●AIM:To determine the teaching effects of a real-time three dimensional(3D)visualization system in the operating room for early-stage phacoemulsification training.●METHODS:A total of 10 ophthalmology residents of th...●AIM:To determine the teaching effects of a real-time three dimensional(3D)visualization system in the operating room for early-stage phacoemulsification training.●METHODS:A total of 10 ophthalmology residents of the first-year postgraduate were included.All the residents were novices to cataract surgery.Real-time cataract surgical observations were performed using a custom-built 3D visualization system.The training lasted 4wk(32h)in all.A modified International Council of Ophthalmology’s Ophthalmology Surgical Competency Assessment Rubric(ICO-OSCAR)containing 4 specific steps of cataract surgery was applied.The self-assessment(self)and expert-assessment(expert)were performed through the microsurgical attempts in the wet lab for each participant.●RESULTS:Compared with pre-training assessments(self 3.2±0.8,expert 2.5±0.6),the overall mean scores of posttraining(self 5.2±0.4,expert 4.7±0.6)were significantly improved after real-time observation training of 3D visualization system(P<0.05).Scores of 4 surgical items were significantly improved both self and expert assessment after training(P<0.05).●CONCLUSION:The 3D observation training provides novice ophthalmic residents with a better understanding of intraocular microsurgical techniques.It is a useful tool to improve teaching efficiency of surgical education.展开更多
The 3D visualization model of slop with structural plane can displayed the characters of structural plane in slop directly, and illustrated the spatial combination. It is a modem and critical question in the field of ...The 3D visualization model of slop with structural plane can displayed the characters of structural plane in slop directly, and illustrated the spatial combination. It is a modem and critical question in the field of geotechnical engineering. Based on the peculiarity of the reconnaissance and the research of the visualization by formers, systemized the method fit for building 3D visualization model of slop with structural plane. Write the special program with Visual C^-＋ computer language and illustrated it by OpenGL, the program can displayed and captured the random section plane. The program has a satisfied result by proving with the real projects.展开更多
This paper put forward the structure and construction process of three-dimensional visualization of hydroelectric construction system model based on GIS and 3D visualization platform. The paper first describes the 3D ...This paper put forward the structure and construction process of three-dimensional visualization of hydroelectric construction system model based on GIS and 3D visualization platform. The paper first describes the 3D visualization based on GIS, then discusses the method of constructing 3D visual digital model, and then introduces the terrain digital technology, feature modeling technology. Finally, the technical route shows that this method has good practicability.展开更多
The conventional 2D design method of culverts separated from 3D model cannot directly visualize the process of creating and renewal process. This paper explores graphics application framework of Open GL based on MFC, ...The conventional 2D design method of culverts separated from 3D model cannot directly visualize the process of creating and renewal process. This paper explores graphics application framework of Open GL based on MFC, developing the 3D visualization system of hydraulic culvert. This system effectively integrats with building design, structural design and parametric design and image processing technology. The results can be shown by 3D visualization design.展开更多
The introduction of path planning and visual navigation in vascular interventional surgery can provide an intuitive reference and guidance for doctors.In this study,based on the preprocessing results of vessel skeleto...The introduction of path planning and visual navigation in vascular interventional surgery can provide an intuitive reference and guidance for doctors.In this study,based on the preprocessing results of vessel skeleton extraction and stenosis diagnosis in X-ray coronary angiography images,clustering is used to determine the connectivity of the intersection points,and then the improved Dijkstra algorithm is used to automatically plan the surgical path.On this basis,the intermediate point is introduced to piecewise correct the path and improve the accuracy of the system.Finally,the epipolar constrained inverse projection transformation is used to reconstruct the coronary artery 3D model,and the optimal path is marked to achieve a multi-angle 3D visual navigation.Clinical experimental results show that compared with the traditional Dijkstra algorithm,the improved method can reduce the need for intermediate points,which improves computational efficiency,and the average error of manual calibration path is reduced to 4%of that before overall optimization.The results of 3D reconstruction and reprojection further qualitatively and quantitatively verify the effectiveness of the whole scheme.展开更多
