This paper presents an inexpensive method for self-similarity based editing of real-world 3D surface textures by using height and albedo maps. Unlike self-similarity based 2D texture editing approaches which only make...This paper presents an inexpensive method for self-similarity based editing of real-world 3D surface textures by using height and albedo maps. Unlike self-similarity based 2D texture editing approaches which only make changes to pixel color or inten- sity values, this technique also allows surface geometry and reflectance of the captured 3D surface textures to be edited and relit us- ing illumination conditions and viewing angles that differ from those of the original. A single editing operation at a given location affects all similar areas and produces changes on all images of the sample rendered under different conditions. Since surface height and albedo maps can be used to describe seabed topography and geologic features, which play important roles in many oceanic proc- esses, the proposed method can be effectively employed in applications regarding visualization and simulation of oceanic phenom- ena.展开更多
Background:Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide(APOBEC),an endogenous mutator,induces DNA damage and activates the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related(ATR)-checkpoint kinase 1(Chk1)pathway.Although c...Background:Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide(APOBEC),an endogenous mutator,induces DNA damage and activates the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related(ATR)-checkpoint kinase 1(Chk1)pathway.Although cisplatin-based therapy is the mainstay for muscle-invasive bladder cancer(MIBC),it has a poor survival rate.Therefore,this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an ATR inhibitor combined with cisplatin in the treatment of APOBEC catalytic subunit 3B(APOBEC3B)expressing MIBC.Methods:Immunohistochemical staining was performed to analyze an association between APOBEC3B and ATR in patients with MIBC.The APOBEC3B expression in MIBC cell lines was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis.Western blot analysis was performed to confirm differences in phosphorylated Chk1(pChk1)expression according to the APOBEC3B expression.Cell viability and apoptosis analyses were performed to examine the anti-tumor activity of ATR inhibitors combined with cisplatin.Results:There was a significant association between APOBEC3B and ATR expression in the tumor tissues obtained from patients with MIBC.Cells with higher APOBEC3B expression showed higher pChk1 expression than cells expressing low APOBEC3B levels.Combination treatment of ATR inhibitor and cisplatin inhibited cell growth in MIBC cells with a higher APOBEC3B expression.Compared to cisplatin single treatment,combination treatment induced more apoptotic cell death in the cells with higher APOBEC3B expression.Conclusion:Our study shows that APOBEC3B’s higher expression status can enhance the sensitivity of MIBC to cisplatin upon ATR inhibition.This result provides new insight into appropriate patient selection for the effective application of ATR inhibitors in MIBC.展开更多
The efficiency of plant cytidine base-editing systems is limited, and unwanted mutations frequently occur in transgenic plants. We increased the cytidine editing frequency and fidelity of the plant base editor 3(BE3) ...The efficiency of plant cytidine base-editing systems is limited, and unwanted mutations frequently occur in transgenic plants. We increased the cytidine editing frequency and fidelity of the plant base editor 3(BE3) and targeted activation-induced cytidine deaminase(CDA)(target-AID) systems by coexpressing three copies of free uracil–DNA glycosylase(UDG) inhibitor(UGI). The editing efficiency of the improved BE3 and CDA systems reached as high as 88.9% and 85.7%, respectively, in regenerated rice plants, with a very low frequency of unwanted mutations. The low editing frequency of the BE3 system in the GC context could be overcome by the modified CDA system. These results provide a highfidelity and high-efficiency solution for rice genomic base editing.展开更多
This paper is to analyze the differences between the 3rd edition and 4th edition of Oxford Advanced Learner's English- Chinese Dictionary (hereafter referred to as ALECD3 and ALECD4). By making comparison between ...This paper is to analyze the differences between the 3rd edition and 4th edition of Oxford Advanced Learner's English- Chinese Dictionary (hereafter referred to as ALECD3 and ALECD4). By making comparison between the two dictionaries in the learner's and compiler's perspectives, it high-lights the priority of the 4th edition in content and compilation. Following a brief introduction in Part 1, Part 2 examines the innovations the 3rd edition has made in verb-pattern scheme, compounds, entries, examples, adjectives and appendices from the learner's perspective. Part3 holds a theoretical discussion of prescription and description in the 4th edition.展开更多
An expedient organophosphine-mediated skeletal editing of benzodithiol-3-ones is demonstrated herein,which represents the first example for metal-free transformations of benzodithiol-3-ones via S-to-C atom swap.This u...An expedient organophosphine-mediated skeletal editing of benzodithiol-3-ones is demonstrated herein,which represents the first example for metal-free transformations of benzodithiol-3-ones via S-to-C atom swap.This unprecedented formal[4+1]cycloadditions of benzodithiol-3-ones andα-halocarbonyls enable divergent synthesis of diverse 3-hydroxybenzo[b]thiophenes and benzo[b]thiophen-3(2H)-ones.展开更多
