风云四号B星(FY-4B)是中国最新一代的静止轨道气象卫星,其资料具有更高的时空分辨率。为了进一步推进FY-4B云导风资料在数值模式中的应用,以FY-4B云导风资料为主要研究对象,结合FY-4A云导风资料进行对比,首先分析了其观测误差的垂直分...风云四号B星(FY-4B)是中国最新一代的静止轨道气象卫星,其资料具有更高的时空分辨率。为了进一步推进FY-4B云导风资料在数值模式中的应用,以FY-4B云导风资料为主要研究对象,结合FY-4A云导风资料进行对比,首先分析了其观测误差的垂直分布情况,以此更新WRFDA(Weather Research and Forecasting model Data Assimilation system)同化系统中默认观测误差,随后进一步探究了云导风资料同化对2022年台风“梅花”的预报影响。研究结果表明:FY-4B云导风资料U、V分量的观测误差整体上小于FY-4A;同化FY-4A云导风资料后,模拟的台风路径逐渐偏西;而同化FY-4B云导风资料使得台风中心动力场信息更加完善,分析场对流层中高层西风增强,预报的台风路径更接近实况;相较于同化FY-4A云导风资料,同化FY-4B云导风资料对降水预报的改善效果更好。展开更多
Background Copper(Cu)is a pervasive environmental pollutant with significant hepatotoxic effects in animals.The endoplasmic reticulum(ER)interacts closely with lysosomes to maintain intracellular homeostasis.However,t...Background Copper(Cu)is a pervasive environmental pollutant with significant hepatotoxic effects in animals.The endoplasmic reticulum(ER)interacts closely with lysosomes to maintain intracellular homeostasis.However,the role and mechanism of ER-lysosome crosstalk in Cu-induced liver injury in ducks remains unclear.To investigate this,we established both an in vivo model of Cu-exposed ducks and an in vitro model of duck hepatocytes,and added baicalin(Ba)to further explore its protective effects.Results The results of this study demonstrated that exposure to Cu resulted in vacuolar degeneration and oxidative stress in duck hepatocytes,while ultrastructural observations revealed ER swelling and an increased number of autophagic lysosomes.Furthermore,Cu exposure significantly upregulated mRNA and protein levels related to ER stress,autophagy,and lysosomal membrane factors.It also markedly increased ER-lysosomal co-localization.Further experiments showed that knockdown of LAPTM4B significantly attenuated Cu-induced ER autophagy and reduced ER-lysosomal co-localization in hepatocytes.Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that LAPTM4B has a stable binding site to Ba;in vitro experiments demonstrated that Ba could effectively alleviate Cuinduced ER-lysosome crosstalk in duck hepatocytes and reduce hepatocyte injury by targeting LAPTM4B;additionally,in vivo experiments showed that Ba significantly inhibits Cu-induced liver injury in ducks.Conclusions In summary,the present study demonstrates that Cu exposure disrupts ER-lysosomal crosstalk in duck liver,leading to ER-lysosomal damage and subsequent hepatocyte injury.In contrast,Ba alleviates this injury by selectively targeting LAPTM4B,ultimately attenuating Cu-induced hepatotoxicity.展开更多
目的探讨有氧运动(aerobic exercise,AE)通过上调带电多囊泡体蛋白4B(charged multivesicular body protein 4B,CHMP4B)改善阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)小鼠细胞焦亡及炎症反应的机制。方法生物信息学分析GSE48350数据库...目的探讨有氧运动(aerobic exercise,AE)通过上调带电多囊泡体蛋白4B(charged multivesicular body protein 4B,CHMP4B)改善阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)小鼠细胞焦亡及炎症反应的机制。方法生物信息学分析GSE48350数据库(AD患者,n=80;对照组,n=173)中的焦亡基因表达。8月龄MAPT P301L转基因小鼠接受8周跑步机有氧运动训练,分为对照组(WT)、模型组(MAPT)和有氧运动组(MAPT+AE),每组10只。RT-qPCR检测海马组织炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α及TGF-β的mRNA水平,免疫印迹(Western blot,WB)检测CHMP4B及焦亡通路关键蛋白NLRP3、ASC、GSDMD-N的表达。此外,基于GSE110298数据库评估运动训练对AD患者海马CHMP4B mRNA的影响。并通过脑立体定向注射AAV-CHMP4B至MAPT小鼠海马,分为WT+Vector、WT+CHMP4B、MAPT+Vector、MAPT+CHMP4B组,检测CHMP4B、焦亡相关蛋白及炎症因子水平。结果GSE48350分析显示AD患者脑组织中CHMP4B水平显著下降,且与细胞焦亡及炎症相关。RT-qPCR结果显示,与WT组相比,MAPT组促炎因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α表达升高(P<0.05),而抗炎因子TGF-β显著降低(P<0.05);MAPT+AE组促炎因子水平降低,抗炎因子水平升高(P<0.05)。WB结果显示,MAPT组小鼠NLRP3、ASC、GSDMD-N蛋白水平升高,而MAPT+AE组显著抑制其表达(P<0.05)。AE上调CHMP4B水平,AAV-CHMP4B过表达实验进一步证实,其过表达可显著抑制MAPT小鼠焦亡通路关键蛋白及炎症因子的表达(P<0.05)。结论有氧运动通过上调CHMP4B水平,抑制MAPT P301L小鼠细胞焦亡及炎症因子释放改善神经炎症。展开更多
