Wireless Sensor Network(WSNs)consists of a group of nodes that analyze the information from surrounding regions.The sensor nodes are responsible for accumulating and exchanging information.Generally,node local-ization...Wireless Sensor Network(WSNs)consists of a group of nodes that analyze the information from surrounding regions.The sensor nodes are responsible for accumulating and exchanging information.Generally,node local-ization is the process of identifying the target node’s location.In this research work,a Received Signal Strength Indicator(RSSI)-based optimal node localization approach is proposed to solve the complexities in the conventional node localization models.Initially,the RSSI value is identified using the Deep Neural Network(DNN).The RSSI is conceded as the range-based method and it does not require special hardware for the node localization process,also it consumes a very minimal amount of cost for localizing the nodes in 3D WSN.The position of the anchor nodes is fixed for detecting the location of the target.Further,the optimal position of the target node is identified using Hybrid T cell Immune with Lotus Effect Optimization algorithm(HTCI-LEO).During the node localization process,the average localization error is minimized,which is the objective of the optimal node localization.In the regular and irregular surfaces,this hybrid algorithm effectively performs the localization process.The suggested hybrid algorithm converges very fast in the three-dimensional(3D)environment.The accuracy of the proposed node localization process is 94.25%.展开更多
In wireless sensor networks （WSNs） the position information of individual nodes is a matter of vital importance because allows the implementation of necessary network functions such as routing, querying and other ap...In wireless sensor networks （WSNs） the position information of individual nodes is a matter of vital importance because allows the implementation of necessary network functions such as routing, querying and other applications. The objective of this paper is to propose an algorithm of three-dimensional distributed range-free localization for WSNs, using a mobile beacon （MB） equipped with a rotary and tilting directional antenna. This algorithm, denominated as the three-dimensional azimuthally defined area localization algorithm （3D- ADAL）, is executed in each sensor node and is based only on the analysis of the information received from the MB, therefore is energy efficient and contributes to extend the lifetime of the sensor network. Additionally the proposed algorithm has the advantage of being simple and economical. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is a practical, effective and accurate method for a three-dimensional location of sensor nodes in a WSN.展开更多
This work proposes a geographic routing protocol for UWSNs based on the construction of a 3D virtual grid structure, called Void-Avoidance Grid-based Multipath Position-based Routing (VA-GMPR). It consists of two main...This work proposes a geographic routing protocol for UWSNs based on the construction of a 3D virtual grid structure, called Void-Avoidance Grid-based Multipath Position-based Routing (VA-GMPR). It consists of two main components, the multipath routing scheme and the grid-based void avoidance (GVA) mechanism for handling routing holes. The multipath routing scheme adopts node-disjoint routes from the source to the sink in order to enhance network reliability and load balancing. While the GVA mechanism handles the problem of holes in 3D virtual grid structure based on three techniques: Hole bypass, path diversion, and path backtracking. The performance evaluation of the VA-GMPR protocol was compared to a recently proposed grid-based routing protocol for UWSNs, called Energy-efficient Multipath Geographic Grid-based Routing (EMGGR). The results showed that the VA-GMPR protocol outperformed the EMGGR protocol in terms of packet delivery ratio, and end-to end-delay. However, the results also showed that the VA-GMPR protocol exhibited higher energy consumption compared to EMGGR.展开更多
Coverage control for each sensor is based on a 2D directional sensing model in directional sensor networks conventionally. But the 2D model cannot accurately characterize the real environment. In order to solve this p...Coverage control for each sensor is based on a 2D directional sensing model in directional sensor networks conventionally. But the 2D model cannot accurately characterize the real environment. In order to solve this problem,a new 3D directional sensor model and coverage enhancement algorithm is proposed. We can adjust the pitch angle and deviation angle to enhance the coverage rate. And the coverage enhancement algorithm is based on an improved gravitational search algorithm. In this paper the two improved strategies of GSA are directional mutation strategy and individual evolution strategy. A set of simulations show that our coverage enhancement algorithm has a good performance to improve the coverage rate of the wireless directional sensor network on different number of nodes,different virtual angles and different sensing radius.展开更多
