Automation and intelligence have become the primary trends in the design of investment casting processes.However,the design of gating and riser systems still lacks precise quantitative evaluation criteria.Numerical si...Automation and intelligence have become the primary trends in the design of investment casting processes.However,the design of gating and riser systems still lacks precise quantitative evaluation criteria.Numerical simulation plays a significant role in quantitatively evaluating current processes and making targeted improvements,but its limitations lie in the inability to dynamically reflect the formation outcomes of castings under varying process conditions,making real-time adjustments to gating and riser designs challenging.In this study,an automated design model for gating and riser systems based on integrated parametric 3D modeling-simulation framework is proposed,which enhances the flexibility and usability of evaluating the casting process by simulation.Firstly,geometric feature extraction technology is employed to obtain the geometric information of the target casting.Based on this information,an automated design framework for gating and riser systems is established,incorporating multiple structural parameters for real-time process control.Subsequently,the simulation results for various structural parameters are analyzed,and the influence of these parameters on casting formation is thoroughly investigated.Finally,the optimal design scheme is generated and validated through experimental verification.Simulation analysis and experimental results show that using a larger gate neck(24 mm in side length) and external risers promotes a more uniform temperature distribution and a more stable flow state,effectively eliminating shrinkage cavities and enhancing process yield by 15%.展开更多
Organohydrogel-based strain sensors are gaining attention for real-time health services and human-machine interactions due to their flexibility,stretchability,and skin-like compliance.However,these sensors often have ...Organohydrogel-based strain sensors are gaining attention for real-time health services and human-machine interactions due to their flexibility,stretchability,and skin-like compliance.However,these sensors often have limited sensitivity and poor stability due to their bulk structure and strain concentration during stretching.In this study,we designed and fabricated diamond-,grid-,and peanut-shaped organohydrogel based on positive,near-zero,and negative Poisson’s ratios using digital light processing(DLP)-based 3D printing technology.Through structural design and optimization,the grid-shaped organohydrogel exhibited record sensitivity with gauge factors of 4.5(0–200%strain,ionic mode)and 13.5/1.5×10^(6)(0-2%/2%-100%strain,electronic mode),alongside full resistance recovery for enhanced stability.The 3D-printed grid structure enabled direct wearability and breathability,overcoming traditional sensor limitations.Integrated with a robotic hand system,this sensor demonstrated clinical potential through precise monitoring of paralyzed patients’grasping movements(with a minimum monitoring angle of 5°).This structural design paradigm advanced flexible electronics by synergizing high sensitivity,stability,wearability,and breathability for healthcare,and human-machine interfaces.展开更多
The wrist unit is crucial in humanoid robots,determining their operational dexterity and precision.To address current challenges such as excessive size,limited Degrees of Freedom(DoFs),and insufficient load capacity,w...The wrist unit is crucial in humanoid robots,determining their operational dexterity and precision.To address current challenges such as excessive size,limited Degrees of Freedom(DoFs),and insufficient load capacity,we propose a 3-DoF humanoid wrist inspired by the human forearm and wrist anatomy.This paper explores the principles of wrist bionic design and introduces a parallel mechanism actuated by a brushless DC motor(BLDC)-ball screw to achieve flexion/extension(F/E)and radial flexion/ulnar deviation(R/U),as along with pronation/supination(P/S)through an end-coupling design.We conducted an analysis on the inverse kinematic model and singularities of the humanoid wrist.Additionally,the workspace and motion capabilities of the humanoid wrist were evaluated.A prototype based on this design was built to demonstrate its motion and functional performance,verifying the feasibility and practicality of the humanoid wrist.This research provides a more compact design approach for future humanoid wrist development.展开更多
