Power generators and chemical engineering compressors include heavy and large centrifugal impellers. To produce these impellers in high-speed machining, a 4?-axis milling machine(or a 4-axis machine plus an indexing t...Power generators and chemical engineering compressors include heavy and large centrifugal impellers. To produce these impellers in high-speed machining, a 4?-axis milling machine(or a 4-axis machine plus an indexing table) is often used in the industry, which is more rigid than a5-axis milling machine. Since impeller blades are designed with complex B-spline surfaces and impeller channels spaces vary significantly, it is more efficient to use multiple cutters as large as possible to cut a channel in sections and a blade surface in patches, instead of only using a small cutter to machine a whole blade and a channel. Unfortunately, no approach has been established to automatically calculate the largest diameters of cutters and their paths, which include the indexing table angles. To address this problem, an automated and optimization approach is proposed. Based on the structure of a 4?-axis machine, a geometric model for a cutter gouging/interfering the impeller is formulated, and an optimization model of the cutter diameter in terms of the indexing table angle is established at a cutter contact(CC) point on a blade surface. Then, the diameters of the tools,their orientations, and the indexing table angles are optimized, and each tool's paths are generated for machining its corresponding impeller section. As a test, an impeller is efficiently machined with these tools section by section; thus, this approach is valid. It can be directly used in the industry to improve efficiency of machining centrifugal impellers.展开更多
为降低Li_(1+x)Al_(x)Ti_(2-x)(PO_(4))_(3)(LATP)电解质膜与锂金属负极之间的界面阻抗,抑制LATP与锂金属之间的副反应以及锂枝晶的生长,提高LATP电解质膜的性能,使用PVDF对LATP基电解质膜界面进行修饰,并研究其电化学性能。将LATP陶瓷...为降低Li_(1+x)Al_(x)Ti_(2-x)(PO_(4))_(3)(LATP)电解质膜与锂金属负极之间的界面阻抗,抑制LATP与锂金属之间的副反应以及锂枝晶的生长,提高LATP电解质膜的性能,使用PVDF对LATP基电解质膜界面进行修饰,并研究其电化学性能。将LATP陶瓷粉末与聚氧化乙烯、LIFSI混合均匀后浇筑成膜,将PVDF溶液均匀涂覆在电解质膜表面,干燥得到修饰后的电解质膜。通过电化学实验、充放电实验、表面表征等方法,研究PVDF修饰后电解质膜的性能。结果显示,PVDF影响了LATP的晶体结构,优化了锂离子迁移通道。修饰后电解质膜的室温离子电导率提升,室温下电化学窗口由3.74 V增加到4.10 V,锂离子迁移数由0.915提升到0.978,组装锂金属对称电池在0.05 m A/cm^(2)电流密度下的循环时间从45 h提升到280 h以上,有效抑制了锂枝晶的生长,提升了电解质膜与锂金属界面稳定性。在电流密度0.025、0.050、0.100、0.200 m A/cm^(2)下的极化电压分别为27、60、110、220 m V。在LFP|SSCEs-1|Li全电池中循环超过25圈后形成了良好的SEI界面。从第25圈到第100圈容量保持率为87%,库仑效率始终保持在95%以上。PVDF修饰层提升了LATP电解质膜的电化学性能以及和锂金属界面的稳定性,对全固态锂电池的应用具有积极意义。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51475328)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2015ZX04001202)
文摘Power generators and chemical engineering compressors include heavy and large centrifugal impellers. To produce these impellers in high-speed machining, a 4?-axis milling machine(or a 4-axis machine plus an indexing table) is often used in the industry, which is more rigid than a5-axis milling machine. Since impeller blades are designed with complex B-spline surfaces and impeller channels spaces vary significantly, it is more efficient to use multiple cutters as large as possible to cut a channel in sections and a blade surface in patches, instead of only using a small cutter to machine a whole blade and a channel. Unfortunately, no approach has been established to automatically calculate the largest diameters of cutters and their paths, which include the indexing table angles. To address this problem, an automated and optimization approach is proposed. Based on the structure of a 4?-axis machine, a geometric model for a cutter gouging/interfering the impeller is formulated, and an optimization model of the cutter diameter in terms of the indexing table angle is established at a cutter contact(CC) point on a blade surface. Then, the diameters of the tools,their orientations, and the indexing table angles are optimized, and each tool's paths are generated for machining its corresponding impeller section. As a test, an impeller is efficiently machined with these tools section by section; thus, this approach is valid. It can be directly used in the industry to improve efficiency of machining centrifugal impellers.
文摘为降低Li_(1+x)Al_(x)Ti_(2-x)(PO_(4))_(3)(LATP)电解质膜与锂金属负极之间的界面阻抗,抑制LATP与锂金属之间的副反应以及锂枝晶的生长,提高LATP电解质膜的性能,使用PVDF对LATP基电解质膜界面进行修饰,并研究其电化学性能。将LATP陶瓷粉末与聚氧化乙烯、LIFSI混合均匀后浇筑成膜,将PVDF溶液均匀涂覆在电解质膜表面,干燥得到修饰后的电解质膜。通过电化学实验、充放电实验、表面表征等方法,研究PVDF修饰后电解质膜的性能。结果显示,PVDF影响了LATP的晶体结构,优化了锂离子迁移通道。修饰后电解质膜的室温离子电导率提升,室温下电化学窗口由3.74 V增加到4.10 V,锂离子迁移数由0.915提升到0.978,组装锂金属对称电池在0.05 m A/cm^(2)电流密度下的循环时间从45 h提升到280 h以上,有效抑制了锂枝晶的生长,提升了电解质膜与锂金属界面稳定性。在电流密度0.025、0.050、0.100、0.200 m A/cm^(2)下的极化电压分别为27、60、110、220 m V。在LFP|SSCEs-1|Li全电池中循环超过25圈后形成了良好的SEI界面。从第25圈到第100圈容量保持率为87%,库仑效率始终保持在95%以上。PVDF修饰层提升了LATP电解质膜的电化学性能以及和锂金属界面的稳定性,对全固态锂电池的应用具有积极意义。