One of the most profound goals of modern organic chemistry is to enrich synthetic method and compound library serving as the foundation of pharmaceutical and material sciences.Meanwhile,the synthesis of structurally c...One of the most profound goals of modern organic chemistry is to enrich synthetic method and compound library serving as the foundation of pharmaceutical and material sciences.Meanwhile,the synthesis of structurally complex compounds necessitates tedious multistep procedures.This is certainly not in line with the requirements of green chemistry.Therefore,there is a strong impetus for the development of more concise and sustainable approaches to obtaining such compounds.So far,a number of state-of-the-art strategies for this purpose have been developed.展开更多
The development of a single and multiplex gene editing system is highly desirable for either functional genomics or pyramiding beneficial alleles in crop improvement.CRISPR/Cas12i3,which belongs to the ClassⅡTypeⅤ-...The development of a single and multiplex gene editing system is highly desirable for either functional genomics or pyramiding beneficial alleles in crop improvement.CRISPR/Cas12i3,which belongs to the ClassⅡTypeⅤ-ⅡCas system,has attracted extensive attention recently due to its smaller protein size and less restricted canonical"TTN"protospacer adjacent motif(PAM).However,due to its relatively lower editing efficiency,Cas12i3-mediated multiplex gene editing has not yet been documented in plants.Here,we fused four 5'exonucleases(Exo)including T5E,UL12,PapE,ME15 to the N terminal of an optimized Cas12i3 variant(Cas12i3-5M),respectively,and systematically evaluated the editing activities of these Exo:Cas12i3-5M fusions across six endogenous targets in rice stable lines.We demonstrated that the Exo:Cas12i3-5M fusions increased the gene editing efficiencies by up to 12.46-fold and 1.25-fold compared with Cas12i3 and Cas12i3-5M,respectively.Notably,the UL12:Cas12i3-5M fusion enabled robust single gene editing with editing efficiencies of up to 90.42%-98.61%across the six tested endogenous genes.We further demonstrated that,although all the Exo:Cas12i5-5M fusions were capable of multiplex gene editing,UL12:Cas12i3-5M exhibited a superior performance in the simultaneous editing of three,four,five or six genes with efficiencies of 82.76%,61.36%,52.94%,and 51.06%in rice stable lines,respectively.Together,we evaluated different Exo:Cas12i3-5M fusions systemically and established UL12:Cas12i3-5M as the more robust system for single and multiplex gene editing in rice.The development of an alternative robust single and multiplex gene editing system will enrich plant genome editing toolkits and facilitate pyramiding of agronomically important traits for crop improvement.展开更多
文摘This paper presents an inexpensive method for self-similarity based editing of real-world 3D surface textures by using height and albedo maps. Unlike self-similarity based 2D texture editing approaches which only make changes to pixel color or inten- sity values, this technique also allows surface geometry and reflectance of the captured 3D surface textures to be edited and relit us- ing illumination conditions and viewing angles that differ from those of the original. A single editing operation at a given location affects all similar areas and produces changes on all images of the sample rendered under different conditions. Since surface height and albedo maps can be used to describe seabed topography and geologic features, which play important roles in many oceanic proc- esses, the proposed method can be effectively employed in applications regarding visualization and simulation of oceanic phenom- ena.
基金supported by St.Vincent’s Hospital,the Research Institute of Medical Science(Grant Number:SVHR-2021-03).
文摘Background:Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide(APOBEC),an endogenous mutator,induces DNA damage and activates the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related(ATR)-checkpoint kinase 1(Chk1)pathway.Although cisplatin-based therapy is the mainstay for muscle-invasive bladder cancer(MIBC),it has a poor survival rate.Therefore,this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an ATR inhibitor combined with cisplatin in the treatment of APOBEC catalytic subunit 3B(APOBEC3B)expressing MIBC.Methods:Immunohistochemical staining was performed to analyze an association between APOBEC3B and ATR in patients with MIBC.The APOBEC3B expression in MIBC cell lines was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis.Western blot analysis was performed to confirm differences in phosphorylated Chk1(pChk1)expression according to the APOBEC3B expression.Cell viability and apoptosis analyses were performed to examine the anti-tumor activity of ATR inhibitors combined with cisplatin.Results:There was a significant association between APOBEC3B and ATR expression in the tumor tissues obtained from patients with MIBC.Cells with higher APOBEC3B expression showed higher pChk1 expression than cells expressing low APOBEC3B levels.Combination treatment of ATR inhibitor and cisplatin inhibited cell growth in MIBC cells with a higher APOBEC3B expression.Compared to cisplatin single treatment,combination treatment induced more apoptotic cell death in the cells with higher APOBEC3B expression.Conclusion:Our study shows that APOBEC3B’s higher expression status can enhance the sensitivity of MIBC to cisplatin upon ATR inhibition.This result provides new insight into appropriate patient selection for the effective application of ATR inhibitors in MIBC.