Accurate vector extraction from design drawings is required first to automatically create 3D models from pixel-level engineering design drawings. However, this task faces the challenges of complicated design shapes as...Accurate vector extraction from design drawings is required first to automatically create 3D models from pixel-level engineering design drawings. However, this task faces the challenges of complicated design shapes as well as cumbersome and cluttered annotations on drawings, which interfere with the vector extraction heavily. In this article, the transmission tower containing the most complex structure is taken as the research object, and a semantic segmentation network is constructed to first segment the shape masks from the pixel-level drawings. Preprocessing and postprocessing are also proposed to ensure the stability and accuracy of the shape mask segmentation. Then, based on the obtained shape masks, a vector extraction network guided by heatmaps is designed to extract structural vectors by fusing the features from node heatmap and skeleton heatmap, respectively. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, experiment results illustrate that the proposed semantic segmentation method can effectively eliminate the interference of many elements on drawings to segment the shape masks effectively, meanwhile, the model trained by the proposed vector extraction network can accurately extract the vectors such as nodes and line connections, avoiding redundant vector detection. The proposed method lays a solid foundation for automatic 3D model reconstruction and contributes to technological advancements in relevant fields.展开更多
The rapid advancement of three-dimensional printed concrete(3DPC)requires intelligent and interpretable frameworks to optimize mixture design for strength,printability,and sustainability.While machine learning(ML)mode...The rapid advancement of three-dimensional printed concrete(3DPC)requires intelligent and interpretable frameworks to optimize mixture design for strength,printability,and sustainability.While machine learning(ML)models have improved predictive accuracy,their limited transparency has hindered their widespread adoption in materials engineering.To overcome this barrier,this study introduces a Random Forests ensemble learning model integrated with SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)and Partial Dependence Plots(PDPs)to model and explain the compressive strength behavior of 3DPC mixtures.Unlike conventional“black-box”models,SHAP quantifies each variable’s contribution to predictions based on cooperative game theory,which enables causal interpretability,whereas PDP visualizes nonlinear and interactive effects between features that offer practical mix design insights.A systematically optimized random forest model achieved strong generalization(R2=0.978 for training,0.834 for validation,and 0.868 for testing).The analysis identified curing age,Portland cement,silica fume,and the water-tobinder ratio as dominant predictors,with curing age exerting the highest positive influence on strength development.The integrated SHAP-PDP framework revealed synergistic interactions among binder constituents and curing parameters,which established transparent,data-driven guidelines for performance optimization.Theoretically,the study advances explainable artificial intelligence in cementitious material science by linking microstructural mechanisms to model-based reasoning,thereby enhancing both the interpretability and applicability of ML-driven mix design for next-generation 3DPC systems.展开更多
Solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)have attracted much attention for their safety,ease of packaging,costeffectiveness,excellent flexibility and stability.Poly-dioxolane(PDOL)is one of the most promising matrix materials ...Solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)have attracted much attention for their safety,ease of packaging,costeffectiveness,excellent flexibility and stability.Poly-dioxolane(PDOL)is one of the most promising matrix materials of SPEs due to its remarkable compatibility with lithium metal anodes(LMAs)and suitability for in-situ polymerization.However,poor thermal stability,insufficient ionic conductivity and narrow electrochemical stability window(ESW)hinder its further application in lithium metal batteries(LMBs).To ameliorate these problems,we have successfully synthesized a polymerized-ionic-liquid(PIL)monomer named DIMTFSI by modifying DOL with imidazolium cation coupled with TFSI^(-)anion,which simultaneously inherits the lipophilicity of DOL,high ionic conductivity of imidazole,and excellent stability of PILs.Then the tridentate crosslinker trimethylolpropane tris[3-(2-methyl-1-aziridine)propionate](TTMAP)was introduced to regulate the excessive Li^(+)-O coordination and prepare a flame-retardant SPE(DT-SPE)with prominent thermal stability,wide ESW,high ionic conductivity and abundant Lit transference numbers(t_(Li+)).As a result,the LiFePO_(4)|DT-SPE|Li cell exhibits a high initial discharge specific capacity of 149.60 mAh g^(-1)at 0.2C and 30℃with a capacity retention rate of 98.68%after 500 cycles.This work provides new insights into the structural design of PIL-based electrolytes for long-cycling LMBs with high safety and stability.展开更多