In plant research,there is a demand for non-destructive and non-invasive trait measurement methods for phenotyping that can be used to accurately analyze various aspects of plants,such as stem length,leaf area,and lea...In plant research,there is a demand for non-destructive and non-invasive trait measurement methods for phenotyping that can be used to accurately analyze various aspects of plants,such as stem length,leaf area,and leaf inclination.In this study,a method for measuring the leaf geometric characteristics of poplar seedlings based on 3D visualization via the use of time-of-flight(ToF)and digital cameras was proposed.Firstly,the average distance density function method was applied to process outliers of leaves.Secondly,to improve the accuracy of data fitting,a specific method using the angle of adjacent two-point normal vectors was introduced to filter redundant data,kept essential sample values as the control points,and then used the control points to fit the leaf surface based on non-uniform rational B-splines(NURBS).At the same time,NURBS was used to fit the trunk according to its control points and an iterative method to fit the other branches.Finally,3D visualization of poplar seedlings was achieved,and leaf traits,including leaf width,leaf length,leaf area,and leaf inclination angle,were calculated.To obtain accurate results,multiple experiments were conducted including assessments of poplar seedlings exhibiting normal growth and those grown under water shortage.The results of the proposed method were compared with the real values of the leaves.The RMSE for leaf width,leaf length,leaf area,and leaf angle were 0.18 cm,0.21 cm,1.14 cm^(2),and 1.97°,respectively.The results proved that this approach could be used to accurately measure the leaf characteristics of poplar seedlings via visualization.展开更多
We present a method of 3D image mosaicing for real 3D representation of roadside buildings, and implement a Web-based interactive visualization environment for the 3D video mosaics created by 3D image mosaicing. The 3...We present a method of 3D image mosaicing for real 3D representation of roadside buildings, and implement a Web-based interactive visualization environment for the 3D video mosaics created by 3D image mosaicing. The 3D image mo- saicing technique developed in our previous work is a very powerful method for creating textured 3D-GIS data without excessive data processing like the laser or stereo system. For the Web-based open access to the 3D video mosaics, we build an interactive visualization environment using X3D, the emerging standard of Web 3D. We conduct the data preprocessing for 3D video mosaics and the X3D modeling for textured 3D data. The data preprocessing includes the conversion of each frame of 3D video mosaics into concatenated image files that can be hyperlinked on the Web. The X3D modeling handles the representation of concatenated images using necessary X3D nodes. By employing X3D as the data format for 3D image mosaics, the real 3D representation of roadside buildings is extended to the Web and mobile service systems.展开更多
Data visualization empowers researchers to communicate their results that support scientific reasoning in an intuitive way.Three-dimension(3D)spatially resolved transcriptomic atlases constructed from multi-view and h...Data visualization empowers researchers to communicate their results that support scientific reasoning in an intuitive way.Three-dimension(3D)spatially resolved transcriptomic atlases constructed from multi-view and high-dimensional data have rapidly emerged as a powerful tool to unravel spatial gene expression patterns and cell type distribution in biological samples,revolutionizing the understanding of gene regulatory interactions and cell niches.However,limited accessible tools for data visualization impede the potential impact and application of this technology.Here we introduce VT3D,a visualization toolbox that allows users to explore 3D transcriptomic data,enabling gene expression projection to any 2D plane of interest,2D virtual slice creation and visualization,and interactive 3D data browsing with surface model plots.In addition,it can either work on personal devices in standalone mode or be hosted as a web-based server.We apply VT3D to multiple datasets produced by the most popular techniques,including both sequencing-based approaches(Stereo-seq,spatial transcriptomics,and Slide-seq)and imaging-based approaches(MERFISH and STARMap),and successfully build a 3D atlas database that allows interactive data browsing.We demonstrate that VT3D bridges the gap between researchers and spatially resolved transcriptomics,thus accelerating related studies such as embryogenesis and organogenesis processes.The source code of VT3D is available at https://github.com/BGI-Qingdao/VT3D,and the modeled atlas database is available at http://www.bgiocean.com/vt3d_example.展开更多
In this paper,a new 3D visualization technical method was developed for hydraulic fractures using micro-seismic monitoring.This technical method consists of four steps:i.interpret the geologic hydraulic fracture model...In this paper,a new 3D visualization technical method was developed for hydraulic fractures using micro-seismic monitoring.This technical method consists of four steps:i.interpret the geologic hydraulic fracture model based on seismic source location data from micro-seismic monitoring;ii.develop a hydraulic fracture indication model,relying on the 3D spatial freeze-frame of micro-seismic monitoring sources from hydraulic fracturing;iii.construct a hydraulic fracture density model using the intensity from the micro-seismic monitoring;and iv.implement a 3D visualization of the hydraulic fractures,relying on the spatial constraints of the density model,the hydraulic fracture indication model,and the properties of the hydraulic fractures.This proposed technical method was used to produce 3D visualizations of the hydraulic fractures in well X in the Jiao reservoir,China,and the 3D visualizations of the distribution,development,extent and cutting relationships of hydraulic fractures were successfully realized.The results show that this technical method can be used as a practical and reliable approach to characterize hydraulic fractures.展开更多