The research on positioning system and spatial alignment is a big topic. In this paper, we proposed a design (that) studies two issues. One is the study of range positioning algorithm based on ZigBee communication sys...The research on positioning system and spatial alignment is a big topic. In this paper, we proposed a design (that) studies two issues. One is the study of range positioning algorithm based on ZigBee communication system. The other one is spatial alignment platform which is controlled with two servos. Hardware and software control system was realized, which also consists of two parts, ZigBee network positioning system and automatic orientation platform.展开更多
Due to the power limitation of nodes in wire-less sensor networks (WSNs), how to maximize network lifetime has become a critical issue for deployment of WSNs. Although several schemes have been proposed for 2D WSNs, f...Due to the power limitation of nodes in wire-less sensor networks (WSNs), how to maximize network lifetime has become a critical issue for deployment of WSNs. Although several schemes have been proposed for 2D WSNs, few for 3D WSNs are known. In this paper, we present a scheme to maximize network lifetime for 3D WSNs through balancing energy consumption, as an extension of the existing scheme for 2D WSNs proposed recently [1]. Same as [1], we formulate the energy consumption balancing problem as an problem of optimal distribution of transmitting data by combining the techniques of sphere-corona based network division, mixed-routing and data aggregation. We first present a Tiled-block based routing scheme in order to balance energy consumption among nodes in each sphere-corona. Then we design an algorithm to compute the optimal distribution ratio of transmitting data between direct and hop-by-hop transmission, with the purpose of balancing energy consumption among nodes across different sphere-coronas. We show maximizing network lifetime through computing the optimal number of sphere-coronas. Afterwards a energy consumption balanced data collecting protocol (ECBDC) is designed and a solution to extend ECBDC to largescale WSNs is also presented. Simulaiton results show that ECBDC is superior to conventional direct and multihop transmission schemes in network lifetime.展开更多
针对三维无线传感器网络中APIT定位算法覆盖效率低的问题,提出一种基于四面体质心迭代的APIT定位算法TCI-APIT(Tetrahedron-Centroid-Iteration Based APIT)。该算法对包含未知节点的四面体进行质心迭代求解,减少了网格扫描法的计算量...针对三维无线传感器网络中APIT定位算法覆盖效率低的问题,提出一种基于四面体质心迭代的APIT定位算法TCI-APIT(Tetrahedron-Centroid-Iteration Based APIT)。该算法对包含未知节点的四面体进行质心迭代求解,减少了网格扫描法的计算量。同时该算法将已经定位的未知节点晋升为锚节点,对网络中的稀疏节点进行重新定位。仿真结果表明:改进后的算法相比于原有APIT定位算法,实现了稀疏节点定位,覆盖率增大12%左右。展开更多
基金appreciation to King Saud University for funding this research through the Researchers Supporting Program number(RSPD2024R918),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Wireless Sensor Network(WSNs)consists of a group of nodes that analyze the information from surrounding regions.The sensor nodes are responsible for accumulating and exchanging information.Generally,node local-ization is the process of identifying the target node’s location.In this research work,a Received Signal Strength Indicator(RSSI)-based optimal node localization approach is proposed to solve the complexities in the conventional node localization models.Initially,the RSSI value is identified using the Deep Neural Network(DNN).The RSSI is conceded as the range-based method and it does not require special hardware for the node localization process,also it consumes a very minimal amount of cost for localizing the nodes in 3D WSN.The position of the anchor nodes is fixed for detecting the location of the target.Further,the optimal position of the target node is identified using Hybrid T cell Immune with Lotus Effect Optimization algorithm(HTCI-LEO).During the node localization process,the average localization error is minimized,which is the objective of the optimal node localization.In the regular and irregular surfaces,this hybrid algorithm effectively performs the localization process.The suggested hybrid algorithm converges very fast in the three-dimensional(3D)environment.The accuracy of the proposed node localization process is 94.25%.
