation.Furthermore,the modulation of autophagy and structural preservation of pancreatic acinar cells suggest that ALOX15 could be a promising therapeutic target for AP.The implications of these findings are discussed,emphasizing the potential for future clinical translation and further research to explore the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic applications of ALOX15 in inflammatory diseases.
基金National Basic Research Project of China(Grant No.2009CB526513)National New Drug Research and Development Proiect(Grant No.2008ZX09401-05)
文摘In our ongoing search for new inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase（5-LOX） from microbial resources,Aspergillus F06Z-509 was found to produce active components.Three active compounds named F06Z-509-A,B and C were obtained and identified as butyrolactoneⅡ,ⅠandⅢby NMR and MS data analyses.They showed inhibitory activity against 5-LOX with IC50 of 21.43, 22.51 and 11.83μg/mL,respectively.Butyrolactones are shown to be inhibitors of 5-LOX for the first time.
文摘The interplay between inflammation and cancer progression is a growing area of research. A combination of clinical, epidemiological, and basic science investigations indicate that there is a relationship between inflammatory changes in the pancreas and neoplastic progression. Diets high in ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids provide increased substrate for arachidonic acid metabolism by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) to form eicosanoids. These eicosanoids directly contribute to pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. Both COX-2 and 5-LOX are upregulated in multiple cancer types, including pancreatic cancer. In vitro studies using pancreatic cancer cell lines have demonstrated upregulation of COX-2 and 5-LOX at both the mRNA and protein levels. When COX-2 and 5-LOX are blocked via a variety of mechanisms, cancer cell proliferation is abrogated both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of COX-2 has been shown to include effects on apoptosis as well as angiogenesis. 5-LOX has been implicated in apoptosis. The use of COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors in clinical studies in patients with pancreatic cancer has been limited. Patient enrollment has been restricted to those with advanced disease which makes evaluation of these drugs as chemopreventive agents difficult. COX-2 and 5-LOX expression have been shown to be present during the early neoplastic changes of pancreatic cancer, well before progression to invasive disease. This indicates that the ideal role for these interventions is early in the disease process as preventive agents, perhaps in patients with chronic pancreatitis or hereditary pancreatitis.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the 5-lipoxygenases (Loxs) expression level in human colorectal cancer specimens in order to determine its clinicopathologic significance in human tumorigenesis. METHODS: The relative quantity of 5-Lox mRNA in paired 91 colorectal tumor and adjacent normal mucosa samples was determined by real time quantitative PCR. Additionally, the expression of 5-Lox and cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2 proteins was also examined using immunohistochemical staining methods. RESULTS: There was a marked increase in 5-Lox mRNA levels in the tumor compared with paired normal mucosa samples (P < 0.0001). Sixty six (72.5%) tumors showed high 5-Lox mRNA levels. The positivity rate of 5-Lox and Cox-2 protein expression was 68.7% and 79.1% respectively. There was a significant association between tumoral 5-Lox mRNA level and tumor size (Rho = 0.392, P = 0.0002), depth or vessel invasion. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that 5-Lox is up-regulated in colorectal cancer and that inhibition of its expression might be valuable in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.
文摘The inhibitors of 5-LOX control the overproduction of pro-inflammatory mediators known as leukotrienes(LTs)and thus have therapeutic relevance in the treatment of various diseases like asthma,rheumatoid arthritis,inflammatory bowel disease and certain types of cancers.This has increased the search for efficient therapeutic agents for protein 5-LOX and this process is now primarily based on QSAR.In this study,we have developed four different quantitative structure and 5-LOX inhibition activity relationship models of benzoquinone derivative by exploiting CoMFA,RF,SVM,and MLR chemometric methods.Performance of the QSAR models was measured by using cross-validation technique as well as through the external test set prediction.RF model outperforms all other models.SVM and MLR models failed due to the poor performance of the external test set prediction.CoMFA model,which shows relatively good performance was used to explore the essential structural regions where the modification was necessary to design a novel scaffold with improved activity.Moreover,molecular docking of all the derivatives to the binding site of 5-LOX was done to show their binding mode and to identify critical interacting residues inside the active site of 5-LOX.The docking result confirms the stability and rationality of the CoMFA model.