The reaction behavior between CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–La_(2)O_(3)-based slags and La-bearing FeCrAl melt was quantitatively characterized,which was further compared with the reaction behavior of CaO–SiO_(2)-based slags.Bas...The reaction behavior between CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–La_(2)O_(3)-based slags and La-bearing FeCrAl melt was quantitatively characterized,which was further compared with the reaction behavior of CaO–SiO_(2)-based slags.Based on this,the new type of mold flux for La-bearing FeCrAl alloy continuous casting was designed and its basic properties were evaluated.The results showed that the order of reaction degree of fluxing agents in CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–La_(2)O_(3)-based slags is(Na_(2)O)>(B_(2)O_(3))>(Li_(2)O),and the percentages of mass change of fluxing agents were 85.8,54.29 and 42.35 wt.%,respectively.Moreover,the addition of(Li_(2)O)and(Na_(2)O)promoted the reaction between(CaO)and[Al],and the reaction degree of the former was weaker than that of the latter,which was due to the greater effect of(Na_(2)O)on the activity of(CaO)and(Al_(2)O_(3))than(Li_(2)O).Compared with the reactivity of CaO–SiO_(2)-based slags,the percentages of mass change of Al and La caused by slag–steel reaction decreased by 10.63–14.36 and 39.78–50.49 wt.%,respectively.The percentages of mass change of(Al_(2)O_(3)),(La_(2)O_(3))and(CaO)in slags highest increased by 17.71,17.98,and 7.81 wt.%,respectively.The reactivity of CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–La_(2)O_(3)-based slags was significantly weakened.Ultimately,the new type of mold flux was designed and the composition range was determined.The fundamental properties of new mold flux basically meet the theoretical requirements for La-bearing FeCrAl alloy continuous casting.展开更多
The electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(eCO_(2)RR)offers significant potential for closing the anthropogenic carbon cycle while simultaneously enabling the storage of intermittent sustainable energy.The synthesis...The electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(eCO_(2)RR)offers significant potential for closing the anthropogenic carbon cycle while simultaneously enabling the storage of intermittent sustainable energy.The synthesis of C_(3+)products from eCO_(2)RR is particularly appealing due to their higher commercial value compared to C_(1) or C_(2) compounds,and their crucial roles as high-energy-density fuels or feedstocks for a wide range of industrial applications.This encourages us to summarize recent notable progress in enhancing C_(3+)production.This review starts from the formation pathways of C_(3+)products by delving into key intermediates and ^(*)C–^(*)C coupling reactions for mechanistic investigations.Subsequently,we discuss the representative eCO_(2)RR electrocatalysts for C_(3+)synthesis,including Cu and non-Cu catalysts,highlighting typical design strategies for markedly promoting the catalytic performance or expanding the range of products.Additionally,we also emphasize system upgrading strategies,covering manipulation of electrolysis conditions,microenvironment regulation,and cascade catalysis,for facilitating C_(3+)production.We finally end with future directions in this rapidly advancing field.By elucidating the formation mechanisms,catalyst design principles,and system upgrading strategies,this review is expected to draw significant attention to C_(3+)products and stimulate further research into developing advanced catalytic systems for their efficient synthesis.展开更多
The application of virtual reality technology has become more and more influential in garden design. Quest3D as a significant software to realize the virtual reality technology is utilized in this study to make a gard...The application of virtual reality technology has become more and more influential in garden design. Quest3D as a significant software to realize the virtual reality technology is utilized in this study to make a garden roaming demonstration system with the gardening design of a classical courtyard as an example. Besides, the advantages and disadvantages of applying Quest3D technology in garden landscape design are elaborated from the perspective of the selection of Quest3D technology, basic procedures for the selection and establishment of software and hardware.展开更多
