High-density interconnect(HDI)soft electronics that can integrate multiple individual functions into one miniaturized monolithic system is promising for applications related to smart healthcare,soft robotics,and human...High-density interconnect(HDI)soft electronics that can integrate multiple individual functions into one miniaturized monolithic system is promising for applications related to smart healthcare,soft robotics,and human-machine interactions.However,despite the recent advances,the development of three-dimensional(3D)soft electronics with both high resolution and high integration is still challenging because of the lack of efficient manufacturing methods to guarantee interlayer alignment of the high-density vias and reliable interlayer electrical conductivity.Here,an advanced 3D laser printing pathway,based on femtosecond laser direct writing(FLDW),is demonstrated for preparing liquid metal(LM)-based any layer HDI soft electronics.FLDW technology,with the characteristics of high spatial resolution and high precision,allows the maskless fabrication of high-resolution embedded LM microchannels and high-density vertical interconnect accesses for 3D integrated circuits.High-aspect-ratio blind/through LM microstructures are formed inside the elastomer due to the supermetalphobicity induced during laser ablation.The LM-based HDI circuit featuring high resolution(~1.5μm)and high integration(10-layer electrical interconnection)is achieved for customized soft electronics,including various customized multilayer passive electric components,soft multilayer circuit,and cross-scale multimode sensors.The 3D laser printing method provides a versatile approach for developing chip-level soft electronics.展开更多
Additive manufacturing(AM)is a free-form technology that shows great potential in the integrated creation of three-dimensional(3D)electronics.However,the fabrication of 3D conformal circuits that fulfill the requireme...Additive manufacturing(AM)is a free-form technology that shows great potential in the integrated creation of three-dimensional(3D)electronics.However,the fabrication of 3D conformal circuits that fulfill the requirements of high service temperature,high conductivity and high resolution remains a challenge.In this paper,a hybrid AM method combining the fused deposition modeling(FDM)and hydrophobic treatment assisted laser activation metallization(LAM)was proposed for manufacturing the polyetheretherketone(PEEK)-based 3D electronics,by which the conformal copper patterns were deposited on the 3D-printed PEEK parts,and the adhesion between them reached the 5B high level.Moreover,the 3D components could support the thermal cycling test from-55℃ to 125℃ for more than 100 cycles.Particularly,the application of a hydrophobic coating on the FDM-printed PEEK before LAM can promote an ideal catalytic selectivity on its surface,not affected by the inevitable printing borders and pores in the FDM-printed parts,then making the resolution of the electroless plated copper lines improved significantly.In consequence,Cu lines with width and spacing of only60μm and 100μm were obtained on both as-printed and after-polished PEEK substrates.Finally,the potential of this technique to fabricate 3D conformal electronics was demonstrated.展开更多
Transition metal-nitrogen-carbon materials(M-N-Cs),particularly Fe-N-Cs,have been found to be electroactive for accelerating oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics.Although substantial efforts have been devoted to des...Transition metal-nitrogen-carbon materials(M-N-Cs),particularly Fe-N-Cs,have been found to be electroactive for accelerating oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics.Although substantial efforts have been devoted to design Fe-N-Cs with increased active species content,surface area,and electronic conductivity,their performance is still far from satisfactory.Hitherto,there is limited research about regulation on the electronic spin states of Fe centers for Fe-N-Cs electrocatalysts to improve their catalytic performance.Here,we introduce Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene with sulfur terminals to regulate the electronic configuration of FeN_(4) species and dramatically enhance catalytic activity toward ORR.The MXene with sulfur terminals induce the spin-state transition of FeN_(4) species and Fe 3d electron delocalization with d band center upshift,enabling the Fe(II)ions to bind oxygen in the end-on adsorption mode favorable to initiate the reduction of oxygen and boosting oxygen-containing groups adsorption on FeN_(4) species and ORR kinetics.The resulting FeN_(4)-Ti_(3)C_(2)Sx exhibits comparable catalytic performance to those of commercial Pt-C.The developed wearable ZABs using FeN_(4)-Ti_(3)C_(2)Sx also exhibit fast kinetics and excellent stability.This study confirms that regulation of the electronic structure of active species via coupling with their support can be a major contributor to enhance their catalytic activity.展开更多