Background Intelligent garments,a burgeoning class of wearable devices,have extensive applications in domains such as sports training and medical rehabilitation.Nonetheless,existing research in the smart wearables dom...Background Intelligent garments,a burgeoning class of wearable devices,have extensive applications in domains such as sports training and medical rehabilitation.Nonetheless,existing research in the smart wearables domain predominantly emphasizes sensor functionality and quantity,often skipping crucial aspects related to user experience and interaction.Methods To address this gap,this study introduces a novel real-time 3D interactive system based on intelligent garments.The system utilizes lightweight sensor modules to collect human motion data and introduces a dual-stream fusion network based on pulsed neural units to classify and recognize human movements,thereby achieving real-time interaction between users and sensors.Additionally,the system incorporates 3D human visualization functionality,which visualizes sensor data and recognizes human actions as 3D models in real time,providing accurate and comprehensive visual feedback to help users better understand and analyze the details and features of human motion.This system has significant potential for applications in motion detection,medical monitoring,virtual reality,and other fields.The accurate classification of human actions contributes to the development of personalized training plans and injury prevention strategies.Conclusions This study has substantial implications in the domains of intelligent garments,human motion monitoring,and digital twin visualization.The advancement of this system is expected to propel the progress of wearable technology and foster a deeper comprehension of human motion.展开更多
In order to safely exploit coal resource, protection coal pillars must be prepared in coal mines. Some correlative parameters of protection coal pillar are calculated by Drop face and Drop line methods. Models of prot...In order to safely exploit coal resource, protection coal pillars must be prepared in coal mines. Some correlative parameters of protection coal pillar are calculated by Drop face and Drop line methods. Models of protecting surface objects and coal pillars are established by TIN modeling and object-oriented technique. By using ACCESS2000as the database and the VC＋＋ and OpenGL as the language, the calculation of protective coal pillars is realized and the 3D-visulizaiton system for protected objects on ground surface and for coal pillars is developed. The system can obtain the data of characteristic points on the surface interactively from the digitized mine topography map, constructing 3D model automatically. It can also obtain the interrelated parameters of the coal seam and drill hole data from existing geolog!cal surveying database to calculate the location, surface area and the total coal columns. The whole process can be computed quickly and accurately. And the 3D visualization system was applied in a mine, showing that the system solve the problem of complex calculation, not only realized the automatic 3D mapping and visualization of coal pillars for buildings protection, but also greatly improves the working efficiency.展开更多
3D terrain visualization of geographic information systems(GIS)data has become an important issue in recent years.This is due to the emergence of new geo-browsers such as Google Earth,widely popular among users.The av...3D terrain visualization of geographic information systems(GIS)data has become an important issue in recent years.This is due to the emergence of new geo-browsers such as Google Earth,widely popular among users.The availability of 3D representation tools has increased the demand for 3D terrain visualization.The aim of this paper is to review the literature related to the 3D terrain visualization of GIS data from the first map produced until the online mapping era.The reviews are divided into four different sections:manual visualization of 3D terrain,automated visualization of 3D terrain,online visualization of 3D terrain,and software for visualizing 3D terrain.Then,the paper compares between the different types of systems developed by various authors based on the capabilities and the limitations of the system.Some of the techniques have their own strengths and limitations which solve the problem in 3D terrain visualization.However,the research on improving 3D terrain visualization is still ongoing.This is due to the popularity of online environments and mobile devices that render 3D terrain.This review paper will help interested users understand the current state of 3D terrain visualization of GIS data in a better way.展开更多
3D stereoscopic visualization technology is coming into more and more common use in the field of entertainment,and this technology is also beginning to cut a striking figure in casting industry and scientific research...3D stereoscopic visualization technology is coming into more and more common use in the field of entertainment,and this technology is also beginning to cut a striking figure in casting industry and scientific research.The history,fundamental principle,and devices of 3D stereoscopic visualization technology are reviewed in this paper.The authors’research achievements on the 3D stereoscopic visualization technology in the modeling and simulation of the casting process are presented.This technology can be used for the observation of complex 3D solid models of castings and the simulated results of solidification processes such as temperature,fluid flow,displacement,stress strain and microstructure,as well as the predicted defects such as shrinkage/porosity,cracks,and deformation.It can also be used for other areas relating to 3D models,such as assembling of dies,cores,etc.Several cases are given to compare the illustration of simulated results by traditional images and red-blue 3D stereoscopic images.The spatial shape is observed better by the new method.The prospect of3D stereoscopic visualization in the casting aspect is discussed as well.The need for aided-viewing devices is still the most prominent problem of 3D stereoscopic visualization technology.However,3D stereoscopic visualization represents the tendency of visualization technology in the future;and as the problem is solved in the years ahead,great breakthroughs will certainly be made for its application in casting design and modeling and simulation of the casting processes.展开更多
