<b><span style="font-family:;" "="">Aim:</span></b><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> To perform a vector 3D recon...<b><span style="font-family:;" "="">Aim:</span></b><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> To perform a vector 3D reconstruction of the neck skeleton from the anatomical sections of the “Korean Visible Human” for educational purposes. <b>Material and Methods: </b>The anatomical subject was a 33-year-old Korean male who died of leukemia. It measured 164 cm and weighed 55</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">kgs.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">The anatomical cuts were made in 2010 after an MRI and a CT scan. A special saw (cryomacrotome) made it possible to make cuts on the frozen body of 0.2 mm thick or 5960 slices. Sections numbered 1500 to 2000 (500 neck sections) were used for this study. Manual contouring segmentation of each anatomical element of the anterior neck area was done using Winsurf software version 3.5 on a PC. <b>Results</b>: Our vector 3D neck model includes the following: cervical vertebrae, hyoid bone, sternum manubrium and clavicles. This vector model has been integrated into the virtual dissection table</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">Diva3d, a new educational tool used by universities and medical schools to learn anatomy. This model was also put online on the Sketchfab website and printed in 3D using an ENDER 3 printer. <b>Conclusion:</b> This original work is a remarkable educational tool for the study of the skeleton of the neck and can also serve as a 3D atlas for simulation purposes for training therapeutic gestures.</span></span></span>展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verda...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To carry out a 3D vector reconstruction of the muscles of the ventral region of the neck from anatomical sections of the “Korean Visible Human” for educational purposes. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Materials and Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The anatomical subject was a 33-year-old Korean man who died of leukemia. He was 164 cm tall and weighed 55</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">kgs</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The anatomical sections were made in 2010 after an MRI and a CT scan. A special saw (cryomacrotome) made it possible to make cuts 0.2 mm thick on the frozen body, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i</span></i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 5960 cuts. Sections numbered 1500 to 2000 (or 500 cuts covering the neck) were used for our study. A segmentation by manual contouring of each anatomical element of the anterior neck region was done using Winsurf version 3.5 software on a laptop PC running Windows 7 equipped with an 8 gigabyte RAM. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> We modeled the sternocleidomastoid muscles, the supra-hyoid muscles, the infra-hyoid muscles and the muscle structures of the anterior neck region, the aero-digestive axis of the anterior neck region and the vasculo-nervous axis of the neck. This model is easily manipulated using the Acrobat 3Dpdf interface. Each item accessible in a menu can be displayed, hidden or made transparent, and 3D labels are available as well as educational menus for learning anatomy. This vector model has been integrated into the Diva3d virtual dissection table, a new educational tool used by universities and medical schools to learn anatomy. This model was also uploaded to the Sketchfab</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">?</span></sup></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> website and 3D printed using an ENDER</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">?</span></sup></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> pro 3 printer. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This original work constitutes a remarkable educational tool for the anatomical study of the anterior neck region and can also be used as a 3D atlas for simulation purposes for training in therapeutic gestures.展开更多
当视频中人物的某些身体部位超出镜头(EFoV,Exceeding Field of View)时,给基于视频的三维人体网格建模任务带来了新的挑战。本文中我们提出视频内细粒度人体部位信息注意力分配(BAA,Body part Attention Allocation)模型框架,通过选用...当视频中人物的某些身体部位超出镜头(EFoV,Exceeding Field of View)时,给基于视频的三维人体网格建模任务带来了新的挑战。本文中我们提出视频内细粒度人体部位信息注意力分配(BAA,Body part Attention Allocation)模型框架,通过选用人体虚拟标记(Virtual Markers)作为三维人体的中间表示,将基于EFoV视频的三维人体网格建模问题转化为人体虚拟标记点集合序列的恢复问题。具体的,首先,我们设计了Rand Mask策略,通过对完整的人体虚拟标记点集合按人体部位进行随机遮蔽,模拟视频中人体部位超出镜头时导致的信息缺失。其次,设计置信度增强过滤模块(CEF,Confidence Enhancedand Filtering),对前置方法估计的虚拟标记置信度进行过滤增强,进而摆脱对前置方法的过度依赖。最后,设计虚拟标记注意力分配模块(AIVM,Attention In Virtual Markers),根据增强后的虚拟标记置信度情况,为各虚拟标记点分配合适的注意力,进而合理地利用序列中虚拟标记的互补关系恢复出完整的虚拟标记序列,并以此估计最终的3D人体网格模型。我们将三维运动捕捉(MoCap)数据集中的SMPL人体网格进行采样,得到对应的虚拟标记点集合数据,人体SMPL模型与虚拟标记点集合共同构成了模型训练中的数据集。展开更多