It has been more than three decades since stereolithography began to emerge in various forms of additive manufacturing and 3D printing. Today these technologies are proliferating worldwide in various forms of advanced...It has been more than three decades since stereolithography began to emerge in various forms of additive manufacturing and 3D printing. Today these technologies are proliferating worldwide in various forms of advanced manufacturing. The largest segment of the 3D printing market today involves various polymer component fabrications, particularly complex structures not attainable by other manufacturing methods.Conventional printer head systems have also been adapted to selectively print various speciated human cells and special molecules in attempts to construct human organs, beginning with skin and various tissue patches. These efforts are discussed along with metal and alloy fabrication of a variety of implant and bone replacement components by creating powder layers, which are selectively melted into complex forms（such as foams and other open-cellular structures） using laser and electron beams directed by CAD software. Efforts to create a ＂living implant＂ by bone ingrowth and eventual vascularization within these implants will be discussed briefly. Novel printer heads for direct metal droplet deposition as in other 3D printing systems are briefly described since these concepts will allow for the eventual fabrication of very large and complex products, including automotive and aerospace structures and components.展开更多
The probability of medical staff to get affected from COVID19 is much higher due to their working environment which is more exposed to infectious diseases.So,as a preventive measure the body temperature monitoring of ...The probability of medical staff to get affected from COVID19 is much higher due to their working environment which is more exposed to infectious diseases.So,as a preventive measure the body temperature monitoring of medical staff at regular intervals is highly recommended.Infrared temperature sensing guns have proved its effectiveness and therefore such devices are used to monitor the body temperature.These devices are either used on hands or forehead.As a result,there are many issues in monitoring the temperature of frontline healthcare professionals.Firstly,these healthcare professionals keep wearing PPE(Personal Protective Equipment)kits during working hours and as a result it would be very difficult to monitor their body temperature.Secondly,these healthcare professionals also wear face shields and in such cases monitoring temperature by exposing forehead needs removal of face shield.Doing so after regular intervals is surely uncomfortable for healthcare professionals.To avoid such issues,this paper is disclosing a technologically advanced face shield equipped with sensors capable of monitoring body temperature instantly without the hassle of removing the face shield.This face shield is integrated with a built-in infrared temperature sensor.A total of 10 such face shields were printed and assembled within the university lab and then handed over to a group of ten members including faculty and students of nursing and health science department.This sequence was repeated four times and as a result 40 healthcare workers participated in the study.Thereafter,feedback analysis was conducted on questionnaire data and found a significant overall mean score of 4.59 out of 5 which indicates that the product is effective and worthy in every facet.Stress analysis is also performed in the simulated environment and found that the device can easily withstand the typically applied forces.The limitations of this product are difficulty in cleaning the product and comparatively high cost due to the deployment of electronic equipment.展开更多
The influence of electronic structure on the performance of catalysts for peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activation remains ambiguous.In this study,the 3d electron configuration of Fe(Ⅲ)in AgFeO_(2) was atomically regulated u...The influence of electronic structure on the performance of catalysts for peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activation remains ambiguous.In this study,the 3d electron configuration of Fe(Ⅲ)in AgFeO_(2) was atomically regulated using cobalt doping.The amount of PMS adsorbed and the catalytic performance were positively correlated with the total effective magnetic moment and the ratios of high-spin Fe(Ⅲ)and eg filling within the catalysts.These 3d electron regulations favor PMS adsorption and electron transfer owing to the lower PMS adsorption energy,increased electronic states near the Fermi level,and reduced dz^(2) orbital occupancy.Benefiting from fine tailoring of the electron configuration,the AgFe_(0.80)Co_(0.20)O_(2) catalyst exhibited outstanding catalytic PMS activation and favorable application potential,achieving efficient pharmaceutical wastewater treatment and more than 80%ofloxacin removal after 72 h of continuous-flow operation.Notably,this study offers a comprehensive understanding for the influence mechanism of electronic structure regulation on PMS activation,providing design guidance for the development of efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalytic systems.展开更多
