Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)have demonstrated great potential in chromatographic separation because of unique structure and superior performance.Herein,single-crystal three-dimensional(3D)COFs with regular morpho...Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)have demonstrated great potential in chromatographic separation because of unique structure and superior performance.Herein,single-crystal three-dimensional(3D)COFs with regular morphology,good monodispersity and high specific surface area,were used as a stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The single-crystal 3D COFs packed column not only exhibits high efficiency in separating hydrophobic molecules involving substituted benzenes,halogenated benzenes,halogenated nitrobenzenes,aromatic amines,aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and phthalate esters(PAEs),but also achieves baseline separation of acenaphthene and acenaphthylene with similar physical and chemical properties as well as environmental pollutants,which cannot be quickly separated on commercial C18 column and a polycrystalline 3D COFs packed column.Especially,the column efficiency of 17303-24255 plates/m was obtained for PAEs,and the resolution values for acenaphthene and acenaphthylene,and carbamazepine(CBZ)and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide(CBZEP)were 1.7and 2.2,respectively.This successful application not only confirmed the great potential of the singlecrystal 3D COFs in HPLC separation of the organic molecules,but also facilitates the application of COFs in separation science.展开更多
Herein,a new type of two-dimensional(2D)/2D Ti_(3)C_(2)/TiO_(2) heterojunction was developed for efficient photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR),in which TiO_(2) nanosheets(TiO_(2) Ns)were designed as the ma...Herein,a new type of two-dimensional(2D)/2D Ti_(3)C_(2)/TiO_(2) heterojunction was developed for efficient photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR),in which TiO_(2) nanosheets(TiO_(2) Ns)were designed as the main catalyst,while Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene served as the co-catalyst.Experimental and theoretical results revealed that Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene introduced electron-rich unsaturated Ti sites,serving as highly active sites for both the adsorption and activation of N_(2) on the Ti_(3)C_(2)/TiO_(2) heterojunction.Furthermore,the 2D/2D Ti_(3)C_(2)/TiO_(2) heterostructure greatly promoted the directional separation and transfer of charge carriers,facilitated by the internal electric field.This structural feature enabled the spatial separation of the N_(2) reduction and H2 O oxidation half-reactions on the distinct surfaces of Ti_(3)C_(2)(001)and TiO_(2)(001),con-sequently reducing the reaction energy barrier for each respective process.The synergistic effects arising from the interface and surface interactions within the heterojunction conspicuously improved the photo-catalytic NRR activity.As a result,the optimized Ti_(3)C_(2)/TiO_(2) heterojunction exhibited a high NH_(3) produc-tion rate of 24.4μmol g−1 h−1 in the absence of sacrificial agents,representing a remarkable 12.8-fold increase compared to individual TiO_(2) Ns.This work provides new insights into rational design of high-performance heterogeneous photocatalysts and offers a deeper understanding of the mechanism under-lying surface active sites in the photocatalytic NRR process.展开更多
This paper takes some investigations on generalized topological spaces with some μ- separations. Some characterizations of μTi-spaces for i = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, μTn-spaces and μR0-spaces are obtained and some relation...This paper takes some investigations on generalized topological spaces with some μ- separations. Some characterizations of μTi-spaces for i = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, μTn-spaces and μR0-spaces are obtained and some relations among these spaces are established.展开更多
Appearance-based dynamic Hand Gesture Recognition(HGR)remains a prominent area of research in Human-Computer Interaction(HCI).Numerous environmental and computational constraints limit its real-time deployment.In addi...Appearance-based dynamic Hand Gesture Recognition(HGR)remains a prominent area of research in Human-Computer Interaction(HCI).Numerous environmental and computational constraints limit its real-time deployment.In addition,the performance of a model decreases as the subject’s distance from the camera increases.This study proposes a 3D separable Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),considering the model’s computa-tional complexity and recognition accuracy.The 20BN-Jester dataset was used to train the model for six gesture classes.After achieving the best offline recognition accuracy of 94.39%,the model was deployed in real-time while considering the subject’s attention,the instant of performing a gesture,and the subject’s distance from the camera.Despite being discussed in numerous research articles,the distance factor remains unresolved in real-time deployment,which leads to degraded recognition results.In the proposed approach,the distance calculation substantially improves the classification performance by reducing the impact of the subject’s distance from the camera.Additionally,the capability of feature extraction,degree of relevance,and statistical significance of the proposed model against other state-of-the-art models were validated using t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding(t-SNE),Mathew’s Correlation Coefficient(MCC),and the McNemar test,respectively.We observed that the proposed model exhibits state-of-the-art outcomes and a comparatively high significance level.展开更多