Located in Lu-Zong ore concentration area, middle-lower Yangtze metallogenic belt, ShaXi porphyry copper deposit is a typical hydrothermal deposit. To investigate the distribution of deep ore bodies and spatial charac...Located in Lu-Zong ore concentration area, middle-lower Yangtze metallogenic belt, ShaXi porphyry copper deposit is a typical hydrothermal deposit. To investigate the distribution of deep ore bodies and spatial characteristics of host structures, an AMT survey was conducted in mining area. Eighteen pseudo-2D resistivity sections were constructed through careful processing and inversion. These sections clearly show resistivity difference between the Silurian sandstones formation and quartz diorite porphyry and this porphyry copper formation was controlled by the highly resistive anticlines. Using 3D block Kxiging interpolation method and 3D visualization techniques, we constructed a detailed 3D resistivity model of quartz diorite porphyry which shows the shape and spatial distribution of deep ore bodies. This case study can serve as a good example for future ore prospecting in and around this mining area.展开更多
Increasing population in urban areas and limitations of suitable lands for developing houses and urban infrastructure have led to the vertical development in cities.However,these developments are managed by a cadastra...Increasing population in urban areas and limitations of suitable lands for developing houses and urban infrastructure have led to the vertical development in cities.However,these developments are managed by a cadastral system which is mainly two-dimensional and cannot efficiently represent Rights,Restrictions,and Responsibilities(RRRs)in complex scenarios.In fact,a three-dimensional cadastre is required for efficiently registering and representing RRRs.In this paper,a 3D proximity analysis was proposed and implemented to determine RRRs and associated easement rights in non-topology-based data structures.This method can be used to investigate the surrounding spaces of a subject apartment unit or storage in a high-rise.The performance of the developed method was evaluated in a large complex high-rise in Tehran,Iran.The results confirmed that the proposed method can correctly identify the neighbor spaces in complex scenarios.展开更多
Digital holography has high potentials for future 3D imaging and display technology.We present a method for a dynamic full-color digital holographic 3D display on single digital micro-mirror device(DMD)with full-color...Digital holography has high potentials for future 3D imaging and display technology.We present a method for a dynamic full-color digital holographic 3D display on single digital micro-mirror device(DMD)with full-color,high-speed and high-fidelity characteristics.We combine the square regions of adjacent micro-mirrors into super-pixels that can modulate amplitude and phase independently.Gray images are achieved by amplitude modulation and precise positioning of each color is achieved by phase modulation.The proposed method realizes a full-color imaging based on the three primary colors and achieves measured structural similarity of more than 88%and color similarity of more than 98%,while retaining the high switch speed of 9 kHz,thus achieving dynamic full-color 3D display on charge-coupled device(CCD).展开更多
3D visualization is one of major problems in “Digital Mine” theory and its technological research field. Through the observation of 3D geological models, spatial structural information, connected with the informatio...3D visualization is one of major problems in “Digital Mine” theory and its technological research field. Through the observation of 3D geological models, spatial structural information, connected with the information of production management hidden in geological data, could be detected. In order to meet the requirement of more efficient coal exploration, a case study of geological characters of the Daliuta Coal Mine is presented in which 3D visual models of the ground surface and geologic bodies are established on the basis of data models and data structures of 3D geology modeling. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) Through analysis and organization of spatial discrete data, the drillhole database is designed with the data of the Daliuta mine; the connections amomg drillhole data are real- ized and displayed in a 3D environment. (2) Combining real data of the Daliuta mine, drillhole visualization is realized in a 3D environment by using the CoalMiner system. (3) The ground surface modeling of the Daliuta coal mine adopted a surface-data model and a TIN data structure. (4) 3D models of coal seams and rock formations of the Daliuta mine are established, which provide a method for the simulation of complex surfaces of geologic bodies. In the end, the models are applied to the Daliuta coal mine and the result shows that better geological effects are obtained.展开更多