High-frequency magnetic materials are crucial for realizing anti-electromagnetic interference in GHz communication devices and electronic equipment.Current mainstream strategy to enhance highfrequency magnetic losses ...High-frequency magnetic materials are crucial for realizing anti-electromagnetic interference in GHz communication devices and electronic equipment.Current mainstream strategy to enhance highfrequency magnetic losses is shape anisotropy,and it is still difficult to obtain an improvement in intrinsic magnetic loss through electronic structure design.In this paper,the effects of 4f-3d interaction between Er and Fe/Co on magnetic moment,charge migration,and spin polarization were investigated based on density functional theory(DFT).The results show that Er 4f-Fe 3d orbitals undergo significant hybridization at around-4 eV,which increase the electronic locality of Fe and enhance the spin of Fe from 2.86 h/2 to 2.91 h/2.The Fe_(0.5-x)Co_(0.5)Er_(x)(0≤x≤0.05)alloys were further prepared by vacuum induction melting and mechanical alloying methods.The saturation magnetization intensity(Ms)increases from 0.141 to 0.182 A·m^(2)/g with increasing Er content.The μ"of Fe_(0.47)Co_(0.5)Er_(0.03)at 16.7 GHz increases from 0.55 to 0.93,and the frequency range over which tanδ_μvalues are greater than 0.5covers 8.0-18.0 GHz,with the maximum value being 0.83 at 17.0 GHz.These results indicate that the Fe_(0.5-x)Co_(0.5)Er_(x)/paraffin composite materials have excellent high-frequency magnetic losses and are promising candidates in the field of microwave-absorbing materials.展开更多
Virtual Reality provides a new approach for geographical research. In this paper, a framework of the Virtual Huanghe （Yellow） River System was first presented from the view of technology, which included five main mo...Virtual Reality provides a new approach for geographical research. In this paper, a framework of the Virtual Huanghe （Yellow） River System was first presented from the view of technology, which included five main modules——data sources, 3D simulation terrain database, 3D simulation model database, 3D simulation implementation and application system. Then the key technoiogies of constructing Virtual Huanghe River System were discussed in detail： 1） OpenGL technology, the 3D graphics developing instrument, was employed in Virtual Huanghe River System to realize the function of dynamic real-time navigation. 2） MO and OpenGL technologies were used to make the mutual response between 3D scene and 2D electronic map available, which made use of the advantages of both 3D scene and 2D electronic map, with the macroscopic view, integrality and conciseness of 2D electronic map combined with the locality, reality and visualization of 3D scene. At the same time the disadvantages of abstract and ambiguity of 2D electronic map and the direction losing of virtual navigation in 3D scene were overcome.展开更多
The sluggish redox kinetics of polysulfides in lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are a significant obstacle to their widespread adoption as energy storage devices.However,recent studies have shown that tungsten oxide(WO_(...The sluggish redox kinetics of polysulfides in lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are a significant obstacle to their widespread adoption as energy storage devices.However,recent studies have shown that tungsten oxide(WO_(3))can facilitate the conversion kinetics of polysulfides in Li-S batteries.Herein,we fabricated host materials for sulfur using nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes(N-CNTs)and WO_(3).We used low-cost components and simple procedures to overcome the poor electrical conductivity that is a disadvantage of metal oxides.The composites of WO_(3) and N-CNTs(WO_(3)/N-CNTs)create a stable framework structure,fast ion diffusion channels,and a 3D electron transport network during electrochemical reaction processes.As a result,the WO_(3)/N-CNT-Li2S6 cathode demonstrates high initial capacity(1162 mA·h·g^(-1) at 0.5℃),excellent rate performance(618 mA·h·g^(-1) at 5.5℃),and a low capacity decay rate(0.093%up to 600 cycles at 2℃).This work presents a novel approach for preparing tungsten oxide/carbon composite catalysts that facilitate the redox kinetics of polysulfide conversion.展开更多
Electronic waste(e-waste)and diabetes are global challenges to modern societies.However,solving these two challenges together has been challenging until now.Herein,we propose a laser-induced transfer method to fabrica...Electronic waste(e-waste)and diabetes are global challenges to modern societies.However,solving these two challenges together has been challenging until now.Herein,we propose a laser-induced transfer method to fabricate portable glucose sensors by recycling copper from e-waste.We bring up a laser-induced full-automatic fabrication method for synthesizing continuous heterogeneous Cu_(x)O(h-Cu_(x)O)nano-skeletons electrode for glucose sensing,offering rapid(<1 min),clean,air-compatible,and continuous fabrication,applicable to a wide range of Cu-containing substrates.Leveraging this approach,h-Cu_(x)O nanoskeletons,with an inner core predominantly composed of Cu_(2)O with lower oxygen content,juxtaposed with an outer layer rich in amorphous Cu_(x)O(a-Cu_(x)O)with higher oxygen content,are derived from discarded printed circuit boards.When employed in glucose detection,the h-Cu_(x)O nano-skeletons undergo a structural evolution process,transitioning into rigid Cu_(2)O@CuO nano-skeletons prompted by electrochemical activation.This transformation yields exceptional glucose-sensing performance(sensitivity:9.893 mA mM^(-1) cm^(-2);detection limit:0.34μM),outperforming most previously reported glucose sensors.Density functional theory analysis elucidates that the heterogeneous structure facilitates gluconolactone desorption.This glucose detection device has also been downsized to optimize its scalability and portability for convenient integration into people’s everyday lives.展开更多
