Brain tumor segmentation from Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)supports neurologists and radiologists in analyzing tumors and developing personalized treatment plans,making it a crucial yet challenging task.Supervised m...Brain tumor segmentation from Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)supports neurologists and radiologists in analyzing tumors and developing personalized treatment plans,making it a crucial yet challenging task.Supervised models such as 3D U-Net perform well in this domain,but their accuracy significantly improves with appropriate preprocessing.This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of preprocessing in brain tumor segmentation by applying a pre-segmentation step based on the Generalized Gaussian Mixture Model(GGMM)to T1 contrastenhanced MRI scans from the BraTS 2020 dataset.The Expectation-Maximization(EM)algorithm is employed to estimate parameters for four tissue classes,generating a new pre-segmented channel that enhances the training and performance of the 3DU-Net model.The proposed GGMM+3D U-Net framework achieved a Dice coefficient of 0.88 for whole tumor segmentation,outperforming both the standard multiscale 3D U-Net(0.84)and MMU-Net(0.85).It also delivered higher Intersection over Union(IoU)scores compared to models trained without preprocessing or with simpler GMM-based segmentation.These results,supported by qualitative visualizations,suggest that GGMM-based preprocessing should be integrated into brain tumor segmentation pipelines to optimize performance.展开更多
Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have transformed three-dimensional(3D)optical imaging and metrology,enabling high-resolution and high-precision 3D surface geometry measurements from one single fringe pa...Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have transformed three-dimensional(3D)optical imaging and metrology,enabling high-resolution and high-precision 3D surface geometry measurements from one single fringe pattern projection.However,the imaging speed of conventional fringe projection profilometry(FPP)remains limited by the native sensor refresh rates due to the inherent"one-to-one"synchronization mechanism between pattern projection and image acquisition in standard structured light techniques.Here,we present dual-frequency angular-multiplexed fringe projection profilometry(DFAMFPP),a deep learning-enabled 3D imaging technique that achieves high-speed,high-precision,and large-depth-range absolute 3D surface measurements at speeds 16 times faster than the sensor's native frame rate.By encoding multi-timeframe 3D information into a single multiplexed image using multiple pairs of dual-frequency fringes,high-accuracy absolute phase maps are reconstructed using specially trained two-stage number-theoretical-based deep neural networks.We validate the effectiveness of DFAMFPP through dynamic scene measurements,achieving 10,000 Hz 3D imaging of a running turbofan engine prototype with only a 625 Hz camera.By overcoming the sensor hardware bottleneck,DFAMFPP significantly advances high-speed and ultra-high-speed 3D imaging,opening new avenues for exploring dynamic processes across diverse scientific disciplines.展开更多
We present the Fourier lightfield multiview stereoscope(FiLM-Scope).This imaging device combines concepts from Fourier lightfield microscopy and multiview stereo imaging to capture high-resolution 3D videos over large...We present the Fourier lightfield multiview stereoscope(FiLM-Scope).This imaging device combines concepts from Fourier lightfield microscopy and multiview stereo imaging to capture high-resolution 3D videos over large fields of view.The FiLM-Scope optical hardware consists of a multicamera array,with 48 individual microcameras,placed behind a high-throughput primary lens.This allows the FiLM-Scope to simultaneously capture 48 unique 12.8 megapixel images of a 28×37 mm field-of-view,from unique angular perspectives over a 21 deg×29 deg range,with down to 22μm lateral resolution.We also describe a self-supervised algorithm to reconstruct 3D height maps from these images.Our approach demonstrates height accuracy down to 11μm.To showcase the utility of our system,we perform tool tracking over the surface of an ex vivo rat skull and visualize the 3D deformation in stretching human skin,with videos captured at up to 100 frames per second.The FiLM-Scope has the potential to improve 3D visualization in a range of microsurgical settings.展开更多
Electron cyclotron emission imaging(ECEI)is a critical diagnostic tool for measuring two-dimensional electron temperature fluctuations.The optical system,a key component of the ECEI diagnostic,determines the spatial r...Electron cyclotron emission imaging(ECEI)is a critical diagnostic tool for measuring two-dimensional electron temperature fluctuations.The optical system,a key component of the ECEI diagnostic,determines the spatial resolution,field of view,and imaging performance of electron temperature fluctuations.In this study,comprehensive laboratory tests and characterizations of the optical system,including the local oscillator(LO)coupling optics and the radio frequency(RF)receiving optics,were conducted to ensure optimal performance during plasma discharge experiments.Laboratory testing of the LO optics revealed that the light intensity at the edge channels reaches 36%of that at the central channels;however,both are sufficient to effectively drive the down-converted mixers.The RF optics focus covers the entire non-harmonic overlap region,corresponding to a normalized plasma minor radius range of ρ=−0.2 to 0.9,and offers three zoom modes:narrow,medium,and wide,with poloidal resolutions of 1.5 cm,1.8 cm,and 2.1 cm,respectively.The characterizations for these zoom modes align well with the optical design specifications.It was observed that the imaging surfaces of all zoom modes are exceptionally flat,indicating high-quality ECEI measurements with excellent spatial resolution.The LO lens,focusing lens,and zoom adjustment lens are capable of remote independent control,which enhances the operational flexibility of the system.Preliminary analyses conducted with the ECEI system successfully captured the two-dimensional structure and spatiotemporal evolution of phenomena such as sawtooth crashes,demonstrating the robust capability of the system to provide valuable insights into plasma dynamics.展开更多