Cancer cell separation is highly desirable for cancer diagnosis and therapy.Besides biochemical methods,engineered platforms are effective alternatives for sorting carcinoma cells from normal cells based on their uniq...Cancer cell separation is highly desirable for cancer diagnosis and therapy.Besides biochemical methods,engineered platforms are effective alternatives for sorting carcinoma cells from normal cells based on their unique properties in responding to the physical changes of the surrounding microenvironment.In this work,three-dimensional(3D)biomimetic scaffold platforms were developed to separate nasopharyngeal carcinoma 43(NPC43)cells from immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial 460(NP460)cells based on precisely controlled design parameters including stiffness,number of layers,and structural layout.The migration characteristics of NPC43 and NP460 cells on the scaffold platforms revealed that NPC43 cells could squeeze into 10 lm wide,15 lm deep trenches while NP460 cells could not.The different migration behavior was mainly due to cells having different interactions with the surrounding microenvironment.NPC43 cells had filopodia-like protrusions,while NP460 cells exhibited a sheet-like morphology.Using these 3D biomimetic platforms,89%separation efficiency of NPC43 cells from NP460 cells was achieved on stiffer two-layer scaffold platforms with a 40/10 lm ridge/trench(R/T)grating on the top layer and a 20/10 lm R/T grid on the bottom layer.Moreover,the separation efficiency was further increased to 93%by adding an active conditioned medium(ACM)that caused the cells to have higher motility and deformability.These results demonstrate the capability to apply biomimetic engineered platforms with appropriate designs to separate cancer cells from normal cells for potential cancer diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
The ratio of 36Cl/Cl can determine the exposure age of surface rocks and monitor the secular equilibrium of 36Cl of sedimentary and igneous rock in groundwater. Due to the uncertainty effects of different chemical sep...The ratio of 36Cl/Cl can determine the exposure age of surface rocks and monitor the secular equilibrium of 36Cl of sedimentary and igneous rock in groundwater. Due to the uncertainty effects of different chemical separation processes for removing 36S, there is a high degree of uncertainty in 36Cl accelerator mass spectrometry （AMS） measurements if the ratio of 36Cl/Cl is lower than 10-14. A 36Cl1 AMS higher sensitivity measurement has been set up by using a AE-Q3D method at the China Institute of Atomic Energy （CIAE）. The performances of AE-Q3D method for 36Cl-AMS measurement had been systemically studied. The experimental results show that the AE-Q3D method has a higher isobar suppression factor. Taking advantage of direct removing 36S, the sample preparation can be simplified and the uncertainty effects of different chemical separation processes can be reduced in 36Cl AMS measurements.展开更多
Photocatalytic method has been intensively explored for Cr(VI)reduction owing to its efficient and environmentally friendly natures.In order to obtain a high efficiency in practical application,efficient photocatalyst...Photocatalytic method has been intensively explored for Cr(VI)reduction owing to its efficient and environmentally friendly natures.In order to obtain a high efficiency in practical application,efficient photocatalysts need to be developed.Here,ZnIn2S4/SnS2 with a three-dimensional(3D)heterostructure was prepared by a hydrothermal method and its photocatalytic performance in Cr(VI)reduction was investigated.When the mass ratio of SnS2 to ZnIn2S4 is 1:10,the ZnIn2S4/SnS2 composite exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity with 100%efficiency for Cr(VI)(50 mg/L)reduction within 70 min under visible-light irradiation,which is much higher than those of pure ZnIn2S4 and SnS2.The enhanced charge separation and the light absorption have been confirmed from the photoluminescence and UV-vis absorption spectra to be the two reasons for the increased activity towards photocatalytic Cr(VI)reduction.In addition,after three cycles of testing,no obvious degradation is observed with the 3D heterostructured ZnIn2S4/SnS2,which maintains a good photocatalytic stability.展开更多
Modular Solar-Powered Aircraft(M-SPA)is a kind of High-Altitude Long-Endurance(HALE)aircraft which exploits the mission advantage of swarm UAV and the HALE advantage of large aspect-ratio SPA.M-SPA’s separated mode a...Modular Solar-Powered Aircraft(M-SPA)is a kind of High-Altitude Long-Endurance(HALE)aircraft which exploits the mission advantage of swarm UAV and the HALE advantage of large aspect-ratio SPA.M-SPA’s separated mode and combined mode give it the potential to maximize the mission efficiency with limited solar energy.In this paper,firstly,oriented by the mission of maximizing the cruise area,the overall design of the M-SPA is modeled,including the energy model,the aerodynamic model and the flight environment settings.Secondly,by analyzing the energy consumption of the flight modes,we design a multi-phase flight mission strategy.Then,a 24-hour three-dimensional(3D)flight profile of the M-SPA is optimized,including the sub-SPA cooperative path planning in the separation mode.Finally,inspired by the Traveling Salesman Problem(TSP),an improved Ant Colony Algorithm(ACA)is exploited to find the optimal path for each sub-SPA,which is further developed into a dynamic separation and combination scheme for the M-SPA.The simulation results show that the mission performance of the M-SPA outperforms that of the conventional SPA,and explicitly,the mission coverage of the M-SPA is slightly less than a linear increase under comparable simulation conditions.展开更多
Glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-mono-β-D-glucuronide （GAMG）, the major functional ingredient in licorice, has widespread applications in food, pharmacy and cosmetics industry. The production of GAMG through Penicillium purpu...Glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-mono-β-D-glucuronide （GAMG）, the major functional ingredient in licorice, has widespread applications in food, pharmacy and cosmetics industry. The production of GAMG through Penicillium purpurogenum Li-3 cultivation was for the first time performed through both batch and fed-batch processes in bioreactors. In batch process, under optimal conditions （pH 5.0, temperature 32℃, agitation speed 100 r. rain 1）, 3.55 g. L^-1 GAMG was obtained in a 2.5 L fermentor. To further enhance GAMG production, a fine fed-batch process was developed by using pH and DO as feedback parameters. Starting from 48 h, 100 m190 g-L 1 substrate Glycyrrhizin （GL） was fed each time when pH increased to above 5.0 and DO was increased to above 80%. This strategy can significantly enhance GAMG production： the achieved GL conversion was 95.34% with GAMG yield of 95.15%, and GAMG concentration was 16.62 g. L^-1 which was 5 times higher than that of batch. Then, a two-step separation strat- egy was established to separate GAMG from fermentation broth by crude extraction of 15 ml column packed with D10I resin followed by fine purification with preparative C18 chromatography. The obtained GAMG purity was 95.79%. This study provides a new insight into the industrial bioprocess of high-level GAMG production.展开更多
Coal chemical wastewater(CCW)with the features of high toxicity and poor biodegradability is a big issue in environmental remediation,posing a great threat to aquatic ecosystems and to human beings.Such complex molecu...Coal chemical wastewater(CCW)with the features of high toxicity and poor biodegradability is a big issue in environmental remediation,posing a great threat to aquatic ecosystems and to human beings.Such complex molecular mixtures are notoriously difficult to characterize without initial physical separation.Herein,we present the 3D diffusion ordered spectroscopy(DOSY)analysis for CCW using DOSY-COSY and DOSY-HSQC methods,the advantages of this strategy have been demonstrated in the analysis of mixtures of aliphatic oxygenates and aromatic compounds,before being implemented on a genuine CCW sample in this study.The results showed that 3D DOSY is a robust and reliable tool for providing superior resolution and virtual separation of complex pollutants,and can be used as a general approach for structural elucidation.展开更多
Superwetting aerogel is a promising alternative for the remediation of emulsified oily wastewater for its high porosity combined with extreme wettability enabled high separation performances to emulsion wastewater. Ho...Superwetting aerogel is a promising alternative for the remediation of emulsified oily wastewater for its high porosity combined with extreme wettability enabled high separation performances to emulsion wastewater. However, it remains challenging for superwetting aerogels to accomplish high-performance dual separation to surfactantstabilized oil-in-water(O/W) and water-in-oil(W/O) emulsions with high stability. Herein, an environmentally benign superamphiphilic composite aerogel was prepared by a green synthesis route that relied on the utilization of natural amphiphilic biomass. Collagen fibers(CFs) were utilized to construct the three-dimensional(3D) supramolecular skeleton of aerogel to provide high storage capacity of water/oil and outstanding capillary effect to boost the mass transfer. The two-dimensional(2D) lamellar structure of gelatin(Gel) was further grown on the skeleton of CFs aerogel to play the role for simultaneously enhanced demulsifying capability and spreading of emulsions. The as-prepared superamphiphilic aerogel enabled the separation of highly stable surfactant-stabilized O/W and W/O emulsions with high separation efficiency and flux. Excellent recycling performances and anti-fouling performance were also confirmed. Our investigations therefore demonstrated that the structural engineering of superamphiphilic aerogel is a promising way to realize high-performance dual separation of surfactant-stabilized O/W and W/O emulsion wastewater.展开更多
Superwetting surfaces have the potential to address oil pollution in water,through their ability to separate the two.However,it remains a great challenge to fabricate stable and efficient separation structures using c...Superwetting surfaces have the potential to address oil pollution in water,through their ability to separate the two.However,it remains a great challenge to fabricate stable and efficient separation structures using conventional manufacturing techniques.Furthermore,the materials traditionally used for oil-water separation are not stable at high temperature.Therefore,there is a need to develop stable,customizable structures to improve the performance of oil-water separation devices.In recent years,3D printing technology has developed rapidly,and breakthroughs have been made in the fabrication of complicated ceramic structures using this technology.Here,a ceramic material with a gradient pore structure and superhydrophobic/superoleophilic properties was prepared using 3D printing for high-efficiency oil-water separation.The gradient pore structure developed here can support a flux of up to 25434 L/m^(2)h,which is nearly 40%higher than that an analogous structure with straight pores.At 200℃,the oil-water separation performance was maintained at 97.4%.Furthermore,samples of the material exhibited outstanding mechanical properties,and chemical stability in a variety of harsh environments.This study provides an efficient,simple,and reliable method for manufacturing oil-water separation materials using 3D printing,and may have broader implications for both fundamental research and industrial applications.展开更多