With the development of electronic devices towards miniaturization and high performance,traditional planar circuits have gradually failed to meet the growing space and functionality requirements.In this work,based on ...With the development of electronic devices towards miniaturization and high performance,traditional planar circuits have gradually failed to meet the growing space and functionality requirements.In this work,based on the deformationprogrammable film,an innovative liquid metal three-dimensional(3D)circuit fabrication method is proposed,which can transform the planar circuits into 3D circuits.The shrinkage of the deformation-programmable film was precisely controlled by converting it to a partially shrinkable film by introducing a non-shrinkable zone,and the interconnection of circuits on threedimensional structures was realized by taking advantage of the low mobility and high compliance of semi-liquid metals.Circuits with a variety of three-dimensional structures were fabricated using this technique.This work details the deformation of partially shrinkable films,the rheological properties of semi-liquid metal,and the key parameters in the manufacturing process.The 3D circuits fabricated in this work show excellent electrical properties and mechanical stability(the conductivity is 9×10^(6) S/m,and the resistance shows less than 2%loss after 5000 bending cycles).In addition,we demonstrate the potential application of this technique in curved conformal electronic devices.The research in this paper not only provides a new method for fabricating 3D circuits but also opens up new possibilities for the design and fabrication of future electronic devices.展开更多
Silicon(Si),a promising high-capacity anode material for lithium-ion batteries,suffers from severe volume changes upon cycling,leading to rapid capacity fading.This study mitigates the capacity fading issue by introdu...Silicon(Si),a promising high-capacity anode material for lithium-ion batteries,suffers from severe volume changes upon cycling,leading to rapid capacity fading.This study mitigates the capacity fading issue by introducing a surface SiNx layer on micron Si,which is in-situ converted into a LixSiNy-based artificial solid electrolyte interphase(SEI).This artificial SEI not only effectively restricts SEI growth to the outmost surface,but also induces a self-optimized structural evolution of the inner Si from micron particles to nanoporous network within 20 cycles.This self-optimized nanoprous Si network exhibits low volume expansion and enhanced reaction kinetics.Consequently,the Si@SiNx/TiN demonstrates a high capacity,stable cycling,and good fast-charging capability.展开更多
The defects, the behavior of 3d electrons and the hyperfine interactions in binary Fe-Al alloys with different Al contents have been studied by measurements of positron lifetime spectra, coincidence Doppler broadening...The defects, the behavior of 3d electrons and the hyperfine interactions in binary Fe-Al alloys with different Al contents have been studied by measurements of positron lifetime spectra, coincidence Doppler broadening spectra of positron annihilation radiation and M？ssbauer spectra. The results show that on increasing the Al content in Fe-Al alloys, the mean positron lifetime of the alloys increase, while the mean electron density of the alloys decrease. The increase of Al content in binary Fe-Al alloys will decrease the amount of unpaired 3d electrons; as a consequence the probability of positron annihilation with 3d electrons and the hyperfine field decrease rapidly. M？ssbauer spectra of binary Fe-Al alloys with Al content less than 25 at.% show discrete sextets and these alloys make a ferromagnetic contribution at room temperature. The M？ssbauer spectrum of Fe70Al30 shows a broad singlet. As Al content higher than 40 at.%, the M？ssbauer spectra of these alloys are singlet, that is, the alloys are paramagnetic. The behavior of a 3d electron and its effect on the hyperfine field of the binary Fe-Al alloy has been discussed.展开更多
Synaptic vesicles can undergo several modes of exocytosis,endocytosis,and trafficking within individual synapses,and their fates may be linked to different vesicular protein compositions.Here,we mapped the intrasynapt...Synaptic vesicles can undergo several modes of exocytosis,endocytosis,and trafficking within individual synapses,and their fates may be linked to different vesicular protein compositions.Here,we mapped the intrasynaptic distribution of the synaptic vesicle proteins SV2B and SV2A in glutamatergic synapses of the hippocampus using three-dimensional electron microscopy.SV2B was almost completely absent from docked vesicles and a distinct cluster of vesicles found near the active zone.In contrast,SV2A was found in all domains of the synapse and was slightly enriched near the active zone.SV2B and SV2A were found on the membrane in the peri-active zone,suggesting the recycling from both clusters of vesicles.SV2B knockout mice displayed an increased seizure induction threshold only in a model employing high-frequency stimulation.Our data show that glutamatergic synapses generate molecularly distinct populations of synaptic vesicles and are able to maintain them at steep spatial gradients.The almost complete absence of SV2B from vesicles at the active zone of wildtype mice may explain why SV2A has been found more important for vesicle release.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China under the Grant Nos.12127806 and 62175195the International Joint Research Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies。