Metamaterials refer to a class of artificial composite structures with supernormal physical properties that natural materials do not have.The emergence of metamaterials has opened up new research directions for classi...Metamaterials refer to a class of artificial composite structures with supernormal physical properties that natural materials do not have.The emergence of metamaterials has opened up new research directions for classical electromagnetic theory and made it possible to manipulate electromagnetic waves effectively.One of most important applications of metamaterials is metamaterial absorbers(MMAs).The properties of MMAs depend on the material composition,cell size and structure,which could often achieve"perfect"absorption through reasonable design.This review starts with the development of MMAs and describes the status of this absorber,then mainly focuses on bionic design and new artificial design.Specifically,it is to draw inspiration from natural plants and animals,design novel structures to get better absorbing properties.Furthermore,the artificial design can achieve the optimize absorption capacity as well as absorption bandwidth.What’s more,this review summarizes the 3D printing technology to prepare MMAs that are different from traditional printed circuit board technology.The MMAs produced by 3D printing technology can prepare more complex shapes,and has light weight and better absorbing properties.展开更多
Synthesizing a stable and efficient photocatalyst has been the most important research goal up to now. Owing to the dominant performance of g-C3N4 (graphitized carbonitride), an ordered assemble of a composite photoca...Synthesizing a stable and efficient photocatalyst has been the most important research goal up to now. Owing to the dominant performance of g-C3N4 (graphitized carbonitride), an ordered assemble of a composite photocatalyst, Zn-Ni-P@g-C3N4, was successfully designed and controllably prepared for highly efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution. The electron transport routes were successfully adjusted and the H2 evolution was greatly improved. The maximum amount of H2 evolved reached about 531.2 μmol for 5 h over Zn-Ni-P@g-C3N4 photocatalyst with a molar ratio of Zn to Ni of 1:3 under illumination of 5 W LED white light (wavelength 420 nm). The H2 evolution rate was 54.7 times higher than that over pure g-C3N4. Moreover, no obvious reduction in the photocatalytic activity was observed even after 4 cycles of H2 production for 5 h. This synergistically increased effect was confirmed through the results of characterizations such as XRD, TEM, SEM, XPS, N2 adsorption, UV-vis DRS, transient photocurrent, FT-IR, transient fluorescence, and Mott-Schottky studies. These studies showed that the Zn-Ni-P nanoparticles modified on g-C3N4 provide more active sites and improve the efficiency of photogenerated charge separation. In addition, the possible mechanism of photocatalytic H2 production is proposed.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB3706802)。
文摘Automation and intelligence have become the primary trends in the design of investment casting processes.However,the design of gating and riser systems still lacks precise quantitative evaluation criteria.Numerical simulation plays a significant role in quantitatively evaluating current processes and making targeted improvements,but its limitations lie in the inability to dynamically reflect the formation outcomes of castings under varying process conditions,making real-time adjustments to gating and riser designs challenging.In this study,an automated design model for gating and riser systems based on integrated parametric 3D modeling-simulation framework is proposed,which enhances the flexibility and usability of evaluating the casting process by simulation.Firstly,geometric feature extraction technology is employed to obtain the geometric information of the target casting.Based on this information,an automated design framework for gating and riser systems is established,incorporating multiple structural parameters for real-time process control.Subsequently,the simulation results for various structural parameters are analyzed,and the influence of these parameters on casting formation is thoroughly investigated.Finally,the optimal design scheme is generated and validated through experimental verification.Simulation analysis and experimental results show that using a larger gate neck(24 mm in side length) and external risers promotes a more uniform temperature distribution and a more stable flow state,effectively eliminating shrinkage cavities and enhancing process yield by 15%.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFE0197100, 2023YFB4603500)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission (KQTD20190929172505711)+1 种基金supported by MOE SUTD Kickstarter initiative (SKI2021_02_16)Singapore Ministry of Education academic research grant Tier 2 (MOE-T2EP50121-0007).