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)combined with serum endothelin and galactagoglobin-3(Gal-3)can improve the clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus complicated with cerebral infarction.AIM To analyze the clin...BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)combined with serum endothelin and galactagoglobin-3(Gal-3)can improve the clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus complicated with cerebral infarction.AIM To analyze the clinical value of MRI combined with serum endolipin and Gal-3 for the diagnosis of cerebral infarction in the elderly with diabetes mellitus.METHODS One hundred and fifty patients with acute cerebral infarction hospitalized between January 2021 and December 2023 were divided into two groups according to comorbid diabetes mellitus,including 62 and 88 cases in the diabetic and nondiabetic cerebral infarction groups.Serum samples were collected to detect the expression of serum endolipoxins,and Gal-3,and cranial MRI was performed at admission.Differences between the two groups were compared to analyze the diagnostic value of these parameters.RESULTS Serum endolipin and Gal-3 expression were higher in the diabetic cerebral infarction group(P<0.05).The arterial wall area,vessel area,normalized wall index,and lumen stenosis rate were higher in the diabetic cerebral infarction group,while the rate of arterial lumen moderate and severe stenosis was 48.39% higher(36.36%,P<0.05).The percentage of large(29.03%)and multiple infarcts(33.87%)in the diabetic cerebral infarction group was higher(13.64% and 20.45%),and the incidence rate of lacunar infarcts was lower(37.10%vs 65.91%)(P<0.05).The total incidence of arterial plaque in patients in the diabetic cerebral infarction group was 96.77% higher(69.32%),while the incidence of necrotic lipid core plaque was 58.06%higher(26.14%)(P<0.05).Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnosis utility of these techniques.MRI in combination with serum endoglin and Gal-3 had the highest area under the curve,the Yoden index,sensitivity and specificity(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The expression of serum endolipin and Gal-3 in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus with cerebral infarction showed an elevated trend,and the degree of luminal stenosis was severe.MRI predominantly revealed large and multiple infarct foci.This combined index examination can improve the clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus combined with cerebral infarction.展开更多
Research has been conducted to reduce resource consumption in 3D medical image segmentation for diverse resource-constrained environments.However,decreasing the number of parameters to enhance computational efficiency...Research has been conducted to reduce resource consumption in 3D medical image segmentation for diverse resource-constrained environments.However,decreasing the number of parameters to enhance computational efficiency can also lead to performance degradation.Moreover,these methods face challenges in balancing global and local features,increasing the risk of errors in multi-scale segmentation.This issue is particularly pronounced when segmenting small and complex structures within the human body.To address this problem,we propose a multi-stage hierarchical architecture composed of a detector and a segmentor.The detector extracts regions of interest(ROIs)in a 3D image,while the segmentor performs segmentation in the extracted ROI.Removing unnecessary areas in the detector allows the segmentation to be performed on a more compact input.The segmentor is designed with multiple stages,where each stage utilizes different input sizes.It implements a stage-skippingmechanism that deactivates certain stages using the initial input size.This approach minimizes unnecessary computations on segmenting the essential regions to reduce computational overhead.The proposed framework preserves segmentation performance while reducing resource consumption,enabling segmentation even in resource-constrained environments.展开更多
Background In recent years,the demand for interactive photorealistic three-dimensional(3D)environments has increased in various fields,including architecture,engineering,and entertainment.However,achieving a balance b...Background In recent years,the demand for interactive photorealistic three-dimensional(3D)environments has increased in various fields,including architecture,engineering,and entertainment.However,achieving a balance between the quality and efficiency of high-performance 3D applications and virtual reality(VR)remains challenging.Methods This study addresses this issue by revisiting and extending view interpolation for image-based rendering(IBR),which enables the exploration of spacious open environments in 3D and VR.Therefore,we introduce multimorphing,a novel rendering method based on the spatial data structure of 2D image patches,called the image graph.Using this approach,novel views can be rendered with up to six degrees of freedom using only a sparse set of