文摘High-density interconnect(HDI)soft electronics that can integrate multiple individual functions into one miniaturized monolithic system is promising for applications related to smart healthcare,soft robotics,and human-machine interactions.However,despite the recent advances,the development of three-dimensional(3D)soft electronics with both high resolution and high integration is still challenging because of the lack of efficient manufacturing methods to guarantee interlayer alignment of the high-density vias and reliable interlayer electrical conductivity.Here,an advanced 3D laser printing pathway,based on femtosecond laser direct writing(FLDW),is demonstrated for preparing liquid metal(LM)-based any layer HDI soft electronics.FLDW technology,with the characteristics of high spatial resolution and high precision,allows the maskless fabrication of high-resolution embedded LM microchannels and high-density vertical interconnect accesses for 3D integrated circuits.High-aspect-ratio blind/through LM microstructures are formed inside the elastomer due to the supermetalphobicity induced during laser ablation.The LM-based HDI circuit featuring high resolution(~1.5μm)and high integration(10-layer electrical interconnection)is achieved for customized soft electronics,including various customized multilayer passive electric components,soft multilayer circuit,and cross-scale multimode sensors.The 3D laser printing method provides a versatile approach for developing chip-level soft electronics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51901082)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20200137)the National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program of China(JCKY2018110C060)。
文摘Additive manufacturing(AM)is a free-form technology that shows great potential in the integrated creation of three-dimensional(3D)electronics.However,the fabrication of 3D conformal circuits that fulfill the requirements of high service temperature,high conductivity and high resolution remains a challenge.In this paper,a hybrid AM method combining the fused deposition modeling(FDM)and hydrophobic treatment assisted laser activation metallization(LAM)was proposed for manufacturing the polyetheretherketone(PEEK)-based 3D electronics,by which the conformal copper patterns were deposited on the 3D-printed PEEK parts,and the adhesion between them reached the 5B high level.Moreover,the 3D components could support the thermal cycling test from-55℃ to 125℃ for more than 100 cycles.Particularly,the application of a hydrophobic coating on the FDM-printed PEEK before LAM can promote an ideal catalytic selectivity on its surface,not affected by the inevitable printing borders and pores in the FDM-printed parts,then making the resolution of the electroless plated copper lines improved significantly.In consequence,Cu lines with width and spacing of only60μm and 100μm were obtained on both as-printed and after-polished PEEK substrates.Finally,the potential of this technique to fabricate 3D conformal electronics was demonstrated.
基金supported by a Grant of the Innovation and Technology Commission of Hong Kong(Project number:ITS/461/18)City University of Hong Kong(Project number:9678179).
文摘Transition metal-nitrogen-carbon materials(M-N-Cs),particularly Fe-N-Cs,have been found to be electroactive for accelerating oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics.Although substantial efforts have been devoted to design Fe-N-Cs with increased active species content,surface area,and electronic conductivity,their performance is still far from satisfactory.Hitherto,there is limited research about regulation on the electronic spin states of Fe centers for Fe-N-Cs electrocatalysts to improve their catalytic performance.Here,we introduce Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene with sulfur terminals to regulate the electronic configuration of FeN_(4) species and dramatically enhance catalytic activity toward ORR.The MXene with sulfur terminals induce the spin-state transition of FeN_(4) species and Fe 3d electron delocalization with d band center upshift,enabling the Fe(II)ions to bind oxygen in the end-on adsorption mode favorable to initiate the reduction of oxygen and boosting oxygen-containing groups adsorption on FeN_(4) species and ORR kinetics.The resulting FeN_(4)-Ti_(3)C_(2)Sx exhibits comparable catalytic performance to those of commercial Pt-C.The developed wearable ZABs using FeN_(4)-Ti_(3)C_(2)Sx also exhibit fast kinetics and excellent stability.This study confirms that regulation of the electronic structure of active species via coupling with their support can be a major contributor to enhance their catalytic activity.
