As the number of high-density buildings has increased,the management of property with complex condominium ownership has become an ongoing challenge in property registration and management.The three-dimensional(3D)mode...As the number of high-density buildings has increased,the management of property with complex condominium ownership has become an ongoing challenge in property registration and management.The three-dimensional(3D)modeling of condominium ownership has emerged as an effective means of meeting this challenge and has attracted great attention from fields such as geographical information science,urban planning and management,and property administration.Much progress has been made in building 3D models of condominium ownership;however,existing studies are all on a case-by-case basis and have left some critical issues unsolved,such as vague ownership boundaries,spatial rights without physical counterparts,and the unfixed spatial extent.The purpose of this study is to construct a 3D building ownership model with multiple levels of detail in the context of Chinese law to overcome the defects of 3D models above.This 3D model is presented in a case study of China by subdividing ownership boundaries based on clarifying the internal structure of condominium ownership,embedding the apportionment mechanism,and integrating the semantics,attributes,and geometry associated with the physical and legal entity of the condominium.The proposed 3D model is implemented by extending Building Information Modeling(BIM)based on the Industry Foundation Classes(IFC)and inheriting legal information from Land Administration Domain Model(LADM).In this study,examples of condominium ownership from three real legal dispute cases in China are analyzed and tested.The study clearly demonstrates that the proposed model can provide a better cognitive understanding of the legal space of property by rendering unambiguous ownership boundaries and presenting the spatial internal structure of ownership,which offers solid technical support for dealing with property registration and many legal dispute cases about condominium ownership.展开更多
Engineering excavation GIS (E 2 GIS) is a real-3D GIS serving for geosciences related to geo-engineering, civil engineering and mining engineering based on generalized tri-prism (GTP) model. As two instances of GTP mo...Engineering excavation GIS (E 2 GIS) is a real-3D GIS serving for geosciences related to geo-engineering, civil engineering and mining engineering based on generalized tri-prism (GTP) model. As two instances of GTP model, G\|GTP is used for the real\|3D modeling of subsurface geological bodies, and E\|GTP is used for the real\|3D modeling of subsurface engineering excavations.In the light of the discussions on the features and functions of E 2 GIS, the modeling principles of G\|GTP and E\|GTP are introduced. The two models couple together seamlessly to form an integral model for subsurface spatial objects including both geological bodies and excavations. An object\|oriented integral real\|3D data model and integral spatial topological relations are discussed.展开更多
Understanding the behavior of urban air pollution is important en route for sustainable urban development (SUD). Malaysia is on its mission to be a developed country by year 2020 comprehends dealing with air pollution...Understanding the behavior of urban air pollution is important en route for sustainable urban development (SUD). Malaysia is on its mission to be a developed country by year 2020 comprehends dealing with air pollution is one of the indicators headed towards it. At present monitoring and managing air pollution in urban areas encompasses sophisticated air quality modeling and data acquisition. However, rapid developments in major cities cause difficulties in acquiring the city geometries. The existing method in acquiring city geometries data via ground or space measurement inspection such as field survey, photogrammetry, laser scanning, remote sensing or using architectural plans appears not to be practical because of its cost and efforts. Moreover, air monitoring stations deployed are intended for regional to global scale model whereby it is not accurate for urban areas with typical resolution of less than 2 km. Furthermore in urban areas, the pollutant dispersion movements are trapped between buildings initiating it to move vertically causing visualization complications which imply the limitations of existing visualization scheme that is based on two-dimensional (2D) framework. Therefore this paper aims is to perform groundwork assessment and discuss on the current scenario in Malaysia in the aspect of current policies towards SUD, air quality monitoring stations, scale model and detail discussion on air pollution dispersion model used called the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM). This research proposed the implementation of three-dimensional (3D) spatial city model as a new physical data input for OSPM. The five Level of Details (LOD) of 3D spatial city model shows the scale applicability for the dispersion model implementtation. Subsequently 3D spatial city model data commonly available on the web, by having a unified data model shows the advantages in easy data acquisition, 3D visualization of air pollution dispersion and improves visual analysis of air quality monitoring in urban areas.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 41871298].