文摘<b><span style="font-family:;" "="">Aim:</span></b><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> To perform a vector 3D reconstruction of the neck skeleton from the anatomical sections of the “Korean Visible Human” for educational purposes. <b>Material and Methods: </b>The anatomical subject was a 33-year-old Korean male who died of leukemia. It measured 164 cm and weighed 55</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">kgs.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">The anatomical cuts were made in 2010 after an MRI and a CT scan. A special saw (cryomacrotome) made it possible to make cuts on the frozen body of 0.2 mm thick or 5960 slices. Sections numbered 1500 to 2000 (500 neck sections) were used for this study. Manual contouring segmentation of each anatomical element of the anterior neck area was done using Winsurf software version 3.5 on a PC. <b>Results</b>: Our vector 3D neck model includes the following: cervical vertebrae, hyoid bone, sternum manubrium and clavicles. This vector model has been integrated into the virtual dissection table</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">Diva3d, a new educational tool used by universities and medical schools to learn anatomy. This model was also put online on the Sketchfab website and printed in 3D using an ENDER 3 printer. <b>Conclusion:</b> This original work is a remarkable educational tool for the study of the skeleton of the neck and can also serve as a 3D atlas for simulation purposes for training therapeutic gestures.</span></span></span>
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To carry out a 3D vector reconstruction of the muscles of the ventral region of the neck from anatomical sections of the “Korean Visible Human” for educational purposes. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Materials and Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The anatomical subject was a 33-year-old Korean man who died of leukemia. He was 164 cm tall and weighed 55</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">kgs</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The anatomical sections were made in 2010 after an MRI and a CT scan. A special saw (cryomacrotome) made it possible to make cuts 0.2 mm thick on the frozen body, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i</span></i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 5960 cuts. Sections numbered 1500 to 2000 (or 500 cuts covering the neck) were used for our study. A segmentation by manual contouring of each anatomical element of the anterior neck region was done using Winsurf version 3.5 software on a laptop PC running Windows 7 equipped with an 8 gigabyte RAM. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> We modeled the sternocleidomastoid muscles, the supra-hyoid muscles, the infra-hyoid muscles and the muscle structures of the anterior neck region, the aero-digestive axis of the anterior neck region and the vasculo-nervous axis of the neck. This model is easily manipulated using the Acrobat 3Dpdf interface. Each item accessible in a menu can be displayed, hidden or made transparent, and 3D labels are available as well as educational menus for learning anatomy. This vector model has been integrated into the Diva3d virtual dissection table, a new educational tool used by universities and medical schools to learn anatomy. This model was also uploaded to the Sketchfab</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">?</span></sup></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> website and 3D printed using an ENDER</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">?</span></sup></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> pro 3 printer. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This original work constitutes a remarkable educational tool for the anatomical study of the anterior neck region and can also be used as a 3D atlas for simulation purposes for training in therapeutic gestures.
文摘当视频中人物的某些身体部位超出镜头(EFoV,Exceeding Field of View)时,给基于视频的三维人体网格建模任务带来了新的挑战。本文中我们提出视频内细粒度人体部位信息注意力分配(BAA,Body part Attention Allocation)模型框架,通过选用人体虚拟标记(Virtual Markers)作为三维人体的中间表示,将基于EFoV视频的三维人体网格建模问题转化为人体虚拟标记点集合序列的恢复问题。具体的,首先,我们设计了Rand Mask策略,通过对完整的人体虚拟标记点集合按人体部位进行随机遮蔽,模拟视频中人体部位超出镜头时导致的信息缺失。其次,设计置信度增强过滤模块(CEF,Confidence Enhancedand Filtering),对前置方法估计的虚拟标记置信度进行过滤增强,进而摆脱对前置方法的过度依赖。最后,设计虚拟标记注意力分配模块(AIVM,Attention In Virtual Markers),根据增强后的虚拟标记置信度情况,为各虚拟标记点分配合适的注意力,进而合理地利用序列中虚拟标记的互补关系恢复出完整的虚拟标记序列,并以此估计最终的3D人体网格模型。我们将三维运动捕捉(MoCap)数据集中的SMPL人体网格进行采样,得到对应的虚拟标记点集合数据,人体SMPL模型与虚拟标记点集合共同构成了模型训练中的数据集。