文摘In wireless sensor networks （WSNs） the position information of individual nodes is a matter of vital importance because allows the implementation of necessary network functions such as routing, querying and other applications. The objective of this paper is to propose an algorithm of three-dimensional distributed range-free localization for WSNs, using a mobile beacon （MB） equipped with a rotary and tilting directional antenna. This algorithm, denominated as the three-dimensional azimuthally defined area localization algorithm （3D- ADAL）, is executed in each sensor node and is based only on the analysis of the information received from the MB, therefore is energy efficient and contributes to extend the lifetime of the sensor network. Additionally the proposed algorithm has the advantage of being simple and economical. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is a practical, effective and accurate method for a three-dimensional location of sensor nodes in a WSN.
文摘This work proposes a geographic routing protocol for UWSNs based on the construction of a 3D virtual grid structure, called Void-Avoidance Grid-based Multipath Position-based Routing (VA-GMPR). It consists of two main components, the multipath routing scheme and the grid-based void avoidance (GVA) mechanism for handling routing holes. The multipath routing scheme adopts node-disjoint routes from the source to the sink in order to enhance network reliability and load balancing. While the GVA mechanism handles the problem of holes in 3D virtual grid structure based on three techniques: Hole bypass, path diversion, and path backtracking. The performance evaluation of the VA-GMPR protocol was compared to a recently proposed grid-based routing protocol for UWSNs, called Energy-efficient Multipath Geographic Grid-based Routing (EMGGR). The results showed that the VA-GMPR protocol outperformed the EMGGR protocol in terms of packet delivery ratio, and end-to end-delay. However, the results also showed that the VA-GMPR protocol exhibited higher energy consumption compared to EMGGR.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61175126)National Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Grant No.20112304110009)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No.HEUCFZ1209)
文摘Coverage control for each sensor is based on a 2D directional sensing model in directional sensor networks conventionally. But the 2D model cannot accurately characterize the real environment. In order to solve this problem,a new 3D directional sensor model and coverage enhancement algorithm is proposed. We can adjust the pitch angle and deviation angle to enhance the coverage rate. And the coverage enhancement algorithm is based on an improved gravitational search algorithm. In this paper the two improved strategies of GSA are directional mutation strategy and individual evolution strategy. A set of simulations show that our coverage enhancement algorithm has a good performance to improve the coverage rate of the wireless directional sensor network on different number of nodes,different virtual angles and different sensing radius.
文摘The research on positioning system and spatial alignment is a big topic. In this paper, we proposed a design (that) studies two issues. One is the study of range positioning algorithm based on ZigBee communication system. The other one is spatial alignment platform which is controlled with two servos. Hardware and software control system was realized, which also consists of two parts, ZigBee network positioning system and automatic orientation platform.
文摘Due to the power limitation of nodes in wire-less sensor networks (WSNs), how to maximize network lifetime has become a critical issue for deployment of WSNs. Although several schemes have been proposed for 2D WSNs, few for 3D WSNs are known. In this paper, we present a scheme to maximize network lifetime for 3D WSNs through balancing energy consumption, as an extension of the existing scheme for 2D WSNs proposed recently [1]. Same as [1], we formulate the energy consumption balancing problem as an problem of optimal distribution of transmitting data by combining the techniques of sphere-corona based network division, mixed-routing and data aggregation. We first present a Tiled-block based routing scheme in order to balance energy consumption among nodes in each sphere-corona. Then we design an algorithm to compute the optimal distribution ratio of transmitting data between direct and hop-by-hop transmission, with the purpose of balancing energy consumption among nodes across different sphere-coronas. We show maximizing network lifetime through computing the optimal number of sphere-coronas. Afterwards a energy consumption balanced data collecting protocol (ECBDC) is designed and a solution to extend ECBDC to largescale WSNs is also presented. Simulaiton results show that ECBDC is superior to conventional direct and multihop transmission schemes in network lifetime.
文摘针对三维无线传感器网络中APIT定位算法覆盖效率低的问题,提出一种基于四面体质心迭代的APIT定位算法TCI-APIT(Tetrahedron-Centroid-Iteration Based APIT)。该算法对包含未知节点的四面体进行质心迭代求解,减少了网格扫描法的计算量。同时该算法将已经定位的未知节点晋升为锚节点,对网络中的稀疏节点进行重新定位。仿真结果表明:改进后的算法相比于原有APIT定位算法,实现了稀疏节点定位,覆盖率增大12%左右。