The dynamic stall process in three-dimensional （3D） cases on a rectangular wing undergoing a constant rate ramp-up motion is introduced to provide a qualitative analysis about the onset and development of the stall ...The dynamic stall process in three-dimensional （3D） cases on a rectangular wing undergoing a constant rate ramp-up motion is introduced to provide a qualitative analysis about the onset and development of the stall phenomenon. Based on the enhanced understanding of the mechanism of dynamic stalls, a 3D dynamic stall model is constructed with the emphasis of the onset, the growth, and the convection of the dynamic stall vortex on the 3D wing surface. The results show that this engineering dynamic stall model can simulate the 3D unsteady aerodynamic performance appropriately.展开更多
The long-lived isotope ^(53)Mn cosmogenically produced in situ is a very useful indicator for geochronological dating.A new ^(53)Mn accelerator−mass-spectrometry(AMS)measurement method is developed based on the HI-13 ...The long-lived isotope ^(53)Mn cosmogenically produced in situ is a very useful indicator for geochronological dating.A new ^(53)Mn accelerator−mass-spectrometry(AMS)measurement method is developed based on the HI-13 Tandem Accelerator andΔE−Q3D detection system at China Institute of Atomic Energy.The performance of ^(53)Cr isobar separation and suppression is tested by a series of ^(53)Mn standards and commercial MnO samples.The results show that theΔE−Q3D detection system brought about an overall suppression factor of more than 107 for the interfering isobar ^(53)Cr.展开更多
Many hydrogen-bonded cross-linked hydrogels possess unique properties,but their limited processability hinders their potential applications.By incorporating a hydrogen bond dissociator(HBD)into these hydrogels,we deve...Many hydrogen-bonded cross-linked hydrogels possess unique properties,but their limited processability hinders their potential applications.By incorporating a hydrogen bond dissociator(HBD)into these hydrogels,we developed injectable 3D printing inks termed diffusion-induced phase separation(DIPS)3D printing inks.Upon extrusion into water and subsequent diffusion of HBD,these ink cure rapidly.The DIPS-printed scaffold retained most of the original hydrogel properties due to the regeneration of hydrogen bonds.Additionally,the reversible nature of hydrogen bonds provides DIPS 3D-printed scaffolds with exceptional recycling and reprinting capabilities,resulting in a reduction in the waste of valuable raw ink materials or additives.Postprocessing introduces new crosslinking methods that modulate the mechanical properties and degradation characteristics of DIPS scaffolds over a broad range.Based on its suitable mechanical properties and bioactivity,we successfully repaired and functionally reconstructed a complex defect in penile erectile tissue using the DIPS scaffold in a rabbit model.In summary,this approach is relevant for various hydrogen-bonded cross-linked hydrogels that offer mild printing conditions and enable the incorporation of bioactive agents.They can be used as scaffolds for dynamic tissue reconstruction,wearable devices,or soft robots.展开更多
Cell fate transition is a fascinating process involving complex dynamics of three-dimensional(3D)chromatin organization and phase separation,which play an essential role in cell fate decision by regulating gene expres...Cell fate transition is a fascinating process involving complex dynamics of three-dimensional(3D)chromatin organization and phase separation,which play an essential role in cell fate decision by regulating gene expression.Phase separation is increasingly being considered a driving force of chromatin folding.In this review,we have summarized the dynamic features of 3D chromatin and phase separation during physiological and pathological cell fate transitions and systematically analyzed recent evidence of phase separation facilitating the chromatin structure.In addition,we discuss current advances in understanding how phase separation contributes to physical and functional enhancerpromoter contacts.We highlight the functional roles of 3D chromatin organization and phase separation in cell fate transitions,and more explorations are required to study the regulatory relationship between 3D chromatin organization and phase separation.展开更多
Thick,flexible electrodes are essential to simultaneously achieving flexibility and high energy density;however,mechanical failure and the sluggish movement of ions and electrons both restrict their application.Here,a...Thick,flexible electrodes are essential to simultaneously achieving flexibility and high energy density;however,mechanical failure and the sluggish movement of ions and electrons both restrict their application.Here,a thick electrode reinforced by a stainless-steel(SS)fiber three-dimensional(3D)current collector is proposed that simultaneously attains unprecedented flexibility and a high energy density.This ultra-flexible electrode is prepared by a thermally induced phase separation process.Its meso/macroporosity enhances ionic conductivity,and the 3D fiber reinforcement enhances interfacial adhesion,flexural durability,and electrical conductivity.Owing to these advantages,the fiber-reinforced electrode has a minimum bending radius of 3 mm owing to its high yield strain(13%)and attains a high energy density of 500 Wh·L^(-1),which is considerably higher than that of previous flexible batteries(100–350 Wh·L^(-1)).In contrast with the same electrode coated on metal foil,which suffers from delamination,the fiber-reinforced electrode is delamination-free and outperforms in rate capability and cycling performance.Unlike conventional current collectors(foil,mesh,or foam),the SS fiber can be tailored to be distrib-uted throughout the electrode and to fit the electrode form factor.Fiber-reinforced electrodes are also excellent at creating 3D free-form batteries,which are difficult to fabricate with conventional electrode structures.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22274021)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2022J01535)for financial support。