views.The rendering process does not require 3D reconstruction of the geometry or per-pixel depth information,and all relevant data for the output are extracted from the local morphing cells of the image graph.The detection of parallax image regions during preprocessing reduces rendering artifacts by extrapolating image patches from adjacent cells in real-time.In addition,a GPU-based solution was presented to resolve exposure inconsistencies within a dataset,enabling seamless transitions of brightness when moving between areas with varying light intensities.Results Experiments on multiple real-world and synthetic scenes demonstrate that the presented method achieves high"VR-compatible"frame rates,even on mid-range and legacy hardware,respectively.While achieving adequate visual quality even for sparse datasets,it outperforms other IBR and current neural rendering approaches.Conclusions Using the correspondence-based decomposition of input images into morphing cells of 2D image patches,multidimensional image morphing provides high-performance novel view generation,supporting open 3D and VR environments.Nevertheless,the handling of morphing artifacts in the parallax image regions remains a topic for future research.展开更多
Single-pixel imaging(SPI)can transform 2D or 3D image data into 1D light signals,which offers promising prospects for image compression and transmission.However,during data communication these light signals in public ...Single-pixel imaging(SPI)can transform 2D or 3D image data into 1D light signals,which offers promising prospects for image compression and transmission.However,during data communication these light signals in public channels will easily draw the attention of eavesdroppers.Here,we introduce an efficient encryption method for SPI data transmission that uses the 3D Arnold transformation to directly disrupt 1D single-pixel light signals and utilizes the elliptic curve encryption algorithm for key transmission.This encryption scheme immediately employs Hadamard patterns to illuminate the scene and then utilizes the 3D Arnold transformation to permutate the 1D light signal of single-pixel detection.Then the transformation parameters serve as the secret key,while the security of key exchange is guaranteed by an elliptic curve-based key exchange mechanism.Compared with existing encryption schemes,both computer simulations and optical experiments have been conducted to demonstrate that the proposed technique not only enhances the security of encryption but also eliminates the need for complicated pattern scrambling rules.Additionally,this approach solves the problem of secure key transmission,thus ensuring the security of information and the quality of the decrypted images.展开更多
To further research on high-parameter plasma,we plan to develop a two-dimensional hard X-ray(HXR)imaging system at the HL-3 tokamak to measure HXRs with energies ranging from 20 to 300 keV.The application of an array-...To further research on high-parameter plasma,we plan to develop a two-dimensional hard X-ray(HXR)imaging system at the HL-3 tokamak to measure HXRs with energies ranging from 20 to 300 keV.The application of an array-structured detector ensures that this system can measure HXR-radiation spectra from the entire plasma cross section.Therefore,it is suitable for the study of fast-electron physics,such as radio-frequency wave current drives,fast electrons driving instabilities,and plasma disruptions in fusion research.In this study,we develop a simulation for calculating fast-electron bremsstrahlung in the HL-3 tokamak based on the Monte Carlo simulation code Geant4,in which the plasma geometry and forward scattering of fast-electron bremsstrahlung are considered.The preliminary calculation results indicate that the HXR energy deposi-tion on the detector is symmetrically distributed,even though the plasma distribution is asymmetric owing to the toroidal effect.These simulation results are helpful in constructing the relationship between the energy deposition on the detector and parameter distribution on the plasma cross section during HL-3 experiments.This is beneficial for the reconstruction of the fast-electron-distribution function and for optimizing the design of the HXR-imaging system.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)cell cultures have contributed to a variety of biological research fields by filling the gap between monolayers and animal models.The modern optical sectioning microscopic methods make it possible...Three-dimensional(3D)cell cultures have contributed to a variety of biological research fields by filling the gap between monolayers and animal models.The modern optical sectioning microscopic methods make it possible to probe the complexity of 3D cell cultures but are limited by the inherent opaqueness.While tissue optical clearing methods have emerged as powerful tools for investigating whole-mount tissues in 3D,they often have limitations,such as being too harsh for fragile 3D cell cultures,requiring complex handling protocols,or inducing tissue deformation with shrinkage or expansion.To address this issue,we proposed a modified optical clearing method for 3D cell cultures,called MACS-W,which is simple,highly efficient,and morphology-preserving.In our evaluation of MACS-W,we found that it exhibits excellent clearing capability in just 10 min,with minimal deformation,and helps drug evaluation on tumor spheroids.In summary,MACS-W is a fast,minimally-deformative and fluorescence compatible clearing method that has the potential to be widely used in the studies of 3D cell cultures.展开更多