Although the Chinese new-generation Fengyun-4B(FY-4B) geostationary satellite Atmospheric Motion Vector(AMV) products became operational in June 2022, their accuracy and utility remain largely unexamined. This study c...Although the Chinese new-generation Fengyun-4B(FY-4B) geostationary satellite Atmospheric Motion Vector(AMV) products became operational in June 2022, their accuracy and utility remain largely unexamined. This study comprehensively evaluates FY-4B AMV products for August and October 2023, as well as January and April 2024,exploring their application in monitoring the South China Sea Summer Monsoon(SCSSM) onset. The results indicate that AMV products derived from the upper-level water vapor absorption channel(AMV_WV) and the infrared channel(AMV_IR) demonstrate high accuracy when compared with ERA5 reanalysis data. The root mean square error(RMSE) is mostly between 4.5 m s^(–1)and 6.4 m s^(–1), with coefficients of determination(R2) values ranging from 0.7 to 0.8, indicating the overall reliability of FY-4B AMVs. The observation errors of AMVs exhibit significant vertical structure characteristics. Specifically, the AMV_WV products demonstrate superior accuracy above 350 h Pa, while the AMV_IR products exhibit reduced errors in the layers between 200–500 h Pa and 700–950 h Pa. Spatially, most areas exhibit low observation errors for AMVs, while clear-sky weather and deep convective cloud systems can increase errors. A lack of clouds or water vapor may reduce the number of observation samples in some areas, leading to unstable RMSE performance, which is particularly evident for AMV_WV RMSE around 25°–30°N in January and near 25°S in August. Deep convective cloud systems can influence AMV retrieval results, leading to systematic observation errors, especially for the infrared channel.Additionally, AMV_WV is more reliable during the daytime, with a lower RMSE compared to nighttime, while AMV_IR exhibits a diverging diurnal variation pattern. Finally, the FY-4B AMV_WV products were applied to monitor the SCSSM event in 2024. Significant zonal wind direction reversal characteristics were observed in key regions around the onset date,indicating that AMVs can serve as effective indicators for monitoring the SCSSM onset.展开更多
文摘风云四号B星(FY-4B)是中国最新一代的静止轨道气象卫星,其资料具有更高的时空分辨率。为了进一步推进FY-4B云导风资料在数值模式中的应用,以FY-4B云导风资料为主要研究对象,结合FY-4A云导风资料进行对比,首先分析了其观测误差的垂直分布情况,以此更新WRFDA(Weather Research and Forecasting model Data Assimilation system)同化系统中默认观测误差,随后进一步探究了云导风资料同化对2022年台风“梅花”的预报影响。研究结果表明:FY-4B云导风资料U、V分量的观测误差整体上小于FY-4A;同化FY-4A云导风资料后,模拟的台风路径逐渐偏西;而同化FY-4B云导风资料使得台风中心动力场信息更加完善,分析场对流层中高层西风增强,预报的台风路径更接近实况;相较于同化FY-4A云导风资料,同化FY-4B云导风资料对降水预报的改善效果更好。
基金supported by the program of Introduce and cultivate high-level innovative and entrepreneurial personnel:Thousand Talents Program of Jiangxi province(jxsg2023201121)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32460908)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi province(20232ACB215004).