文摘Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)have demonstrated great potential in chromatographic separation because of unique structure and superior performance.Herein,single-crystal three-dimensional(3D)COFs with regular morphology,good monodispersity and high specific surface area,were used as a stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The single-crystal 3D COFs packed column not only exhibits high efficiency in separating hydrophobic molecules involving substituted benzenes,halogenated benzenes,halogenated nitrobenzenes,aromatic amines,aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and phthalate esters(PAEs),but also achieves baseline separation of acenaphthene and acenaphthylene with similar physical and chemical properties as well as environmental pollutants,which cannot be quickly separated on commercial C18 column and a polycrystalline 3D COFs packed column.Especially,the column efficiency of 17303-24255 plates/m was obtained for PAEs,and the resolution values for acenaphthene and acenaphthylene,and carbamazepine(CBZ)and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide(CBZEP)were 1.7and 2.2,respectively.This successful application not only confirmed the great potential of the singlecrystal 3D COFs in HPLC separation of the organic molecules,but also facilitates the application of COFs in separation science.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21773089)the Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientist(No.GZS2024004).
文摘Herein,a new type of two-dimensional(2D)/2D Ti_(3)C_(2)/TiO_(2) heterojunction was developed for efficient photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR),in which TiO_(2) nanosheets(TiO_(2) Ns)were designed as the main catalyst,while Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene served as the co-catalyst.Experimental and theoretical results revealed that Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene introduced electron-rich unsaturated Ti sites,serving as highly active sites for both the adsorption and activation of N_(2) on the Ti_(3)C_(2)/TiO_(2) heterojunction.Furthermore,the 2D/2D Ti_(3)C_(2)/TiO_(2) heterostructure greatly promoted the directional separation and transfer of charge carriers,facilitated by the internal electric field.This structural feature enabled the spatial separation of the N_(2) reduction and H2 O oxidation half-reactions on the distinct surfaces of Ti_(3)C_(2)(001)and TiO_(2)(001),con-sequently reducing the reaction energy barrier for each respective process.The synergistic effects arising from the interface and surface interactions within the heterojunction conspicuously improved the photo-catalytic NRR activity.As a result,the optimized Ti_(3)C_(2)/TiO_(2) heterojunction exhibited a high NH_(3) produc-tion rate of 24.4μmol g−1 h−1 in the absence of sacrificial agents,representing a remarkable 12.8-fold increase compared to individual TiO_(2) Ns.This work provides new insights into rational design of high-performance heterogeneous photocatalysts and offers a deeper understanding of the mechanism under-lying surface active sites in the photocatalytic NRR process.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10971185)
文摘This paper takes some investigations on generalized topological spaces with some μ- separations. Some characterizations of μTi-spaces for i = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, μTn-spaces and μR0-spaces are obtained and some relations among these spaces are established.
文摘Appearance-based dynamic Hand Gesture Recognition(HGR)remains a prominent area of research in Human-Computer Interaction(HCI).Numerous environmental and computational constraints limit its real-time deployment.In addition,the performance of a model decreases as the subject’s distance from the camera increases.This study proposes a 3D separable Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),considering the model’s computa-tional complexity and recognition accuracy.The 20BN-Jester dataset was used to train the model for six gesture classes.After achieving the best offline recognition accuracy of 94.39%,the model was deployed in real-time while considering the subject’s attention,the instant of performing a gesture,and the subject’s distance from the camera.Despite being discussed in numerous research articles,the distance factor remains unresolved in real-time deployment,which leads to degraded recognition results.In the proposed approach,the distance calculation substantially improves the classification performance by reducing the impact of the subject’s distance from the camera.Additionally,the capability of feature extraction,degree of relevance,and statistical significance of the proposed model against other state-of-the-art models were validated using t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding(t-SNE),Mathew’s Correlation Coefficient(MCC),and the McNemar test,respectively.We observed that the proposed model exhibits state-of-the-art outcomes and a comparatively high significance level.
基金This work was supported by the Center for Biosystems,Neuroscience,and Nanotechnology(CBNN)of City University of Hong Kong(9360148 and 9380062)the University Grants Council of Hong Kong(GRF projects:11247716,11218017,11213018,and 11212519,CRF project:C1013-15G).