Multicharged supramolecular assemblies based on luminescent macrocycle play an important role in extending their optical properties and functions.Herein,we reported macrocyclic supramolecular assemblies based on lumin...Multicharged supramolecular assemblies based on luminescent macrocycle play an important role in extending their optical properties and functions.Herein,we reported macrocyclic supramolecular assemblies based on luminescent terphen[3]arene sulfate(TP[3]AS)and tetraphenylethylene pyridinium(TPE-4Py)through electrostatic interactions,host-vip encapsulation andπ-πstacking interactions.F?rster resonance energy transfer(FRET)process from TP[3]AS to TPE-4Py was achieved with the energy transfer efficiency of 99.9%,accompanied by TPE-4Py fluorescence emission bathochromic shifted of 15 nm and enhanced by 1.68 times in PBS solution.In contrast,other non-luminescent sulfato-β-cyclodextrin and sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin only can enhance the fluorescence intensity of TPE-4Py without bathochromic shift.Due to the strong fluorescence and good stability of TPE-4Py@TP[3]AS,it can be used for optical imaging in living cells,which provided an effective approach for the construction of assembling-confined luminescent biomaterials.展开更多
BACKGROUND Non-invasive methods to diagnose non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),an inflammatory subtype of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),are currently unavailable.AIM To develop an integrin αvβ3-targeted ...BACKGROUND Non-invasive methods to diagnose non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),an inflammatory subtype of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),are currently unavailable.AIM To develop an integrin αvβ3-targeted molecular imaging modality to differentiate NASH.METHODS Integrinαvβ3 expression was assessed in Human LO2 hepatocytes Scultured with palmitic and oleic acids(FFA).Hepatic integrinαvβ3 expression was analyzed in rabbits fed a high-fat diet(HFD)and in rats fed a high-fat,high-carbohydrate diet(HFCD).After synthesis,cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide(cRGD)was labeled with gadolinium(Gd)and used as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)performed on mice fed with HFCD.RESULTS Integrin αvβ3 was markedly expressed on FFA-cultured hepatocytes,unlike the control hepatocytes.Hepatic integrin αvβ3 expression significantly increased in both HFD-fed rabbits and HFCD-fed rats as simple fatty liver(FL)progressed to steatohepatitis.The distribution of integrinαvβ3 in the liver of NASH cases largely overlapped with albumin-positive staining areas.In comparison to mice with simple FL,the relative liver MRI-T1 signal value at 60 minutes post-injection of Gd-labeled cRGD was significantly increased in mice with steatohepatitis(P<0.05),showing a positive correlation with the NAFLD activity score(r=0.945;P<0.01).Hepatic integrin αvβ3 expression was significantly upregulated during NASH development,with hepatocytes being the primary cells expressing integrin αvβ3.CONCLUSION After using Gd-labeled cRGD as a tracer,NASH was successfully distinguished by visualizing hepatic integrin αvβ3 expression with MRI.展开更多
Photoelectron velocity map images of Cu(CO)_(3)^(-)have been experimentally recorded in the 700-1100 nm range.The infrared-inactive Cu^(-)C symmetric stretching modes for Cu(CO)_(3)(v_(2)≈367 cm^(-1))and Cu(CO)_(3)^(...Photoelectron velocity map images of Cu(CO)_(3)^(-)have been experimentally recorded in the 700-1100 nm range.The infrared-inactive Cu^(-)C symmetric stretching modes for Cu(CO)_(3)(v_(2)≈367 cm^(-1))and Cu(CO)_(3)^(-)(v_(2)≈408 cm^(-1)),as well as the electron affinity(1.03±0.11 eV)of Cu(CO)_(3),are accurately determined from high resolution photoelectron spectra.In combination with quantum chemical calculations and bonding analyses,the coordination bonds in both Cu(CO)_(3)^(-)are Cu(CO)_(3)are found to be due to back-donationπbonding type,formed via electron promotion from Cu’s 4s orbital to the 4p orbital,which is consequently donated to the unoccupied anti-bondingπ*orbitals of the carbonyl groups.The attachment of an additional electron to Cu(CO)_(3)strengthens the Cu^(-)CO coordination,making Cu(CO)_(3)^(-)more stable.The intramolecular interactions between the Cu/Cu^(-)and carbonyl groups are found to be primarily governed by electrostatic forces and orbital interactions.展开更多
Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of ultrasound imaging for breast nodules of breast imaging-reporting and data system(BI-RADS)category 3 and above.Methods:From June 2021 to July 2022,163 patients with breast ...Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of ultrasound imaging for breast nodules of breast imaging-reporting and data system(BI-RADS)category 3 and above.Methods:From June 2021 to July 2022,163 patients with breast nodules of BI-RADS 3 or above were selected as the research subjects.After pathological diagnosis,24 cases were malignant breast nodules of BI-RADS 3 or above,while 139 cases were benign breast nodules of BI-RADS 3 or above.The diagnosis rate of malignant and benign breast nodules of BI-RADS 3 or above,including 95%CI,was observed and analyzed.Results:The malignant and benign detection rates of conventional ultrasound were 88.63%and 75.00%,respectively,and the malignant and benign detection rates of ultrasound imaging were 93.18%and 87.50%,respectively,with 95%CIs greater than 0.7.Conclusion:Ultrasound imaging can help improve the diagnostic accuracy of benign and malignant breast nodules of BI-RADS 3 and above and reduce the misdiagnosis rate.展开更多
基金Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2025R826),Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi ArabiaNorthern Border University,Saudi Arabia,for supporting this work through project number(NBU-CRP-2025-2933).