基金funded by the Genetically Modified Breeding Major Project(2016ZX08010-002-008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31701405)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,China(1708085QC60)。
文摘The efficiency of plant cytidine base-editing systems is limited, and unwanted mutations frequently occur in transgenic plants. We increased the cytidine editing frequency and fidelity of the plant base editor 3(BE3) and targeted activation-induced cytidine deaminase(CDA)(target-AID) systems by coexpressing three copies of free uracil–DNA glycosylase(UDG) inhibitor(UGI). The editing efficiency of the improved BE3 and CDA systems reached as high as 88.9% and 85.7%, respectively, in regenerated rice plants, with a very low frequency of unwanted mutations. The low editing frequency of the BE3 system in the GC context could be overcome by the modified CDA system. These results provide a highfidelity and high-efficiency solution for rice genomic base editing.
文摘This paper is to analyze the differences between the 3rd edition and 4th edition of Oxford Advanced Learner's English- Chinese Dictionary (hereafter referred to as ALECD3 and ALECD4). By making comparison between the two dictionaries in the learner's and compiler's perspectives, it high-lights the priority of the 4th edition in content and compilation. Following a brief introduction in Part 1, Part 2 examines the innovations the 3rd edition has made in verb-pattern scheme, compounds, entries, examples, adjectives and appendices from the learner's perspective. Part3 holds a theoretical discussion of prescription and description in the 4th edition.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22301072)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2024AFB822)+2 种基金Open Research Fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis&Reuse Technology(No.PA240209)Excellent Youth Innovation Team of Higher Education Institutions in Shandong Province(No.2024KJG030)the Special Fund Project for Guiding Local Science and Technology Development of Hubei Province by the Central Government(No.2024CsA097)are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘An expedient organophosphine-mediated skeletal editing of benzodithiol-3-ones is demonstrated herein,which represents the first example for metal-free transformations of benzodithiol-3-ones via S-to-C atom swap.This unprecedented formal[4+1]cycloadditions of benzodithiol-3-ones andα-halocarbonyls enable divergent synthesis of diverse 3-hydroxybenzo[b]thiophenes and benzo[b]thiophen-3(2H)-ones.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2004189)the Program for Science&Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province(24HASTIT069)+1 种基金NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug,Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation111 Project(D17007)for financial support.
文摘One of the most profound goals of modern organic chemistry is to enrich synthetic method and compound library serving as the foundation of pharmaceutical and material sciences.Meanwhile,the synthesis of structurally complex compounds necessitates tedious multistep procedures.This is certainly not in line with the requirements of green chemistry.Therefore,there is a strong impetus for the development of more concise and sustainable approaches to obtaining such compounds.So far,a number of state-of-the-art strategies for this purpose have been developed.
基金partly funded by the Biological Breeding-Major Projects(Grant No.2023ZD04074 to S.L.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32188102 to L.X.)+2 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFF1000204 to L.X)Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory(Grant No.B23CJ0208 to L.X.)the National Engineering Research Centre of Crop Molecular Breeding,and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32100328)。
文摘The development of a single and multiplex gene editing system is highly desirable for either functional genomics or pyramiding beneficial alleles in crop improvement.CRISPR/Cas12i3,which belongs to the ClassⅡTypeⅤ-ⅡCas system,has attracted extensive attention recently due to its smaller protein size and less restricted canonical"TTN"protospacer adjacent motif(PAM).However,due to its relatively lower editing efficiency,Cas12i3-mediated multiplex gene editing has not yet been documented in plants.Here,we fused four 5'exonucleases(Exo)including T5E,UL12,PapE,ME15 to the N terminal of an optimized Cas12i3 variant(Cas12i3-5M),respectively,and systematically evaluated the editing activities of these Exo:Cas12i3-5M fusions across six endogenous targets in rice stable lines.We demonstrated that the Exo:Cas12i3-5M fusions increased the gene editing efficiencies by up to 12.46-fold and 1.25-fold compared with Cas12i3 and Cas12i3-5M,respectively.Notably,the UL12:Cas12i3-5M fusion enabled robust single gene editing with editing efficiencies of up to 90.42%-98.61%across the six tested endogenous genes.We further demonstrated that,although all the Exo:Cas12i5-5M fusions were capable of multiplex gene editing,UL12:Cas12i3-5M exhibited a superior performance in the simultaneous editing of three,four,five or six genes with efficiencies of 82.76%,61.36%,52.94%,and 51.06%in rice stable lines,respectively.Together,we evaluated different Exo:Cas12i3-5M fusions systemically and established UL12:Cas12i3-5M as the more robust system for single and multiplex gene editing in rice.The development of an alternative robust single and multiplex gene editing system will enrich plant genome editing toolkits and facilitate pyramiding of agronomically important traits for crop improvement.