基金supported by a grant from the Health Bureau of Jiangsu Province (No. H201005)
文摘Variants of the arachidonate 5-1ipoxygenase-activating protein （ALOX5AP） gene have been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke. This study was aimed to explore the association of ALOX5AP variants with ischemic stroke risk in Han Chinese of eastern China. A total of 690 ischemic stroke cases and 767 controls were recruited. The subjects were further subtyped according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment （TOAST） criteria. On the basis of that, two polymorphisms of the ALOX5AP gene （rs10507391 and rs12429692） were determined by TaqMan genotyping assay. In addition, plasma leukotriene B4 （LTB4） levels were analyzed in these subjects. There was no evidence of association between the two variants of ALOX5AP and the risk of ischemic stroke or its TOAST-subtypes. Haplotype analysis and stratification analysis according to sex, age, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes also showed negative association. Analysis of LTB4 levels in a subset of cases and controls revealed that LTB4 levels were significantly higher in ischemic stroke cases than in the controls （70.06± 14.75 ng/L vs 57.34±10.93 ng/L; P = 0.000） and carriers of the T allele of the rs10507391 variant were associated with higher plasma LTB4 levels （P = 0.000）. The present study suggests there is no association of the two polymorphisms in the ALOX5AP gene with ischemic stroke risk in Han Chinese of eastern China.
基金Supported by the University of the Philippines Diliman through the Natural Sciences Research Institute(Grant No.CHE-09-2-02)
文摘Objective:To evaluate the 15-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity of the methanol leaf extracts of Commelina benghalensis,Tradescantia fluminensis(T.fluminensis)and Tradescantia zebrina.Method:The inhibitory activity was evaluated using a spectrophotometric assay by observing the increase in absorbance at 234 nm due to the formation of the product 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid.The extracts were also tested for the presence of terpenoids,saponins,tannins,flavonoids,steroids,phenolic compounds,alkaloids and cardiac glycosides.Results:All the extracts inhibited the action of 15-lipoxygenase at a concentration of 0.2μg/mL.T.fluminensis and Tradescantia zebrina exhibited higher than 50%inhibition with T.fluminensis at 87.2%.T.fluminensis was partitioned with ethyl acetate and hexane and their IC_(50)values were determined at 8.72μg/mL and 98.04μg/mL,respectively.Conclusions:T.fluminensis is a potentially good source of 15-lipoxygenase inhibitors.
基金National Health Commission Research Fund,No.WKJ-ZJ-2342National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81900583Science and Technology Plan Project of Wenzhou,No.Y20180103.
文摘BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis(AP),the initially triggered inflammatory process in the pancreas,can be life-threatening.It has been reported that 15-lipoxygenase may promote the removal of damaged intracellular components,maintain intracellular homeostasis,and promote apoptosis by upregulating the activity of caspases.Despite an increased understanding of the lipoxygenase pathway in inflammation and immune diseases,the role of the Alox15 gene product in modulating the inflammatory changes during AP is not well defined.AIM To investigate the effect of Alox15 expression in cerulein-induced AP in rats.METHODS Model rats were transfected with Alox15 by injecting a recombinant lentivirus vector encoding Alox15 into the left gastric artery before inducing AP.The expression of Alox15 was then assessed at the mRNA and protein levels.RESULTS Our in vivo results showed that serum amylase activity and pancreatic tissue water content were significantly reduced in Alox15-transfected rats.Further,the mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha,interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,as well as the protein expression of nuclear factor kappa B in pancreatic tissue were reduced.Additionally,we observed an upregulation of cleaved caspase-3 that implies an induction of apoptosis in pancreatic cells.The transfection of Alox15 resulted in a lower number of autophagic vacuoles in AP.CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate a regulatory role of Alox15 in apoptosis and autophagy,making it a potential therapeutic target for AP.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81671188)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LY12H31010)Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City Project(20090233T12)