文摘Brain tumor segmentation from Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)supports neurologists and radiologists in analyzing tumors and developing personalized treatment plans,making it a crucial yet challenging task.Supervised models such as 3D U-Net perform well in this domain,but their accuracy significantly improves with appropriate preprocessing.This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of preprocessing in brain tumor segmentation by applying a pre-segmentation step based on the Generalized Gaussian Mixture Model(GGMM)to T1 contrastenhanced MRI scans from the BraTS 2020 dataset.The Expectation-Maximization(EM)algorithm is employed to estimate parameters for four tissue classes,generating a new pre-segmented channel that enhances the training and performance of the 3DU-Net model.The proposed GGMM+3D U-Net framework achieved a Dice coefficient of 0.88 for whole tumor segmentation,outperforming both the standard multiscale 3D U-Net(0.84)and MMU-Net(0.85).It also delivered higher Intersection over Union(IoU)scores compared to models trained without preprocessing or with simpler GMM-based segmentation.These results,supported by qualitative visualizations,suggest that GGMM-based preprocessing should be integrated into brain tumor segmentation pipelines to optimize performance.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB2804603,2022YFB2804605)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21B2033)+4 种基金Fundamental Research Funds forthe Central Universities(2023102001,2024202002)National Key Laborato-ry of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics(JCKYS2024212111)China Post-doctoral Science Fund(2023T160318)Open Research Fund of JiangsuKey Laboratory of Spectral Imaging&Intelligent Sense(JSGP202105,JSGP202201)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX25_0695,SJCX25_0188)。
文摘Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have transformed three-dimensional(3D)optical imaging and metrology,enabling high-resolution and high-precision 3D surface geometry measurements from one single fringe pattern projection.However,the imaging speed of conventional fringe projection profilometry(FPP)remains limited by the native sensor refresh rates due to the inherent"one-to-one"synchronization mechanism between pattern projection and image acquisition in standard structured light techniques.Here,we present dual-frequency angular-multiplexed fringe projection profilometry(DFAMFPP),a deep learning-enabled 3D imaging technique that achieves high-speed,high-precision,and large-depth-range absolute 3D surface measurements at speeds 16 times faster than the sensor's native frame rate.By encoding multi-timeframe 3D information into a single multiplexed image using multiple pairs of dual-frequency fringes,high-accuracy absolute phase maps are reconstructed using specially trained two-stage number-theoretical-based deep neural networks.We validate the effectiveness of DFAMFPP through dynamic scene measurements,achieving 10,000 Hz 3D imaging of a running turbofan engine prototype with only a 625 Hz camera.By overcoming the sensor hardware bottleneck,DFAMFPP significantly advances high-speed and ultra-high-speed 3D imaging,opening new avenues for exploring dynamic processes across diverse scientific disciplines.
基金supported by the National Cancer Institute(NCI)of the National Institutes of Health(Grant No.R44CA250877)the Office of Research Infrastructure Programs(ORIP),Office of the Director,National Institutes of Health,and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences(NIEHS)of the National Institutes of Health(Grant No.R44OD024879)+2 种基金the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering(NIBIB)of the National Institutes of Health(Grant No.R43EB030979)the National Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2036439 and 2238845)the Duke Coulter Translational Part-nership Award,the Fitzpatrick Institute at the Duke University.
文摘We present the Fourier lightfield multiview stereoscope(FiLM-Scope).This imaging device combines concepts from Fourier lightfield microscopy and multiview stereo imaging to capture high-resolution 3D videos over large fields of view.The FiLM-Scope optical hardware consists of a multicamera array,with 48 individual microcameras,placed behind a high-throughput primary lens.This allows the FiLM-Scope to simultaneously capture 48 unique 12.8 megapixel images of a 28×37 mm field-of-view,from unique angular perspectives over a 21 deg×29 deg range,with down to 22μm lateral resolution.We also describe a self-supervised algorithm to reconstruct 3D height maps from these images.Our approach demonstrates height accuracy down to 11μm.To showcase the utility of our system,we perform tool tracking over the surface of an ex vivo rat skull and visualize the 3D deformation in stretching human skin,with videos captured at up to 100 frames per second.The FiLM-Scope has the potential to improve 3D visualization in a range of microsurgical settings.