文摘Background Copper(Cu)is a pervasive environmental pollutant with significant hepatotoxic effects in animals.The endoplasmic reticulum(ER)interacts closely with lysosomes to maintain intracellular homeostasis.However,the role and mechanism of ER-lysosome crosstalk in Cu-induced liver injury in ducks remains unclear.To investigate this,we established both an in vivo model of Cu-exposed ducks and an in vitro model of duck hepatocytes,and added baicalin(Ba)to further explore its protective effects.Results The results of this study demonstrated that exposure to Cu resulted in vacuolar degeneration and oxidative stress in duck hepatocytes,while ultrastructural observations revealed ER swelling and an increased number of autophagic lysosomes.Furthermore,Cu exposure significantly upregulated mRNA and protein levels related to ER stress,autophagy,and lysosomal membrane factors.It also markedly increased ER-lysosomal co-localization.Further experiments showed that knockdown of LAPTM4B significantly attenuated Cu-induced ER autophagy and reduced ER-lysosomal co-localization in hepatocytes.Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that LAPTM4B has a stable binding site to Ba;in vitro experiments demonstrated that Ba could effectively alleviate Cuinduced ER-lysosome crosstalk in duck hepatocytes and reduce hepatocyte injury by targeting LAPTM4B;additionally,in vivo experiments showed that Ba significantly inhibits Cu-induced liver injury in ducks.Conclusions In summary,the present study demonstrates that Cu exposure disrupts ER-lysosomal crosstalk in duck liver,leading to ER-lysosomal damage and subsequent hepatocyte injury.In contrast,Ba alleviates this injury by selectively targeting LAPTM4B,ultimately attenuating Cu-induced hepatotoxicity.
基金Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (2023B1212060019)Natural Science Foundation of China (42175086)Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)(SML2023SP208)。
文摘Although the Chinese new-generation Fengyun-4B(FY-4B) geostationary satellite Atmospheric Motion Vector(AMV) products became operational in June 2022, their accuracy and utility remain largely unexamined. This study comprehensively evaluates FY-4B AMV products for August and October 2023, as well as January and April 2024,exploring their application in monitoring the South China Sea Summer Monsoon(SCSSM) onset. The results indicate that AMV products derived from the upper-level water vapor absorption channel(AMV_WV) and the infrared channel(AMV_IR) demonstrate high accuracy when compared with ERA5 reanalysis data. The root mean square error(RMSE) is mostly between 4.5 m s^(–1)and 6.4 m s^(–1), with coefficients of determination(R2) values ranging from 0.7 to 0.8, indicating the overall reliability of FY-4B AMVs. The observation errors of AMVs exhibit significant vertical structure characteristics. Specifically, the AMV_WV products demonstrate superior accuracy above 350 h Pa, while the AMV_IR products exhibit reduced errors in the layers between 200–500 h Pa and 700–950 h Pa. Spatially, most areas exhibit low observation errors for AMVs, while clear-sky weather and deep convective cloud systems can increase errors. A lack of clouds or water vapor may reduce the number of observation samples in some areas, leading to unstable RMSE performance, which is particularly evident for AMV_WV RMSE around 25°–30°N in January and near 25°S in August. Deep convective cloud systems can influence AMV retrieval results, leading to systematic observation errors, especially for the infrared channel.Additionally, AMV_WV is more reliable during the daytime, with a lower RMSE compared to nighttime, while AMV_IR exhibits a diverging diurnal variation pattern. Finally, the FY-4B AMV_WV products were applied to monitor the SCSSM event in 2024. Significant zonal wind direction reversal characteristics were observed in key regions around the onset date,indicating that AMVs can serve as effective indicators for monitoring the SCSSM onset.