文摘Organohydrogel-based strain sensors are gaining attention for real-time health services and human-machine interactions due to their flexibility,stretchability,and skin-like compliance.However,these sensors often have limited sensitivity and poor stability due to their bulk structure and strain concentration during stretching.In this study,we designed and fabricated diamond-,grid-,and peanut-shaped organohydrogel based on positive,near-zero,and negative Poisson’s ratios using digital light processing(DLP)-based 3D printing technology.Through structural design and optimization,the grid-shaped organohydrogel exhibited record sensitivity with gauge factors of 4.5(0–200%strain,ionic mode)and 13.5/1.5×10^(6)(0-2%/2%-100%strain,electronic mode),alongside full resistance recovery for enhanced stability.The 3D-printed grid structure enabled direct wearability and breathability,overcoming traditional sensor limitations.Integrated with a robotic hand system,this sensor demonstrated clinical potential through precise monitoring of paralyzed patients’grasping movements(with a minimum monitoring angle of 5°).This structural design paradigm advanced flexible electronics by synergizing high sensitivity,stability,wearability,and breathability for healthcare,and human-machine interfaces.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.52175069 and NO.52305043).
文摘The wrist unit is crucial in humanoid robots,determining their operational dexterity and precision.To address current challenges such as excessive size,limited Degrees of Freedom(DoFs),and insufficient load capacity,we propose a 3-DoF humanoid wrist inspired by the human forearm and wrist anatomy.This paper explores the principles of wrist bionic design and introduces a parallel mechanism actuated by a brushless DC motor(BLDC)-ball screw to achieve flexion/extension(F/E)and radial flexion/ulnar deviation(R/U),as along with pronation/supination(P/S)through an end-coupling design.We conducted an analysis on the inverse kinematic model and singularities of the humanoid wrist.Additionally,the workspace and motion capabilities of the humanoid wrist were evaluated.A prototype based on this design was built to demonstrate its motion and functional performance,verifying the feasibility and practicality of the humanoid wrist.This research provides a more compact design approach for future humanoid wrist development.
基金funded by the Chinese State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co.,Ltd.Science and Technology Project Funding,Grant Number J2023031.
文摘Accurate vector extraction from design drawings is required first to automatically create 3D models from pixel-level engineering design drawings. However, this task faces the challenges of complicated design shapes as well as cumbersome and cluttered annotations on drawings, which interfere with the vector extraction heavily. In this article, the transmission tower containing the most complex structure is taken as the research object, and a semantic segmentation network is constructed to first segment the shape masks from the pixel-level drawings. Preprocessing and postprocessing are also proposed to ensure the stability and accuracy of the shape mask segmentation. Then, based on the obtained shape masks, a vector extraction network guided by heatmaps is designed to extract structural vectors by fusing the features from node heatmap and skeleton heatmap, respectively. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, experiment results illustrate that the proposed semantic segmentation method can effectively eliminate the interference of many elements on drawings to segment the shape masks effectively, meanwhile, the model trained by the proposed vector extraction network can accurately extract the vectors such as nodes and line connections, avoiding redundant vector detection. The proposed method lays a solid foundation for automatic 3D model reconstruction and contributes to technological advancements in relevant fields.
基金supported by the Ongoing Research Funding Program(Grant No.ORFFT-2025-025-4)at King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.The grant was awarded to Yassir M.Abbas。
文摘The rapid advancement of three-dimensional printed concrete(3DPC)requires intelligent and interpretable frameworks to optimize mixture design for strength,printability,and sustainability.While machine learning(ML)models have improved predictive accuracy,their limited transparency has hindered their widespread adoption in materials engineering.To overcome this barrier,this study introduces a Random Forests ensemble learning model integrated with SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)and Partial Dependence Plots(PDPs)to model and explain the compressive strength behavior of 3DPC mixtures.Unlike conventional“black-box”models,SHAP quantifies each variable’s contribution to predictions based on cooperative game theory,which enables causal interpretability,whereas PDP visualizes nonlinear and interactive effects between features that offer practical mix design insights.A systematically optimized random forest model achieved strong generalization(R2=0.978 for training,0.834 for validation,and 0.868 for testing).The analysis identified curing age,Portland cement,silica fume,and the water-tobinder ratio as dominant predictors,with curing age exerting the highest positive influence on strength development.The integrated SHAP-PDP framework revealed synergistic interactions among binder constituents and curing parameters,which established transparent,data-driven guidelines for performance optimization.Theoretically,the study advances explainable artificial intelligence in cementitious material science by linking microstructural mechanisms to model-based reasoning,thereby enhancing both the interpretability and applicability of ML-driven mix design for next-generation 3DPC systems.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0207300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22179142 and 22075314)+1 种基金Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(Grant No.2024ZB051 and 2023ZB836)the technical support for Nano-X from Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(SINANO).