文摘Cancer cell separation is highly desirable for cancer diagnosis and therapy.Besides biochemical methods,engineered platforms are effective alternatives for sorting carcinoma cells from normal cells based on their unique properties in responding to the physical changes of the surrounding microenvironment.In this work,three-dimensional(3D)biomimetic scaffold platforms were developed to separate nasopharyngeal carcinoma 43(NPC43)cells from immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial 460(NP460)cells based on precisely controlled design parameters including stiffness,number of layers,and structural layout.The migration characteristics of NPC43 and NP460 cells on the scaffold platforms revealed that NPC43 cells could squeeze into 10 lm wide,15 lm deep trenches while NP460 cells could not.The different migration behavior was mainly due to cells having different interactions with the surrounding microenvironment.NPC43 cells had filopodia-like protrusions,while NP460 cells exhibited a sheet-like morphology.Using these 3D biomimetic platforms,89%separation efficiency of NPC43 cells from NP460 cells was achieved on stiffer two-layer scaffold platforms with a 40/10 lm ridge/trench(R/T)grating on the top layer and a 20/10 lm R/T grid on the bottom layer.Moreover,the separation efficiency was further increased to 93%by adding an active conditioned medium(ACM)that caused the cells to have higher motility and deformability.These results demonstrate the capability to apply biomimetic engineered platforms with appropriate designs to separate cancer cells from normal cells for potential cancer diagnosis and treatment.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10875176)
文摘The ratio of 36Cl/Cl can determine the exposure age of surface rocks and monitor the secular equilibrium of 36Cl of sedimentary and igneous rock in groundwater. Due to the uncertainty effects of different chemical separation processes for removing 36S, there is a high degree of uncertainty in 36Cl accelerator mass spectrometry （AMS） measurements if the ratio of 36Cl/Cl is lower than 10-14. A 36Cl1 AMS higher sensitivity measurement has been set up by using a AE-Q3D method at the China Institute of Atomic Energy （CIAE）. The performances of AE-Q3D method for 36Cl-AMS measurement had been systemically studied. The experimental results show that the AE-Q3D method has a higher isobar suppression factor. Taking advantage of direct removing 36S, the sample preparation can be simplified and the uncertainty effects of different chemical separation processes can be reduced in 36Cl AMS measurements.
基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51702087 and 21673066)~~
文摘Photocatalytic method has been intensively explored for Cr(VI)reduction owing to its efficient and environmentally friendly natures.In order to obtain a high efficiency in practical application,efficient photocatalysts need to be developed.Here,ZnIn2S4/SnS2 with a three-dimensional(3D)heterostructure was prepared by a hydrothermal method and its photocatalytic performance in Cr(VI)reduction was investigated.When the mass ratio of SnS2 to ZnIn2S4 is 1:10,the ZnIn2S4/SnS2 composite exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity with 100%efficiency for Cr(VI)(50 mg/L)reduction within 70 min under visible-light irradiation,which is much higher than those of pure ZnIn2S4 and SnS2.The enhanced charge separation and the light absorption have been confirmed from the photoluminescence and UV-vis absorption spectra to be the two reasons for the increased activity towards photocatalytic Cr(VI)reduction.In addition,after three cycles of testing,no obvious degradation is observed with the 3D heterostructured ZnIn2S4/SnS2,which maintains a good photocatalytic stability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61901448,61871401,12002340).
文摘Modular Solar-Powered Aircraft(M-SPA)is a kind of High-Altitude Long-Endurance(HALE)aircraft which exploits the mission advantage of swarm UAV and the HALE advantage of large aspect-ratio SPA.M-SPA’s separated mode and combined mode give it the potential to maximize the mission efficiency with limited solar energy.In this paper,firstly,oriented by the mission of maximizing the cruise area,the overall design of the M-SPA is modeled,including the energy model,the aerodynamic model and the flight environment settings.Secondly,by analyzing the energy consumption of the flight modes,we design a multi-phase flight mission strategy.Then,a 24-hour three-dimensional(3D)flight profile of the M-SPA is optimized,including the sub-SPA cooperative path planning in the separation mode.Finally,inspired by the Traveling Salesman Problem(TSP),an improved Ant Colony Algorithm(ACA)is exploited to find the optimal path for each sub-SPA,which is further developed into a dynamic separation and combination scheme for the M-SPA.The simulation results show that the mission performance of the M-SPA outperforms that of the conventional SPA,and explicitly,the mission coverage of the M-SPA is slightly less than a linear increase under comparable simulation conditions.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21176028 and21506011)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(21425624)Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China(20121101110050)
文摘Glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-mono-β-D-glucuronide （GAMG）, the major functional ingredient in licorice, has widespread applications in food, pharmacy and cosmetics industry. The production of GAMG through Penicillium purpurogenum Li-3 cultivation was for the first time performed through both batch and fed-batch processes in bioreactors. In batch process, under optimal conditions （pH 5.0, temperature 32℃, agitation speed 100 r. rain 1）, 3.55 g. L^-1 GAMG was obtained in a 2.5 L fermentor. To further enhance GAMG production, a fine fed-batch process was developed by using pH and DO as feedback parameters. Starting from 48 h, 100 m190 g-L 1 substrate Glycyrrhizin （GL） was fed each time when pH increased to above 5.0 and DO was increased to above 80%. This strategy can significantly enhance GAMG production： the achieved GL conversion was 95.34% with GAMG yield of 95.15%, and GAMG concentration was 16.62 g. L^-1 which was 5 times higher than that of batch. Then, a two-step separation strat- egy was established to separate GAMG from fermentation broth by crude extraction of 15 ml column packed with D10I resin followed by fine purification with preparative C18 chromatography. The obtained GAMG purity was 95.79%. This study provides a new insight into the industrial bioprocess of high-level GAMG production.