文摘Brian ischemic injury and central neurodegenerative diseases as leading contributors to disability and death have become a majorclinical and public health concern worldwide.Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathological progression of cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson disease(PD).Therefore,it is important to find effective therapeutic targets to attenuate inflammation and delay the progression of brain injury.Cysteinyl leukotrienes(CysLTs) are potent inflammatory mediators synthesized from arachidonic acid by 5-lipoxygenase(5-LOX) in the central nervous system.Two distinct G-protein-coupled receptors,CysLT1 R and CysLT2 R,mediate most of the known CysLTs biological responses.Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that postischemic inflammation and neuronal loss are mediated by 5-LOX and CysLTRs fol owing focal cerebral ischemia.We recently reported that the expression of 5-LOX,CysLT1R and inflammatory vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) was upregulated in the hippocampus of rats with transient global cerebral ischemia,which was closely associated with delayed neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 area.5-LOX inhibitor zileuton,CysLT1R antagonist ONO-1078 and montelukast dose-dependently reduced hippocampal CA1 neuronal death and inhibited the increased expression of 5-LOX and VCAM-1.In vitro ischemia-like injury in 5-LOXtransfected PC12 cells,oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD) induced cell death mediated by5-LOX via ROS/P38 MAPK pathway.The nonselective 5-LOX inhibitor caffeic acid inhibited OGDstimulated activation of 5-LOX and ROS/P38 MAPK signaling and improved neuronal survival.In PD model,high concentrations of rotenone caused directly PC12 neurotoxicity,which was modulated by 5-LOX and abolished by suppression of 5-LOX.It is well known that microglia is major modulators of inflammatory response after brain injury.Overactivated microglia and production of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α contribute to the neuroinflammation and brain injury.5-LOX,CysLT1R and CysLT2R are involved in microglial activation and resultant neurotoxic responses.It has been found that low concentrations of rotenone can activate 5-LOX and CysLT1R on microglial cells to enhance microglial inflammation and microglia-dependent neuronal death in vitro.5-LOX inhibitor zileuton and CysLT1R antagonist montelukast protected neurons from microglia-dependent rotenone neurotoxicity.Furthermore,lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced microglial activation and microglial neurotoxicity mediated by CysLT2R in vitro.Both pharmacological blockade(CysLT2R antagonist HAMI3379) and RNA interference(specific short hairpin RNA) of CysLT2 R significantly attenuated LPS-triggered microglial inflammation and subsequent neuronal death.Collectively,the present results indicate the role of 5-LOX and CysLTRs in neuroinflammation and brain injury.Modulation of 5-LOX and CysLTRs may be potential therapeutic approaches for inflammation-related brain disorders such as cerebral ischemia and PD.However,further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying the regulation of neuinflammatory processes by 5-LOX and CysLTRs.
基金The project supported National Natural Science Foundation of China(81273491)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LY12H31010)
文摘OBJECTIVE Previously we demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of 5-lipoxygenase(5-LOX)inhibitor as well as cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1(Cys LT1)antagoniston rotenone-induced microglial activation and neuronal death.In this study,we determined the effects of 5-LOX inhibitor zileuton and Cys LT1 antagonist montelukast on neurotoxicity induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine(MPP+)in an in vitro model of Parkinson disease(PD).METHODS The neurotoxicity of MPP+,a neurotoxin relevant to PD,on the PC12 cells was measured by MTT assay,lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)release and double fluorescence staining with Hoechst/propidiumiodide(PI).The protective effects of 5-LOX inhibitor zileuton and Cys LT1 antagonist montelukast were investigated by the above methods.RESULTS We found that exposure of PC12 cells to MPP+led to a reduced cell viability and an increased level of LDH in a concentration-dependent manner.Pretreatment with zileuton and montelukast significantly attenuated viability loss and LDH release in MPP+-treated PC12 cells.Furthermore,MPP+increasednecrotic cell death in PC12 cells.Administration of montelukast significantly decreased MPP+-induced cell necrosis in PC12 cells.CONCLUSION The 5-LOX inhibitor zileuton and Cys LT1 antagonist montelukast have a neuroprotective effects on MPP+-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells.The 5-LOX inhibitor and Cys LT1 antagonist might raise a possibility as potential therapeutic agent for PD and other inflammation-related the central nervous system disorders.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30672211
文摘A preliminary study has found that the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, caffeic acid, has a marked protective effect on acute brain injury induced by intracerebroventricular microinjection of aluminum. In this experiment, chronic brain injury and neuronal degeneration model was established in rats by chronic oral administration of aluminum, and then intervened using caffeic acid. Results showed that caffeic acid can downregulate chronic aluminum overload-induced 5-1ipoxygenase mRNA and protein expression, and repair the aluminum overload-induced hippocampal neuronal damage and spatial orientation impairment. It is suggested that direct intervention of 5-lipoxygenase expression has a neuroprotective role in the degeneration induced by chronic aluminum overload brain injury model.