文摘As the number of high-density buildings has increased,the management of property with complex condominium ownership has become an ongoing challenge in property registration and management.The three-dimensional(3D)modeling of condominium ownership has emerged as an effective means of meeting this challenge and has attracted great attention from fields such as geographical information science,urban planning and management,and property administration.Much progress has been made in building 3D models of condominium ownership;however,existing studies are all on a case-by-case basis and have left some critical issues unsolved,such as vague ownership boundaries,spatial rights without physical counterparts,and the unfixed spatial extent.The purpose of this study is to construct a 3D building ownership model with multiple levels of detail in the context of Chinese law to overcome the defects of 3D models above.This 3D model is presented in a case study of China by subdividing ownership boundaries based on clarifying the internal structure of condominium ownership,embedding the apportionment mechanism,and integrating the semantics,attributes,and geometry associated with the physical and legal entity of the condominium.The proposed 3D model is implemented by extending Building Information Modeling(BIM)based on the Industry Foundation Classes(IFC)and inheriting legal information from Land Administration Domain Model(LADM).In this study,examples of condominium ownership from three real legal dispute cases in China are analyzed and tested.The study clearly demonstrates that the proposed model can provide a better cognitive understanding of the legal space of property by rendering unambiguous ownership boundaries and presenting the spatial internal structure of ownership,which offers solid technical support for dealing with property registration and many legal dispute cases about condominium ownership.
文摘Engineering excavation GIS (E 2 GIS) is a real-3D GIS serving for geosciences related to geo-engineering, civil engineering and mining engineering based on generalized tri-prism (GTP) model. As two instances of GTP model, G\|GTP is used for the real\|3D modeling of subsurface geological bodies, and E\|GTP is used for the real\|3D modeling of subsurface engineering excavations.In the light of the discussions on the features and functions of E 2 GIS, the modeling principles of G\|GTP and E\|GTP are introduced. The two models couple together seamlessly to form an integral model for subsurface spatial objects including both geological bodies and excavations. An object\|oriented integral real\|3D data model and integral spatial topological relations are discussed.
基金Major funding for this research was provided by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia and partially funded by the Land Surveyors Board of Malaysia.
文摘Understanding the behavior of urban air pollution is important en route for sustainable urban development (SUD). Malaysia is on its mission to be a developed country by year 2020 comprehends dealing with air pollution is one of the indicators headed towards it. At present monitoring and managing air pollution in urban areas encompasses sophisticated air quality modeling and data acquisition. However, rapid developments in major cities cause difficulties in acquiring the city geometries. The existing method in acquiring city geometries data via ground or space measurement inspection such as field survey, photogrammetry, laser scanning, remote sensing or using architectural plans appears not to be practical because of its cost and efforts. Moreover, air monitoring stations deployed are intended for regional to global scale model whereby it is not accurate for urban areas with typical resolution of less than 2 km. Furthermore in urban areas, the pollutant dispersion movements are trapped between buildings initiating it to move vertically causing visualization complications which imply the limitations of existing visualization scheme that is based on two-dimensional (2D) framework. Therefore this paper aims is to perform groundwork assessment and discuss on the current scenario in Malaysia in the aspect of current policies towards SUD, air quality monitoring stations, scale model and detail discussion on air pollution dispersion model used called the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM). This research proposed the implementation of three-dimensional (3D) spatial city model as a new physical data input for OSPM. The five Level of Details (LOD) of 3D spatial city model shows the scale applicability for the dispersion model implementtation. Subsequently 3D spatial city model data commonly available on the web, by having a unified data model shows the advantages in easy data acquisition, 3D visualization of air pollution dispersion and improves visual analysis of air quality monitoring in urban areas.