基金partly supported by the National MCF Energy R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE03060003)partly by the Chinese National Fusion Project for ITER(No.2024YFE03190000)+2 种基金partly by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12405254)partly by the Innovation Program of Southwestern Institute of Physics(No.202301XWCX001-02)partly by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2023ZYD0014).
文摘Electron cyclotron emission imaging(ECEI)is a critical diagnostic tool for measuring two-dimensional electron temperature fluctuations.The optical system,a key component of the ECEI diagnostic,determines the spatial resolution,field of view,and imaging performance of electron temperature fluctuations.In this study,comprehensive laboratory tests and characterizations of the optical system,including the local oscillator(LO)coupling optics and the radio frequency(RF)receiving optics,were conducted to ensure optimal performance during plasma discharge experiments.Laboratory testing of the LO optics revealed that the light intensity at the edge channels reaches 36%of that at the central channels;however,both are sufficient to effectively drive the down-converted mixers.The RF optics focus covers the entire non-harmonic overlap region,corresponding to a normalized plasma minor radius range of ρ=−0.2 to 0.9,and offers three zoom modes:narrow,medium,and wide,with poloidal resolutions of 1.5 cm,1.8 cm,and 2.1 cm,respectively.The characterizations for these zoom modes align well with the optical design specifications.It was observed that the imaging surfaces of all zoom modes are exceptionally flat,indicating high-quality ECEI measurements with excellent spatial resolution.The LO lens,focusing lens,and zoom adjustment lens are capable of remote independent control,which enhances the operational flexibility of the system.Preliminary analyses conducted with the ECEI system successfully captured the two-dimensional structure and spatiotemporal evolution of phenomena such as sawtooth crashes,demonstrating the robust capability of the system to provide valuable insights into plasma dynamics.
文摘BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)combined with serum endothelin and galactagoglobin-3(Gal-3)can improve the clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus complicated with cerebral infarction.AIM To analyze the clinical value of MRI combined with serum endolipin and Gal-3 for the diagnosis of cerebral infarction in the elderly with diabetes mellitus.METHODS One hundred and fifty patients with acute cerebral infarction hospitalized between January 2021 and December 2023 were divided into two groups according to comorbid diabetes mellitus,including 62 and 88 cases in the diabetic and nondiabetic cerebral infarction groups.Serum samples were collected to detect the expression of serum endolipoxins,and Gal-3,and cranial MRI was performed at admission.Differences between the two groups were compared to analyze the diagnostic value of these parameters.RESULTS Serum endolipin and Gal-3 expression were higher in the diabetic cerebral infarction group(P<0.05).The arterial wall area,vessel area,normalized wall index,and lumen stenosis rate were higher in the diabetic cerebral infarction group,while the rate of arterial lumen moderate and severe stenosis was 48.39% higher(36.36%,P<0.05).The percentage of large(29.03%)and multiple infarcts(33.87%)in the diabetic cerebral infarction group was higher(13.64% and 20.45%),and the incidence rate of lacunar infarcts was lower(37.10%vs 65.91%)(P<0.05).The total incidence of arterial plaque in patients in the diabetic cerebral infarction group was 96.77% higher(69.32%),while the incidence of necrotic lipid core plaque was 58.06%higher(26.14%)(P<0.05).Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnosis utility of these techniques.MRI in combination with serum endoglin and Gal-3 had the highest area under the curve,the Yoden index,sensitivity and specificity(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The expression of serum endolipin and Gal-3 in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus with cerebral infarction showed an elevated trend,and the degree of luminal stenosis was severe.MRI predominantly revealed large and multiple infarct foci.This combined index examination can improve the clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus combined with cerebral infarction.
文摘Research has been conducted to reduce resource consumption in 3D medical image segmentation for diverse resource-constrained environments.However,decreasing the number of parameters to enhance computational efficiency can also lead to performance degradation.Moreover,these methods face challenges in balancing global and local features,increasing the risk of errors in multi-scale segmentation.This issue is particularly pronounced when segmenting small and complex structures within the human body.To address this problem,we propose a multi-stage hierarchical architecture composed of a detector and a segmentor.The detector extracts regions of interest(ROIs)in a 3D image,while the segmentor performs segmentation in the extracted ROI.Removing unnecessary areas in the detector allows the segmentation to be performed on a more compact input.The segmentor is designed with multiple stages,where each stage utilizes different input sizes.It implements a stage-skippingmechanism that deactivates certain stages using the initial input size.This approach minimizes unnecessary computations on segmenting the essential regions to reduce computational overhead.The proposed framework preserves segmentation performance while reducing resource consumption,enabling segmentation even in resource-constrained environments.
基金Supported by the Bavarian Academic Forum(BayWISS),as a part of the joint academic partnership digitalization program.