基金The authors thank for National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1710106)for financial support.
文摘Coal chemical wastewater(CCW)with the features of high toxicity and poor biodegradability is a big issue in environmental remediation,posing a great threat to aquatic ecosystems and to human beings.Such complex molecular mixtures are notoriously difficult to characterize without initial physical separation.Herein,we present the 3D diffusion ordered spectroscopy(DOSY)analysis for CCW using DOSY-COSY and DOSY-HSQC methods,the advantages of this strategy have been demonstrated in the analysis of mixtures of aliphatic oxygenates and aromatic compounds,before being implemented on a genuine CCW sample in this study.The results showed that 3D DOSY is a robust and reliable tool for providing superior resolution and virtual separation of complex pollutants,and can be used as a general approach for structural elucidation.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22178232)the Key Research and Development Program of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province (No. 2021ZYCD009)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program (No. 2018YFC1901101)the Program of Sichuan University Featured Research Groups in Engineering Disciplines
文摘Superwetting aerogel is a promising alternative for the remediation of emulsified oily wastewater for its high porosity combined with extreme wettability enabled high separation performances to emulsion wastewater. However, it remains challenging for superwetting aerogels to accomplish high-performance dual separation to surfactantstabilized oil-in-water(O/W) and water-in-oil(W/O) emulsions with high stability. Herein, an environmentally benign superamphiphilic composite aerogel was prepared by a green synthesis route that relied on the utilization of natural amphiphilic biomass. Collagen fibers(CFs) were utilized to construct the three-dimensional(3D) supramolecular skeleton of aerogel to provide high storage capacity of water/oil and outstanding capillary effect to boost the mass transfer. The two-dimensional(2D) lamellar structure of gelatin(Gel) was further grown on the skeleton of CFs aerogel to play the role for simultaneously enhanced demulsifying capability and spreading of emulsions. The as-prepared superamphiphilic aerogel enabled the separation of highly stable surfactant-stabilized O/W and W/O emulsions with high separation efficiency and flux. Excellent recycling performances and anti-fouling performance were also confirmed. Our investigations therefore demonstrated that the structural engineering of superamphiphilic aerogel is a promising way to realize high-performance dual separation of surfactant-stabilized O/W and W/O emulsion wastewater.
基金supported by a National Science and Technology Major Project(2017-VI-0007-0077)the National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program of China(JCIKYS2019607001)+3 种基金the National Defense S&T Pre-Research Foundation of China(6142905192509)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51772246,51272210,50902112,and U1737209)the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFB1103500 and 2017YFB1103501)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3102019PJ008 and 3102018jcc002)。
文摘Superwetting surfaces have the potential to address oil pollution in water,through their ability to separate the two.However,it remains a great challenge to fabricate stable and efficient separation structures using conventional manufacturing techniques.Furthermore,the materials traditionally used for oil-water separation are not stable at high temperature.Therefore,there is a need to develop stable,customizable structures to improve the performance of oil-water separation devices.In recent years,3D printing technology has developed rapidly,and breakthroughs have been made in the fabrication of complicated ceramic structures using this technology.Here,a ceramic material with a gradient pore structure and superhydrophobic/superoleophilic properties was prepared using 3D printing for high-efficiency oil-water separation.The gradient pore structure developed here can support a flux of up to 25434 L/m^(2)h,which is nearly 40%higher than that an analogous structure with straight pores.At 200℃,the oil-water separation performance was maintained at 97.4%.Furthermore,samples of the material exhibited outstanding mechanical properties,and chemical stability in a variety of harsh environments.This study provides an efficient,simple,and reliable method for manufacturing oil-water separation materials using 3D printing,and may have broader implications for both fundamental research and industrial applications.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)(No. 2007CB714600)
文摘The dynamic stall process in three-dimensional （3D） cases on a rectangular wing undergoing a constant rate ramp-up motion is introduced to provide a qualitative analysis about the onset and development of the stall phenomenon. Based on the enhanced understanding of the mechanism of dynamic stalls, a 3D dynamic stall model is constructed with the emphasis of the onset, the growth, and the convection of the dynamic stall vortex on the 3D wing surface. The results show that this engineering dynamic stall model can simulate the 3D unsteady aerodynamic performance appropriately.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11075221 and 10705054.