文摘Objective Increased transcytosis of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)across the endothelium and oxidation of LDL deposited within the subendothelial space are crucial early events in atherogenesis. C1q/TNF-related protein (CTRP) 5 is a novel secreted glycoprotein and its biological functions are largely undefined.
文摘Arachidonic acid-metabolizing enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) produces pro-inflammatory mediators:leukotrienes (including cysteinyl leukotrienes, CysLTs). 5-LOX and CysLTs are involved in the pathophysiological process after brain injury, and the actions of CysLTs are mediated via activation of their receptors, CysLT1 and CysLT2. We have recently reported the expressions of 5-LOX, CysLT1 and CysLT2 in human brains with traumatic injury and tumors, and short-term neuroprotective effects of Cys-LT1 antagonists in stroke models of rats and mice.
文摘5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) is a key enzyme of arachidonic acid metabolism. The metabolites, leuklotrienes, are important mediators in asthma, inflammatory and allergic disorders. The activation of 5-LO includes the gathering of 5-LO,adhering onto the membranes of nuclei and entrance to the nuclei. In the central nervous system, 5-LO is widely
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81473369)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC1702703)Jinan City Science and Technology SMES Innovation Ability Improvement Project,“Traditional Chinese Medicine Digital Humanities Youth Innovation Team”of College and University in Shandong Province(No.2023RW093)。
文摘Objective:To explore the potential mechanism of lysionotin in treating glioma.Methods:First,target prediction based on Bernoulli Naïve Bayes profiling and pathway enrichment was used to predict the biological activity of lysionotin.The binding between 5-lipoxygenase(5-LO)and lysionotin was detected by surface plasmon resonance(SPR)and molecular docking,and the inhibitory effects of lysionotin on 5-LO and proliferation of glioma were determined using enzyme inhibition assay in vitro and cell viability analysis,respectively.Furthermore,the pharmaceutical effect of lysionotin was explored by cell survival rate analysis and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).The protein expression,intracellular calcium ion concentration and cytoskeleton detection were revealed by Western blot,flow cytometry and fluorescence labeling,respectively.Results:Target prediction and pathway enrichment revealed that lysionotin inhibited 5-LO,a key enzyme involved in the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway,to inhibit the proliferation of glioma.Molecular docking results demonstrated that 5-LO can be binding to lysionotin through hydrogen bonds,forming bonds with His600,Gln557,Asn554,and His372.SPR analysis further confirmed the interaction between 5-LO and lysionotin.Furthermore,enzyme inhibition assay in vitro and cell survival rate analysis revealed that 50%inhibition concentration of lysionotin and the median effective concentration of lysionotin were 90 and 16.58µmol/L,respectively,and the results of LC-MS/MS showed that lysionotin inhibited the production of 5S-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid(P<0.05),and moreover,the LC-MS/MS results indicated that lysionotin can enter glioma cells well(P<0.01)and inhibit their proliferation.Western blot analysis demonstrated that lysionotin can inhibit the expression of 5-LO(P<0.05)and downstream leukotriene B4 receptor(P<0.01).In addition,the results showed that lysionotin affected intracellular calcium ion concentration by inhibiting 5-LO to affect the cytoskeleton,as determined by flow cytometry and fluorescence labeling.Conclusion:Lysionotin binds to 5-LO could suppress glioma by inhibiting arachiodonic acid metabolism pathway.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.81100101 and No.81270212）,Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province （No.S2013010014011）,Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province （No.B2011085）,Yat-sen Scholarship for Young Scientist of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital,Young Teacher Support Project,and Young Teacher Key Support Project of Sun Yat-sen University.