文摘Background In recent years,the demand for interactive photorealistic three-dimensional(3D)environments has increased in various fields,including architecture,engineering,and entertainment.However,achieving a balance between the quality and efficiency of high-performance 3D applications and virtual reality(VR)remains challenging.Methods This study addresses this issue by revisiting and extending view interpolation for image-based rendering(IBR),which enables the exploration of spacious open environments in 3D and VR.Therefore,we introduce multimorphing,a novel rendering method based on the spatial data structure of 2D image patches,called the image graph.Using this approach,novel views can be rendered with up to six degrees of freedom using only a sparse set of views.The rendering process does not require 3D reconstruction of the geometry or per-pixel depth information,and all relevant data for the output are extracted from the local morphing cells of the image graph.The detection of parallax image regions during preprocessing reduces rendering artifacts by extrapolating image patches from adjacent cells in real-time.In addition,a GPU-based solution was presented to resolve exposure inconsistencies within a dataset,enabling seamless transitions of brightness when moving between areas with varying light intensities.Results Experiments on multiple real-world and synthetic scenes demonstrate that the presented method achieves high"VR-compatible"frame rates,even on mid-range and legacy hardware,respectively.While achieving adequate visual quality even for sparse datasets,it outperforms other IBR and current neural rendering approaches.Conclusions Using the correspondence-based decomposition of input images into morphing cells of 2D image patches,multidimensional image morphing provides high-performance novel view generation,supporting open 3D and VR environments.Nevertheless,the handling of morphing artifacts in the parallax image regions remains a topic for future research.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62075241).
文摘Single-pixel imaging(SPI)can transform 2D or 3D image data into 1D light signals,which offers promising prospects for image compression and transmission.However,during data communication these light signals in public channels will easily draw the attention of eavesdroppers.Here,we introduce an efficient encryption method for SPI data transmission that uses the 3D Arnold transformation to directly disrupt 1D single-pixel light signals and utilizes the elliptic curve encryption algorithm for key transmission.This encryption scheme immediately employs Hadamard patterns to illuminate the scene and then utilizes the 3D Arnold transformation to permutate the 1D light signal of single-pixel detection.Then the transformation parameters serve as the secret key,while the security of key exchange is guaranteed by an elliptic curve-based key exchange mechanism.Compared with existing encryption schemes,both computer simulations and optical experiments have been conducted to demonstrate that the proposed technique not only enhances the security of encryption but also eliminates the need for complicated pattern scrambling rules.Additionally,this approach solves the problem of secure key transmission,thus ensuring the security of information and the quality of the decrypted images.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12305239)Scientific Research Foundation of Chongqing University of Technology(No.2023ZDZ053)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFE03010001).
文摘To further research on high-parameter plasma,we plan to develop a two-dimensional hard X-ray(HXR)imaging system at the HL-3 tokamak to measure HXRs with energies ranging from 20 to 300 keV.The application of an array-structured detector ensures that this system can measure HXR-radiation spectra from the entire plasma cross section.Therefore,it is suitable for the study of fast-electron physics,such as radio-frequency wave current drives,fast electrons driving instabilities,and plasma disruptions in fusion research.In this study,we develop a simulation for calculating fast-electron bremsstrahlung in the HL-3 tokamak based on the Monte Carlo simulation code Geant4,in which the plasma geometry and forward scattering of fast-electron bremsstrahlung are considered.The preliminary calculation results indicate that the HXR energy deposi-tion on the detector is symmetrically distributed,even though the plasma distribution is asymmetric owing to the toroidal effect.These simulation results are helpful in constructing the relationship between the energy deposition on the detector and parameter distribution on the plasma cross section during HL-3 experiments.This is beneficial for the reconstruction of the fast-electron-distribution function and for optimizing the design of the HXR-imaging system.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0700501),and the Innovation Fund of WNLO.