基金based by the Office of Research and Sponsored Projects at The University of Texas at El Paso
文摘It has been more than three decades since stereolithography began to emerge in various forms of additive manufacturing and 3D printing. Today these technologies are proliferating worldwide in various forms of advanced manufacturing. The largest segment of the 3D printing market today involves various polymer component fabrications, particularly complex structures not attainable by other manufacturing methods.Conventional printer head systems have also been adapted to selectively print various speciated human cells and special molecules in attempts to construct human organs, beginning with skin and various tissue patches. These efforts are discussed along with metal and alloy fabrication of a variety of implant and bone replacement components by creating powder layers, which are selectively melted into complex forms（such as foams and other open-cellular structures） using laser and electron beams directed by CAD software. Efforts to create a ＂living implant＂ by bone ingrowth and eventual vascularization within these implants will be discussed briefly. Novel printer heads for direct metal droplet deposition as in other 3D printing systems are briefly described since these concepts will allow for the eventual fabrication of very large and complex products, including automotive and aerospace structures and components.
基金supported by Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number(TURSP-2020/347),Taif University,Taif,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The probability of medical staff to get affected from COVID19 is much higher due to their working environment which is more exposed to infectious diseases.So,as a preventive measure the body temperature monitoring of medical staff at regular intervals is highly recommended.Infrared temperature sensing guns have proved its effectiveness and therefore such devices are used to monitor the body temperature.These devices are either used on hands or forehead.As a result,there are many issues in monitoring the temperature of frontline healthcare professionals.Firstly,these healthcare professionals keep wearing PPE(Personal Protective Equipment)kits during working hours and as a result it would be very difficult to monitor their body temperature.Secondly,these healthcare professionals also wear face shields and in such cases monitoring temperature by exposing forehead needs removal of face shield.Doing so after regular intervals is surely uncomfortable for healthcare professionals.To avoid such issues,this paper is disclosing a technologically advanced face shield equipped with sensors capable of monitoring body temperature instantly without the hassle of removing the face shield.This face shield is integrated with a built-in infrared temperature sensor.A total of 10 such face shields were printed and assembled within the university lab and then handed over to a group of ten members including faculty and students of nursing and health science department.This sequence was repeated four times and as a result 40 healthcare workers participated in the study.Thereafter,feedback analysis was conducted on questionnaire data and found a significant overall mean score of 4.59 out of 5 which indicates that the product is effective and worthy in every facet.Stress analysis is also performed in the simulated environment and found that the device can easily withstand the typically applied forces.The limitations of this product are difficulty in cleaning the product and comparatively high cost due to the deployment of electronic equipment.
文摘The influence of electronic structure on the performance of catalysts for peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activation remains ambiguous.In this study,the 3d electron configuration of Fe(Ⅲ)in AgFeO_(2) was atomically regulated using cobalt doping.The amount of PMS adsorbed and the catalytic performance were positively correlated with the total effective magnetic moment and the ratios of high-spin Fe(Ⅲ)and eg filling within the catalysts.These 3d electron regulations favor PMS adsorption and electron transfer owing to the lower PMS adsorption energy,increased electronic states near the Fermi level,and reduced dz^(2) orbital occupancy.Benefiting from fine tailoring of the electron configuration,the AgFe_(0.80)Co_(0.20)O_(2) catalyst exhibited outstanding catalytic PMS activation and favorable application potential,achieving efficient pharmaceutical wastewater treatment and more than 80%ofloxacin removal after 72 h of continuous-flow operation.Notably,this study offers a comprehensive understanding for the influence mechanism of electronic structure regulation on PMS activation,providing design guidance for the development of efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalytic systems.
基金Project supported by the Nation Natural Science Foundation of China(52304410,51972242)Major Project of Hubei Province(2023BAA003)。
文摘High-frequency magnetic materials are crucial for realizing anti-electromagnetic interference in GHz communication devices and electronic equipment.Current mainstream strategy to enhance highfrequency magnetic losses is shape anisotropy,and it is still difficult to obtain an improvement in intrinsic magnetic loss through electronic structure design.In this paper,the effects of 4f-3d interaction between Er and Fe/Co on magnetic moment,charge migration,and spin polarization were investigated based on density functional theory(DFT).The results show that Er 4f-Fe 3d orbitals undergo significant hybridization at around-4 eV,which increase the electronic locality of Fe and enhance the spin of Fe from 2.86 h/2 to 2.91 h/2.The Fe_(0.5-x)Co_(0.5)Er_(x)(0≤x≤0.05)alloys were further prepared by vacuum induction melting and mechanical alloying methods.The saturation magnetization intensity(Ms)increases from 0.141 to 0.182 A·m^(2)/g with increasing Er content.The μ"of Fe_(0.47)Co_(0.5)Er_(0.03)at 16.7 GHz increases from 0.55 to 0.93,and the frequency range over which tanδ_μvalues are greater than 0.5covers 8.0-18.0 GHz,with the maximum value being 0.83 at 17.0 GHz.These results indicate that the Fe_(0.5-x)Co_(0.5)Er_(x)/paraffin composite materials have excellent high-frequency magnetic losses and are promising candidates in the field of microwave-absorbing materials.