文摘Solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)have attracted much attention for their safety,ease of packaging,costeffectiveness,excellent flexibility and stability.Poly-dioxolane(PDOL)is one of the most promising matrix materials of SPEs due to its remarkable compatibility with lithium metal anodes(LMAs)and suitability for in-situ polymerization.However,poor thermal stability,insufficient ionic conductivity and narrow electrochemical stability window(ESW)hinder its further application in lithium metal batteries(LMBs).To ameliorate these problems,we have successfully synthesized a polymerized-ionic-liquid(PIL)monomer named DIMTFSI by modifying DOL with imidazolium cation coupled with TFSI^(-)anion,which simultaneously inherits the lipophilicity of DOL,high ionic conductivity of imidazole,and excellent stability of PILs.Then the tridentate crosslinker trimethylolpropane tris[3-(2-methyl-1-aziridine)propionate](TTMAP)was introduced to regulate the excessive Li^(+)-O coordination and prepare a flame-retardant SPE(DT-SPE)with prominent thermal stability,wide ESW,high ionic conductivity and abundant Lit transference numbers(t_(Li+)).As a result,the LiFePO_(4)|DT-SPE|Li cell exhibits a high initial discharge specific capacity of 149.60 mAh g^(-1)at 0.2C and 30℃with a capacity retention rate of 98.68%after 500 cycles.This work provides new insights into the structural design of PIL-based electrolytes for long-cycling LMBs with high safety and stability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52174321,52274339 and 52074186).
文摘The reaction behavior between CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–La_(2)O_(3)-based slags and La-bearing FeCrAl melt was quantitatively characterized,which was further compared with the reaction behavior of CaO–SiO_(2)-based slags.Based on this,the new type of mold flux for La-bearing FeCrAl alloy continuous casting was designed and its basic properties were evaluated.The results showed that the order of reaction degree of fluxing agents in CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–La_(2)O_(3)-based slags is(Na_(2)O)>(B_(2)O_(3))>(Li_(2)O),and the percentages of mass change of fluxing agents were 85.8,54.29 and 42.35 wt.%,respectively.Moreover,the addition of(Li_(2)O)and(Na_(2)O)promoted the reaction between(CaO)and[Al],and the reaction degree of the former was weaker than that of the latter,which was due to the greater effect of(Na_(2)O)on the activity of(CaO)and(Al_(2)O_(3))than(Li_(2)O).Compared with the reactivity of CaO–SiO_(2)-based slags,the percentages of mass change of Al and La caused by slag–steel reaction decreased by 10.63–14.36 and 39.78–50.49 wt.%,respectively.The percentages of mass change of(Al_(2)O_(3)),(La_(2)O_(3))and(CaO)in slags highest increased by 17.71,17.98,and 7.81 wt.%,respectively.The reactivity of CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–La_(2)O_(3)-based slags was significantly weakened.Ultimately,the new type of mold flux was designed and the composition range was determined.The fundamental properties of new mold flux basically meet the theoretical requirements for La-bearing FeCrAl alloy continuous casting.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22174067,22204078,22102052,and 22374077)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20220370)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education(22KJB150009)the Jiangsu Association for Science and Technology(TJ-2023-076)。
文摘The electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(eCO_(2)RR)offers significant potential for closing the anthropogenic carbon cycle while simultaneously enabling the storage of intermittent sustainable energy.The synthesis of C_(3+)products from eCO_(2)RR is particularly appealing due to their higher commercial value compared to C_(1) or C_(2) compounds,and their crucial roles as high-energy-density fuels or feedstocks for a wide range of industrial applications.This encourages us to summarize recent notable progress in enhancing C_(3+)production.This review starts from the formation pathways of C_(3+)products by delving into key intermediates and ^(*)C–^(*)C coupling reactions for mechanistic investigations.Subsequently,we