The strong motion of a small long and narrow basin caused by a moderate scenario earthquake is simulated by using the spectral-element method and the parallel computing technique.A total of five different geometrical ...The strong motion of a small long and narrow basin caused by a moderate scenario earthquake is simulated by using the spectral-element method and the parallel computing technique.A total of five different geometrical profiles within the basin are used to analyze the generation and propagation of surface waves and their relation to the basin structures in both the time and frequency domain.The amplification effects are analyzed by the distribution of peak ground velocity(PGV)and cumulative kinetic energy(Ek) in the basin.The results show that in the 3D basin,the excitation of the fundamental and higher surface wave modes are similar to that of the 2D model.Small bowls in the basin have great influence on the amplification and distribution of strong ground motion,due to their lateral resonances when the wavelengths of the lateral surface waves are comparable to the size of the bowls.Obvious basin edge effects can be seen at the basin edge closer to the source for constructive interference between direct body waves and the basin-induced surface waves.The Ek distribution maps show very large values in small bowls and some corners in the basin due to the interference of waves propagating in different directions.A high impedance contrast model can excite more surface wave modes,resulting in longer shaking durations as well as more complex seismograms and PGV and Ek distributions.展开更多
基于欧拉-拉格朗日法(Eulerian-Lagrangian method,ELM)计算对流项的三维水流数学模型,大时间步长计算仍保持稳定,但空间线性插值计算会产生附加数值阻力,限制了该类模型在河流工程中的应用。谱元法(spectral element method,SEM)是一...基于欧拉-拉格朗日法(Eulerian-Lagrangian method,ELM)计算对流项的三维水流数学模型,大时间步长计算仍保持稳定,但空间线性插值计算会产生附加数值阻力,限制了该类模型在河流工程中的应用。谱元法(spectral element method,SEM)是一种适合复杂区域计算的高阶数值方法。本文引入谱元法,将垂向线性插值改为多项式插值,构建了新的欧拉-拉格朗日法三维浅水流动数值模型。通过顺直明渠的算例分析表明,新三维模型结合了欧拉-拉格朗日法与谱元法的优点,时间步长能突破柯朗数的限制,同时消除了经典欧拉-拉格朗日法的数值阻力,计算精度有数量级的提高。展开更多
The three-dimensional transition of the wake flow behind a circular cylinder is studied in detail by direct numerical simulations using 3D incompressible N-S equations for Reynolds number ranging from 200 to 300. New ...The three-dimensional transition of the wake flow behind a circular cylinder is studied in detail by direct numerical simulations using 3D incompressible N-S equations for Reynolds number ranging from 200 to 300. New features and vortex dynamics of the 3D transition of the wake are found and investigated. At Re = 200, the flow pattern is characterized by mode A instability. However, the spanwise characteristic length of the cylinder determines the transition features. Particularly for the specific spanwise characteristic length linear stable mode may dominate the wake in place of mode A and determine the spanwise phase difference of the primary vortices shedding. At Re = 250 and 300 it is found that the streamwise vortices evolve into a new type of mode "dual vortex pair mode" downstream. The streamwise vortex structures switch among mode A, mode B and dual vortex pair mode from near wake to downstream wake. At Re = 250, an independent low frequency fm in addition to the vortex shedding frequency fs is identified. Frequency coupling between fm and fs occurs. These result in the irregularity of the temporal signals and become a key feature in the transition of the wake. Based on the formation analysis of the streamwise vorticity in the vicinity of cylinder, it is suggested that mode A is caused by the emergence of the spanwise velocity due to three dimensionality of the incoming flow past the cylinder. Energy distribution on various wave numbers and the frequency variation in the wake are also described.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51078337,No.51108431 and No.91315301
文摘The strong motion of a small long and narrow basin caused by a moderate scenario earthquake is simulated by using the spectral-element method and the parallel computing technique.A total of five different geometrical profiles within the basin are used to analyze the generation and propagation of surface waves and their relation to the basin structures in both the time and frequency domain.The amplification effects are analyzed by the distribution of peak ground velocity(PGV)and cumulative kinetic energy(Ek) in the basin.The results show that in the 3D basin,the excitation of the fundamental and higher surface wave modes are similar to that of the 2D model.Small bowls in the basin have great influence on the amplification and distribution of strong ground motion,due to their lateral resonances when the wavelengths of the lateral surface waves are comparable to the size of the bowls.Obvious basin edge effects can be seen at the basin edge closer to the source for constructive interference between direct body waves and the basin-induced surface waves.The Ek distribution maps show very large values in small bowls and some corners in the basin due to the interference of waves propagating in different directions.A high impedance contrast model can excite more surface wave modes,resulting in longer shaking durations as well as more complex seismograms and PGV and Ek distributions.
文摘基于欧拉-拉格朗日法(Eulerian-Lagrangian method,ELM)计算对流项的三维水流数学模型,大时间步长计算仍保持稳定,但空间线性插值计算会产生附加数值阻力,限制了该类模型在河流工程中的应用。谱元法(spectral element method,SEM)是一种适合复杂区域计算的高阶数值方法。本文引入谱元法,将垂向线性插值改为多项式插值,构建了新的欧拉-拉格朗日法三维浅水流动数值模型。通过顺直明渠的算例分析表明,新三维模型结合了欧拉-拉格朗日法与谱元法的优点,时间步长能突破柯朗数的限制,同时消除了经典欧拉-拉格朗日法的数值阻力,计算精度有数量级的提高。
文摘The three-dimensional transition of the wake flow behind a circular cylinder is studied in detail by direct numerical simulations using 3D incompressible N-S equations for Reynolds number ranging from 200 to 300. New features and vortex dynamics of the 3D transition of the wake are found and investigated. At Re = 200, the flow pattern is characterized by mode A instability. However, the spanwise characteristic length of the cylinder determines the transition features. Particularly for the specific spanwise characteristic length linear stable mode may dominate the wake in place of mode A and determine the spanwise phase difference of the primary vortices shedding. At Re = 250 and 300 it is found that the streamwise vortices evolve into a new type of mode "dual vortex pair mode" downstream. The streamwise vortex structures switch among mode A, mode B and dual vortex pair mode from near wake to downstream wake. At Re = 250, an independent low frequency fm in addition to the vortex shedding frequency fs is identified. Frequency coupling between fm and fs occurs. These result in the irregularity of the temporal signals and become a key feature in the transition of the wake. Based on the formation analysis of the streamwise vorticity in the vicinity of cylinder, it is suggested that mode A is caused by the emergence of the spanwise velocity due to three dimensionality of the incoming flow past the cylinder. Energy distribution on various wave numbers and the frequency variation in the wake are also described.