文摘The long-lived isotope ^(53)Mn cosmogenically produced in situ is a very useful indicator for geochronological dating.A new ^(53)Mn accelerator−mass-spectrometry(AMS)measurement method is developed based on the HI-13 Tandem Accelerator andΔE−Q3D detection system at China Institute of Atomic Energy.The performance of ^(53)Cr isobar separation and suppression is tested by a series of ^(53)Mn standards and commercial MnO samples.The results show that theΔE−Q3D detection system brought about an overall suppression factor of more than 107 for the interfering isobar ^(53)Cr.
基金National Funded Postdoctoral Researcher Program,Grant/Award Number:GZC20231080National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFB3800800+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,Grant/Award Numbers:2022B1515130010,2023A1515110794National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:U22A20157。
文摘Many hydrogen-bonded cross-linked hydrogels possess unique properties,but their limited processability hinders their potential applications.By incorporating a hydrogen bond dissociator(HBD)into these hydrogels,we developed injectable 3D printing inks termed diffusion-induced phase separation(DIPS)3D printing inks.Upon extrusion into water and subsequent diffusion of HBD,these ink cure rapidly.The DIPS-printed scaffold retained most of the original hydrogel properties due to the regeneration of hydrogen bonds.Additionally,the reversible nature of hydrogen bonds provides DIPS 3D-printed scaffolds with exceptional recycling and reprinting capabilities,resulting in a reduction in the waste of valuable raw ink materials or additives.Postprocessing introduces new crosslinking methods that modulate the mechanical properties and degradation characteristics of DIPS scaffolds over a broad range.Based on its suitable mechanical properties and bioactivity,we successfully repaired and functionally reconstructed a complex defect in penile erectile tissue using the DIPS scaffold in a rabbit model.In summary,this approach is relevant for various hydrogen-bonded cross-linked hydrogels that offer mild printing conditions and enable the incorporation of bioactive agents.They can be used as scaffolds for dynamic tissue reconstruction,wearable devices,or soft robots.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31970811,31771639 and 32170798)the Guangdong Regenerative Medicine and Health of Guangdong Laboratory Frontier Exploration Project(2018GZR110105007)+6 种基金the Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(2016ZT06S029)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2011B1515120063)to J.D.the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Jinan University(Natural Science)(2162004)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M701441)China Postdoctoral Special Grant Foundation(2022T150269)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515)Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(202201010961)to L.F..
文摘Cell fate transition is a fascinating process involving complex dynamics of three-dimensional(3D)chromatin organization and phase separation,which play an essential role in cell fate decision by regulating gene expression.Phase separation is increasingly being considered a driving force of chromatin folding.In this review,we have summarized the dynamic features of 3D chromatin and phase separation during physiological and pathological cell fate transitions and systematically analyzed recent evidence of phase separation facilitating the chromatin structure.In addition,we discuss current advances in understanding how phase separation contributes to physical and functional enhancerpromoter contacts.We highlight the functional roles of 3D chromatin organization and phase separation in cell fate transitions,and more explorations are required to study the regulatory relationship between 3D chromatin organization and phase separation.
基金supported by the Basic Research Program funded by the Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials(grant number NK242C,NK249G)the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(NRF-2021M3H4A1A02099352).
文摘Thick,flexible electrodes are essential to simultaneously achieving flexibility and high energy density;however,mechanical failure and the sluggish movement of ions and electrons both restrict their application.Here,a thick electrode reinforced by a stainless-steel(SS)fiber three-dimensional(3D)current collector is proposed that simultaneously attains unprecedented flexibility and a high energy density.This ultra-flexible electrode is prepared by a thermally induced phase separation process.Its meso/macroporosity enhances ionic conductivity,and the 3D fiber reinforcement enhances interfacial adhesion,flexural durability,and electrical conductivity.Owing to these advantages,the fiber-reinforced electrode has a minimum bending radius of 3 mm owing to its high yield strain(13%)and attains a high energy density of 500 Wh·L^(-1),which is considerably higher than that of previous flexible batteries(100–350 Wh·L^(-1)).In contrast with the same electrode coated on metal foil,which suffers from delamination,the fiber-reinforced electrode is delamination-free and outperforms in rate capability and cycling performance.Unlike conventional current collectors(foil,mesh,or foam),the SS fiber can be tailored to be distrib-uted throughout the electrode and to fit the electrode form factor.Fiber-reinforced electrodes are also excellent at creating 3D free-form batteries,which are difficult to fabricate with conventional electrode structures.