discuss the representative eCO_(2)RR electrocatalysts for C_(3+)synthesis,including Cu and non-Cu catalysts,highlighting typical design strategies for markedly promoting the catalytic performance or expanding the range of products.Additionally,we also emphasize system upgrading strategies,covering manipulation of electrolysis conditions,microenvironment regulation,and cascade catalysis,for facilitating C_(3+)production.We finally end with future directions in this rapidly advancing field.By elucidating the formation mechanisms,catalyst design principles,and system upgrading strategies,this review is expected to draw significant attention to C_(3+)products and stimulate further research into developing advanced catalytic systems for their efficient synthesis.
文摘The application of virtual reality technology has become more and more influential in garden design. Quest3D as a significant software to realize the virtual reality technology is utilized in this study to make a garden roaming demonstration system with the gardening design of a classical courtyard as an example. Besides, the advantages and disadvantages of applying Quest3D technology in garden landscape design are elaborated from the perspective of the selection of Quest3D technology, basic procedures for the selection and establishment of software and hardware.
基金financially supported by the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51971111)。
文摘Metamaterials refer to a class of artificial composite structures with supernormal physical properties that natural materials do not have.The emergence of metamaterials has opened up new research directions for classical electromagnetic theory and made it possible to manipulate electromagnetic waves effectively.One of most important applications of metamaterials is metamaterial absorbers(MMAs).The properties of MMAs depend on the material composition,cell size and structure,which could often achieve"perfect"absorption through reasonable design.This review starts with the development of MMAs and describes the status of this absorber,then mainly focuses on bionic design and new artificial design.Specifically,it is to draw inspiration from natural plants and animals,design novel structures to get better absorbing properties.Furthermore,the artificial design can achieve the optimize absorption capacity as well as absorption bandwidth.What’s more,this review summarizes the 3D printing technology to prepare MMAs that are different from traditional printed circuit board technology.The MMAs produced by 3D printing technology can prepare more complex shapes,and has light weight and better absorbing properties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21862002,41663012)the Innovation Team Project of North Minzu University(YCX18082)the Scientific Research Project of North Minzu University(2016 HG-KY 06)~~
文摘Synthesizing a stable and efficient photocatalyst has been the most important research goal up to now. Owing to the dominant performance of g-C3N4 (graphitized carbonitride), an ordered assemble of a composite photocatalyst, Zn-Ni-P@g-C3N4, was successfully designed and controllably prepared for highly efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution. The electron transport routes were successfully adjusted and the H2 evolution was greatly improved. The maximum amount of H2 evolved reached about 531.2 μmol for 5 h over Zn-Ni-P@g-C3N4 photocatalyst with a molar ratio of Zn to Ni of 1:3 under illumination of 5 W LED white light (wavelength 420 nm). The H2 evolution rate was 54.7 times higher than that over pure g-C3N4. Moreover, no obvious reduction in the photocatalytic activity was observed even after 4 cycles of H2 production for 5 h. This synergistically increased effect was confirmed through the results of characterizations such as XRD, TEM, SEM, XPS, N2 adsorption, UV-vis DRS, transient photocurrent, FT-IR, transient fluorescence, and Mott-Schottky studies. These studies showed that the Zn-Ni-P nanoparticles modified on g-C3N4 provide more active sites and improve the efficiency of photogenerated charge separation. In addition, the possible mechanism of photocatalytic H2 production is proposed.
