为解决第三代音视频编码标准(audio video coding standard 3,AVS3)帧内预测的耗时问题,提出一种基于最小编码单元(coding unit,CU)代价的帧内预测并行算法。首先,将图像划分为最小CU。然后,利用原始像素作为参考,并行计算所有最小CU的...为解决第三代音视频编码标准(audio video coding standard 3,AVS3)帧内预测的耗时问题,提出一种基于最小编码单元(coding unit,CU)代价的帧内预测并行算法。首先,将图像划分为最小CU。然后,利用原始像素作为参考,并行计算所有最小CU的帧内模式代价。最后,用代价组合的方式快速计算出其他CU的帧内模式优先级,选择最优的15个模式进入粗略模式决策(rough mode decision,RMD)阶段。此外,为减少方法引入的误差,提出了3种优化策略。在预测前对原始像素进行预处理,使其更贴合重构像素;修改帧内预测的代价函数,以更准确地估计每种模式的优先级;大尺寸CU使用顶层的CU代价作为参考,减少CU组合累积的误差。实验结果表明,在码率仅下降0.35%的情况下,整体编码的计算时间减少了27%,有效地减少了帧内预测的耗时并保证了编码质量。展开更多
针对提高4K超高清电视广播视频压缩效率,减少存储空间和网络带宽这一需求,提出应用音视频编码标准3(Audio Video Coding Standard 3,AVS3)视频编解码技术,利用AVS3编解码标准的高效性,提升4K超高清视频内容的编码质量和传输效率。首先,...针对提高4K超高清电视广播视频压缩效率,减少存储空间和网络带宽这一需求,提出应用音视频编码标准3(Audio Video Coding Standard 3,AVS3)视频编解码技术,利用AVS3编解码标准的高效性,提升4K超高清视频内容的编码质量和传输效率。首先,从节目制播环节入手,通过扩展帧内角度预测和信源动态编码,在保持图像质量的同时降低编码比特率,优化编码过程,节省传输带宽;其次,通过视频分层并行解码和音频解码还放声音技术,提升接收解码及呈现的速度和质量;最后,通过应用实验验证AVS3视频编解码技术在4K超高清电视广播领域的实际效果。展开更多
Osteoclasts, the bone-resorbing cells, play a pivotal role in skeletal development and adult bone remodeling. They also participate in the pathogenesis of various bone disorders. Osteoclasts differentiate from cells o...Osteoclasts, the bone-resorbing cells, play a pivotal role in skeletal development and adult bone remodeling. They also participate in the pathogenesis of various bone disorders. Osteoclasts differentiate from cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage upon stimulation of two essential factors, the monocyte/ macrophage colony stimulating factor （M-CSF） and receptor activation of NF-κB ligand （RANKL）. M-CSF binds to its receptor c-Fms to activate distinct signaling pathways to stimulate the proliferation and survival of osteoclast precursors and the mature cell. RANKL, however, is the primary osteoclast differentiation factor, and promotes osteoclast differentiation mainly through controlling gene expression by activating its receptor, RANK. Osteoclast function depends on polarization of the cell, induced by integrin avβ3, to form the resorptive machinery characterized by the attachment to the bone matrix and the formation of the bone-apposed ruffled border. Recent studies have provided new insights into the mechanism of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. In particular, c-Fms and RANK signaling have been shown to regulate bone resorption by cross-talking with those activated by integrin avβ3. This review discusses new advances in the understanding of the mechanisms of osteoclast differentiation and function.展开更多
文摘为解决第三代音视频编码标准(audio video coding standard 3,AVS3)帧内预测的耗时问题,提出一种基于最小编码单元(coding unit,CU)代价的帧内预测并行算法。首先,将图像划分为最小CU。然后,利用原始像素作为参考,并行计算所有最小CU的帧内模式代价。最后,用代价组合的方式快速计算出其他CU的帧内模式优先级,选择最优的15个模式进入粗略模式决策(rough mode decision,RMD)阶段。此外,为减少方法引入的误差,提出了3种优化策略。在预测前对原始像素进行预处理,使其更贴合重构像素;修改帧内预测的代价函数,以更准确地估计每种模式的优先级;大尺寸CU使用顶层的CU代价作为参考,减少CU组合累积的误差。实验结果表明,在码率仅下降0.35%的情况下,整体编码的计算时间减少了27%,有效地减少了帧内预测的耗时并保证了编码质量。
文摘针对提高4K超高清电视广播视频压缩效率,减少存储空间和网络带宽这一需求,提出应用音视频编码标准3(Audio Video Coding Standard 3,AVS3)视频编解码技术,利用AVS3编解码标准的高效性,提升4K超高清视频内容的编码质量和传输效率。首先,从节目制播环节入手,通过扩展帧内角度预测和信源动态编码,在保持图像质量的同时降低编码比特率,优化编码过程,节省传输带宽;其次,通过视频分层并行解码和音频解码还放声音技术,提升接收解码及呈现的速度和质量;最后,通过应用实验验证AVS3视频编解码技术在4K超高清电视广播领域的实际效果。
文摘Osteoclasts, the bone-resorbing cells, play a pivotal role in skeletal development and adult bone remodeling. They also participate in the pathogenesis of various bone disorders. Osteoclasts differentiate from cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage upon stimulation of two essential factors, the monocyte/ macrophage colony stimulating factor （M-CSF） and receptor activation of NF-κB ligand （RANKL）. M-CSF binds to its receptor c-Fms to activate distinct signaling pathways to stimulate the proliferation and survival of osteoclast precursors and the mature cell. RANKL, however, is the primary osteoclast differentiation factor, and promotes osteoclast differentiation mainly through controlling gene expression by activating its receptor, RANK. Osteoclast function depends on polarization of the cell, induced by integrin avβ3, to form the resorptive machinery characterized by the attachment to the bone matrix and the formation of the bone-apposed ruffled border. Recent studies have provided new insights into the mechanism of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. In particular, c-Fms and RANK signaling have been shown to regulate bone resorption by cross-talking with those activated by integrin avβ3. This review discusses new advances in the understanding of the mechanisms of osteoclast differentiation and function.