文摘Background Atherosclerosis is a kind of disease with multiple risk factors,of which hyperlipidemia is a major classical risk factor resulting in its pathogenesis and development.The aim of this study was to determine the effects of short-term intensive atorvastatin （IA） therapy on vascular endothelial function and explore the possible mechanisms that may help to explain the clinical benefits from short-term intensive statin therapy.Methods After exposure to high-fat diet （HFD） for 8 weeks,the animals were,respectively,treated with IA or low-dose atorvastatin （LA） for 5 days.Blood lipids,C-reactive protein （CRP）,tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）,interleukin-6 （IL-6）,nitric oxide （NO）,endothelin-1 （ET-1）,and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation function were,respectively,measured.mRNA and protein expression of CRP,TNF-α,IL-6,macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1）,and 5-lipoxygenase （5-LO） were also evaluated in pericarotid adipose tissue （PCAT） and cultured adipocytes.Results HFD increased serum inflammatory factor levels; induced significant hyperlipidemia and endothelial dysfunction,including imbalance between NO and ET-1; enhanced inflammatory factors and 5-LO expression; and promoted macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue.Five-day IA therapy could significantly decrease serum inflammatory factor levels and their expression in PCAT; restore the balance between NO and ET-1; and improve endothelial function and macrophage infiltration without significant changes in blood lipids.However,all of the above were not observed in LA therapy.In vitro experiment found that lipopolysaccharide （LPS） enhanced the expression of inflammatory factors and 5-LO in cultured adipocytes,which could be attenuated by short-time （6 hours） treatment of high-dose （5 pmol/L） but not low-dose （0.5 μmol/L） atorvastatin.In addition,inhibiting 5-LO by Cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-α-cyanocinnamate （CDC,a potent and direct 5-LO inhibitor） could significantly downregulate the above-mentioned gene expression in LPS-treated adipocytes.Conclusion Short-term IA therapy could significantly ameliorate endothelial dysfunction induced by HFD,which may be partly due to attenuating inflammation of PCAT through inhibiting 5-LO pathway.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.91229204 and 81220108025)Major Project of Chinese National Programs for Fundamental Research and Development(No.2015CB910304)+2 种基金National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2012AA020302)National Basic Research Program of China(No.2012CB518005)National S&T Major Projects(Nos.2012ZX09103101-072,2014ZX09507002-001,and 2013ZX09507-001)
文摘Human 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is a well-validated drug target and its inhibitors are potential drugs for treating leukotriene-related disorders. Our previous work on structural optimization of the hit compound 2 from our in-house collection identified two lead compounds, 3a and 3b, exhibiting a potent inhibitory profile against 5-LOX with IC50 values less than 1 mu mol/L in cell-based assays. Here, we further optimized these compounds to prepare a class of novel pyrazole derivatives by opening the fused ring system. Several new compounds exhibited more potent inhibitory activity than the lead compounds against 5-LOX. In particular, compound 4e not only suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in brain inflammatory cells and protected neurons from oxidative toxicity, but also significantly decreased infarct damage in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia. Molecular docking analysis further confirmed the consistency of our theoretical results and experimental data. In conclusion, the excellent in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activities of these compounds against 5-LOX suggested that these novel chemical structures have a promising therapeutic potential to treat leukotriene-related disorders. (C) 2016 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.