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)cell cultures have contributed to a variety of biological research fields by filling the gap between monolayers and animal models.The modern optical sectioning microscopic methods make it possible to probe the complexity of 3D cell cultures but are limited by the inherent opaqueness.While tissue optical clearing methods have emerged as powerful tools for investigating whole-mount tissues in 3D,they often have limitations,such as being too harsh for fragile 3D cell cultures,requiring complex handling protocols,or inducing tissue deformation with shrinkage or expansion.To address this issue,we proposed a modified optical clearing method for 3D cell cultures,called MACS-W,which is simple,highly efficient,and morphology-preserving.In our evaluation of MACS-W,we found that it exhibits excellent clearing capability in just 10 min,with minimal deformation,and helps drug evaluation on tumor spheroids.In summary,MACS-W is a fast,minimally-deformative and fluorescence compatible clearing method that has the potential to be widely used in the studies of 3D cell cultures.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21971192,21807038)the Tianjin Municipal Education Commission(No.2021KJ188)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021T140343)。
文摘Multicharged supramolecular assemblies based on luminescent macrocycle play an important role in extending their optical properties and functions.Herein,we reported macrocyclic supramolecular assemblies based on luminescent terphen[3]arene sulfate(TP[3]AS)and tetraphenylethylene pyridinium(TPE-4Py)through electrostatic interactions,host-vip encapsulation andπ-πstacking interactions.F?rster resonance energy transfer(FRET)process from TP[3]AS to TPE-4Py was achieved with the energy transfer efficiency of 99.9%,accompanied by TPE-4Py fluorescence emission bathochromic shifted of 15 nm and enhanced by 1.68 times in PBS solution.In contrast,other non-luminescent sulfato-β-cyclodextrin and sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin only can enhance the fluorescence intensity of TPE-4Py without bathochromic shift.Due to the strong fluorescence and good stability of TPE-4Py@TP[3]AS,it can be used for optical imaging in living cells,which provided an effective approach for the construction of assembling-confined luminescent biomaterials.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81670513and Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81900511。
文摘BACKGROUND Non-invasive methods to diagnose non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),an inflammatory subtype of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),are currently unavailable.AIM To develop an integrin αvβ3-targeted molecular imaging modality to differentiate NASH.METHODS Integrinαvβ3 expression was assessed in Human LO2 hepatocytes Scultured with palmitic and oleic acids(FFA).Hepatic integrinαvβ3 expression was analyzed in rabbits fed a high-fat diet(HFD)and in rats fed a high-fat,high-carbohydrate diet(HFCD).After synthesis,cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide(cRGD)was labeled with gadolinium(Gd)and used as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)performed on mice fed with HFCD.RESULTS Integrin αvβ3 was markedly expressed on FFA-cultured hepatocytes,unlike the control hepatocytes.Hepatic integrin αvβ3 expression significantly increased in both HFD-fed rabbits and HFCD-fed rats as simple fatty liver(FL)progressed to steatohepatitis.The distribution of integrinαvβ3 in the liver of NASH cases largely overlapped with albumin-positive staining areas.In comparison to mice with simple FL,the relative liver MRI-T1 signal value at 60 minutes post-injection of Gd-labeled cRGD was significantly increased in mice with steatohepatitis(P<0.05),showing a positive correlation with the NAFLD activity score(r=0.945;P<0.01).Hepatic integrin αvβ3 expression was significantly upregulated during NASH development,with hepatocytes being the primary cells expressing integrin αvβ3.CONCLUSION After using Gd-labeled cRGD as a tracer,NASH was successfully distinguished by visualizing hepatic integrin αvβ3 expression with MRI.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22173089 and No.22103075)the National Key R&D Program of Chi-na(No.2021YFA0716801)Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(2021ZD0300301).
文摘Photoelectron velocity map images of Cu(CO)_(3)^(-)have been experimentally recorded in the 700-1100 nm range.The infrared-inactive Cu^(-)C symmetric stretching modes for Cu(CO)_(3)(v_(2)≈367 cm^(-1))and Cu(CO)_(3)^(-)(v_(2)≈408 cm^(-1)),as well as the electron affinity(1.03±0.11 eV)of Cu(CO)_(3),are accurately determined from high resolution photoelectron spectra.In combination with quantum chemical calculations and bonding analyses,the coordination bonds in both Cu(CO)_(3)^(-)are Cu(CO)_(3)are found to be due to back-donationπbonding type,formed via electron promotion from Cu’s 4s orbital to the 4p orbital,which is consequently donated to the unoccupied anti-bondingπ*orbitals of the carbonyl groups.The attachment of an additional electron to Cu(CO)_(3)strengthens the Cu^(-)CO coordination,making Cu(CO)_(3)^(-)more stable.The intramolecular interactions between the Cu/Cu^(-)and carbonyl groups are found to be primarily governed by electrostatic forces and orbital interactions.
文摘Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of ultrasound imaging for breast nodules of breast imaging-reporting and data system(BI-RADS)category 3 and above.Methods:From June 2021 to July 2022,163 patients with breast nodules of BI-RADS 3 or above were selected as the research subjects.After pathological diagnosis,24 cases were malignant breast nodules of BI-RADS 3 or above,while 139 cases were benign breast nodules of BI-RADS 3 or above.The diagnosis rate of malignant and benign breast nodules of BI-RADS 3 or above,including 95%CI,was observed and analyzed.Results:The malignant and benign detection rates of conventional ultrasound were 88.63%and 75.00%,respectively,and the malignant and benign detection rates of ultrasound imaging were 93.18%and 87.50%,respectively,with 95%CIs greater than 0.7.Conclusion:Ultrasound imaging can help improve the diagnostic accuracy of benign and malignant breast nodules of BI-RADS 3 and above and reduce the misdiagnosis rate.
