Three-dimensional(3 D) visual tracking of a multicopter(where the camera is fixed while the multicopter is moving) means continuously recovering the six-degree-of-freedom pose of the multicopter relative to the camera...Three-dimensional(3 D) visual tracking of a multicopter(where the camera is fixed while the multicopter is moving) means continuously recovering the six-degree-of-freedom pose of the multicopter relative to the camera. It can be used in many applications,such as precision terminal guidance and control algorithm validation for multicopters. However, it is difficult for many researchers to build a 3 D visual tracking system for multicopters(VTSMs) by using cheap and off-the-shelf cameras. This paper firstly gives an overview of the three key technologies of a 3 D VTSMs: multi-camera placement, multi-camera calibration and pose estimation for multicopters. Then, some representative 3 D visual tracking systems for multicopters are introduced. Finally, the future development of the 3D VTSMs is analyzed and summarized.展开更多
针对大视角情况下,移动机器人3维视觉同步定位与地图构建(visual simultaneous localization and mapping,V-SLAM)性能下降的问题,提出了一种仿射不变特征匹配算法AORB(affine oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF)并在此基础上构建了基于K...针对大视角情况下,移动机器人3维视觉同步定位与地图构建(visual simultaneous localization and mapping,V-SLAM)性能下降的问题,提出了一种仿射不变特征匹配算法AORB(affine oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF)并在此基础上构建了基于Kinect的移动机器人大视角3D V-SLAM系统.首先对Kinect相机采集到的彩色RGB数据采用AORB算法实现具有大视角变化的相邻帧图像之间的快速有效匹配以建立相邻帧之间的对应关系;然后根据Kinect相机标定得到的内外参数以及对准校正后的像素点深度值将2D图像点转换为3D彩色点云数据;接着结合随机抽样一致性算法(RANdom Sample Consensus,RANSAC)去除3D点云中的外点,并利用RANSAC的内点进行最小二乘算法下机器人相邻位姿的估计;最后采用g2o(general graph optimization)优化方法对机器人位姿进行优化,从而建立3D V-SLAM模型.最终实现了移动机器人大视角3D视觉SLAM.基于标准数据集的离线实验和基于真实环境的机器人在线实验结果表明,本文所提出的匹配算法和所构建的3D V-SLAM系统在大视角情况下能完成局部模型的准确更新,成功地重构出环境模型并有效地估计出机器人的运动轨迹.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2017YFB1300102)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61803025)
文摘Three-dimensional(3 D) visual tracking of a multicopter(where the camera is fixed while the multicopter is moving) means continuously recovering the six-degree-of-freedom pose of the multicopter relative to the camera. It can be used in many applications,such as precision terminal guidance and control algorithm validation for multicopters. However, it is difficult for many researchers to build a 3 D visual tracking system for multicopters(VTSMs) by using cheap and off-the-shelf cameras. This paper firstly gives an overview of the three key technologies of a 3 D VTSMs: multi-camera placement, multi-camera calibration and pose estimation for multicopters. Then, some representative 3 D visual tracking systems for multicopters are introduced. Finally, the future development of the 3D VTSMs is analyzed and summarized.