基金Under the auspices of the Science Data Sharing Pilot Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2003DEA2C010), Natural Science Fund of Henan University on Virtual City Construction Method (No. 04YBRW026)
文摘Virtual Reality provides a new approach for geographical research. In this paper, a framework of the Virtual Huanghe （Yellow） River System was first presented from the view of technology, which included five main modules——data sources, 3D simulation terrain database, 3D simulation model database, 3D simulation implementation and application system. Then the key technoiogies of constructing Virtual Huanghe River System were discussed in detail： 1） OpenGL technology, the 3D graphics developing instrument, was employed in Virtual Huanghe River System to realize the function of dynamic real-time navigation. 2） MO and OpenGL technologies were used to make the mutual response between 3D scene and 2D electronic map available, which made use of the advantages of both 3D scene and 2D electronic map, with the macroscopic view, integrality and conciseness of 2D electronic map combined with the locality, reality and visualization of 3D scene. At the same time the disadvantages of abstract and ambiguity of 2D electronic map and the direction losing of virtual navigation in 3D scene were overcome.
基金supported by the Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering(KL21-05)the support of the Instrumental Analysis Center,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology.
文摘The sluggish redox kinetics of polysulfides in lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are a significant obstacle to their widespread adoption as energy storage devices.However,recent studies have shown that tungsten oxide(WO_(3))can facilitate the conversion kinetics of polysulfides in Li-S batteries.Herein,we fabricated host materials for sulfur using nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes(N-CNTs)and WO_(3).We used low-cost components and simple procedures to overcome the poor electrical conductivity that is a disadvantage of metal oxides.The composites of WO_(3) and N-CNTs(WO_(3)/N-CNTs)create a stable framework structure,fast ion diffusion channels,and a 3D electron transport network during electrochemical reaction processes.As a result,the WO_(3)/N-CNT-Li2S6 cathode demonstrates high initial capacity(1162 mA·h·g^(-1) at 0.5℃),excellent rate performance(618 mA·h·g^(-1) at 5.5℃),and a low capacity decay rate(0.093%up to 600 cycles at 2℃).This work presents a novel approach for preparing tungsten oxide/carbon composite catalysts that facilitate the redox kinetics of polysulfide conversion.
基金funded by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council(25201620/C6001-22Y)the Hong Kong Innovation Technology Commission(ITC)under project No.MHP/060/21support of the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies at HKUST.
文摘Electronic waste(e-waste)and diabetes are global challenges to modern societies.However,solving these two challenges together has been challenging until now.Herein,we propose a laser-induced transfer method to fabricate portable glucose sensors by recycling copper from e-waste.We bring up a laser-induced full-automatic fabrication method for synthesizing continuous heterogeneous Cu_(x)O(h-Cu_(x)O)nano-skeletons electrode for glucose sensing,offering rapid(<1 min),clean,air-compatible,and continuous fabrication,applicable to a wide range of Cu-containing substrates.Leveraging this approach,h-Cu_(x)O nanoskeletons,with an inner core predominantly composed of Cu_(2)O with lower oxygen content,juxtaposed with an outer layer rich in amorphous Cu_(x)O(a-Cu_(x)O)with higher oxygen content,are derived from discarded printed circuit boards.When employed in glucose detection,the h-Cu_(x)O nano-skeletons undergo a structural evolution process,transitioning into rigid Cu_(2)O@CuO nano-skeletons prompted by electrochemical activation.This transformation yields exceptional glucose-sensing performance(sensitivity:9.893 mA mM^(-1) cm^(-2);detection limit:0.34μM),outperforming most previously reported glucose sensors.Density functional theory analysis elucidates that the heterogeneous structure facilitates gluconolactone desorption.This glucose detection device has also been downsized to optimize its scalability and portability for convenient integration into people’s everyday lives.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62304150)。
文摘With the development of electronic devices towards miniaturization and high performance,traditional planar circuits have gradually failed to meet the growing space and functionality requirements.In this work,based on the deformationprogrammable film,an innovative liquid metal three-dimensional(3D)circuit fabrication method is proposed,which can transform the planar circuits into 3D circuits.The shrinkage of the deformation-programmable film was precisely controlled by converting it to a partially shrinkable film by introducing a non-shrinkable zone,and the interconnection of circuits on threedimensional structures was realized by taking advantage of the low mobility and high compliance of semi-liquid metals.Circuits with a variety of three-dimensional structures were fabricated using this technique.This work details the deformation of partially shrinkable films,the rheological properties of semi-liquid metal,and the key parameters in the manufacturing process.The 3D circuits fabricated in this work show excellent electrical properties and mechanical stability(the conductivity is 9×10^(6) S/m,and the resistance shows less than 2%loss after 5000 bending cycles).In addition,we demonstrate the potential application of this technique in curved conformal electronic devices.The research in this paper not only provides a new method for fabricating 3D circuits but also opens up new possibilities for the design and fabrication of future electronic devices.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3803501)the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(2021BAA176)+1 种基金the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(522CXTD516)the Science and Technology special fund of Hainan Province(ZDYF2025GXJS008)。
文摘Silicon(Si),a promising high-capacity anode material for lithium-ion batteries,suffers from severe volume changes upon cycling,leading to rapid capacity fading.This study mitigates the capacity fading issue by introducing a surface SiNx layer on micron Si,which is in-situ converted into a LixSiNy-based artificial solid electrolyte interphase(SEI).This artificial SEI not only effectively restricts SEI growth to the outmost surface,but also induces a self-optimized structural evolution of the inner Si from micron particles to nanoporous network within 20 cycles.This self-optimized nanoprous Si network exhibits low volume expansion and enhanced reaction kinetics.Consequently,the Si@SiNx/TiN demonstrates a high capacity,stable cycling,and good fast-charging capability.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(10764001,51061002)Program for Science and Technology Innovation Team of Guangxi University
文摘The defects, the behavior of 3d electrons and the hyperfine interactions in binary Fe-Al alloys with different Al contents have been studied by measurements of positron lifetime spectra, coincidence Doppler broadening spectra of positron annihilation radiation and M？ssbauer spectra. The results show that on increasing the Al content in Fe-Al alloys, the mean positron lifetime of the alloys increase, while the mean electron density of the alloys decrease. The increase of Al content in binary Fe-Al alloys will decrease the amount of unpaired 3d electrons; as a consequence the probability of positron annihilation with 3d electrons and the hyperfine field decrease rapidly. M？ssbauer spectra of binary Fe-Al alloys with Al content less than 25 at.% show discrete sextets and these alloys make a ferromagnetic contribution at room temperature. The M？ssbauer spectrum of Fe70Al30 shows a broad singlet. As Al content higher than 40 at.%, the M？ssbauer spectra of these alloys are singlet, that is, the alloys are paramagnetic. The behavior of a 3d electron and its effect on the hyperfine field of the binary Fe-Al alloy has been discussed.
基金supported by grants from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)(SFB1089,SCHO 820/4-1,SCHO 820/6-1,SCHO 820/7-1,SCHO 820/5-2,and SPP1757 to S.S.,SFB1089,SPP1757,INST117215,DI853/3-5&7,and INST 217/785-1 to D.D.),the BONFOR program of the University of Bonn Medical Center(S.S.and D.D.),and UCB Pharma.
文摘Synaptic vesicles can undergo several modes of exocytosis,endocytosis,and trafficking within individual synapses,and their fates may be linked to different vesicular protein compositions.Here,we mapped the intrasynaptic distribution of the synaptic vesicle proteins SV2B and SV2A in glutamatergic synapses of the hippocampus using three-dimensional electron microscopy.SV2B was almost completely absent from docked vesicles and a distinct cluster of vesicles found near the active zone.In contrast,SV2A was found in all domains of the synapse and was slightly enriched near the active zone.SV2B and SV2A were found on the membrane in the peri-active zone,suggesting the recycling from both clusters of vesicles.SV2B knockout mice displayed an increased seizure induction threshold only in a model employing high-frequency stimulation.Our data show that glutamatergic synapses generate molecularly distinct populations of synaptic vesicles and are able to maintain them at steep spatial gradients.The almost complete absence of SV2B from vesicles at the active zone of wildtype mice may explain why SV2A has been found more important for vesicle release.