Understanding the behavior of urban air pollution is important en route for sustainable urban development (SUD). Malaysia is on its mission to be a developed country by year 2020 comprehends dealing with air pollution...Understanding the behavior of urban air pollution is important en route for sustainable urban development (SUD). Malaysia is on its mission to be a developed country by year 2020 comprehends dealing with air pollution is one of the indicators headed towards it. At present monitoring and managing air pollution in urban areas encompasses sophisticated air quality modeling and data acquisition. However, rapid developments in major cities cause difficulties in acquiring the city geometries. The existing method in acquiring city geometries data via ground or space measurement inspection such as field survey, photogrammetry, laser scanning, remote sensing or using architectural plans appears not to be practical because of its cost and efforts. Moreover, air monitoring stations deployed are intended for regional to global scale model whereby it is not accurate for urban areas with typical resolution of less than 2 km. Furthermore in urban areas, the pollutant dispersion movements are trapped between buildings initiating it to move vertically causing visualization complications which imply the limitations of existing visualization scheme that is based on two-dimensional (2D) framework. Therefore this paper aims is to perform groundwork assessment and discuss on the current scenario in Malaysia in the aspect of current policies towards SUD, air quality monitoring stations, scale model and detail discussion on air pollution dispersion model used called the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM). This research proposed the implementation of three-dimensional (3D) spatial city model as a new physical data input for OSPM. The five Level of Details (LOD) of 3D spatial city model shows the scale applicability for the dispersion model implementtation. Subsequently 3D spatial city model data commonly available on the web, by having a unified data model shows the advantages in easy data acquisition, 3D visualization of air pollution dispersion and improves visual analysis of air quality monitoring in urban areas.展开更多
3D visualization technology is a new seismic interpretation technology that is completely different from traditional seismic data interpretation technologies. This method takes geologic bodies or any 3D region of inte...3D visualization technology is a new seismic interpretation technology that is completely different from traditional seismic data interpretation technologies. This method takes geologic bodies or any 3D region of interest as a unit and integrates the points, lines, and planes of the bodies to make a 3D visual interpretation. This technology can be integrated with the coherence technique to interpret complex faults. Spatial domain automatic horizon tracing can accurately determine structural features. Target sculpting can determine the spatial dimensions and depth extent of perspective 3D lithology bodies using inversion data. I applied this technology to the interpretation of the complex block structures in the Guanxi area of Dagang Oilfield and the prediction of subtle reservoirs in the western slope of the Qinan sag with good results. This study indicated that the visual interpretation technology can be widely and effectively applied in oil field development and to improve the exploration success ratio.展开更多
With the rapid development of computer graphics,distributed-computing and Internet,it is possible to achieve Internet-based virtual city.This paper dwells on the method of the terrain and its feature modeling and comp...With the rapid development of computer graphics,distributed-computing and Internet,it is possible to achieve Internet-based virtual city.This paper dwells on the method of the terrain and its feature modeling and complex entity modeling in the virtual city.Then,discusses the method for Internet-based virtual city 3D visualization and the design of the Browser/Server architecture of the system of virtual city in the network environment.Finally,Java and Java 3D are used to show an experiment example,and the related conclusion about Internet-based virtual city 3D displaying and the client-side interactive operation is given.展开更多
基金Supported by research grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFE0204400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82271042+1 种基金No.52203191)the Zhejiang Province Key Research and Development Program(No.2023C03090).
文摘●AIM:To determine the teaching effects of a real-time three dimensional(3D)visualization system in the operating room for early-stage phacoemulsification training.●METHODS:A total of 10 ophthalmology residents of the first-year postgraduate were included.All the residents were novices to cataract surgery.Real-time cataract surgical observations were performed using a custom-built 3D visualization system.The training lasted 4wk(32h)in all.A modified International Council of Ophthalmology’s Ophthalmology Surgical Competency Assessment Rubric(ICO-OSCAR)containing 4 specific steps of cataract surgery was applied.The self-assessment(self)and expert-assessment(expert)were performed through the microsurgical attempts in the wet lab for each participant.●RESULTS:Compared with pre-training assessments(self 3.2±0.8,expert 2.5±0.6),the overall mean scores of posttraining(self 5.2±0.4,expert 4.7±0.6)were significantly improved after real-time observation training of 3D visualization system(P<0.05).Scores of 4 surgical items were significantly improved both self and expert assessment after training(P<0.05).●CONCLUSION:The 3D observation training provides novice ophthalmic residents with a better understanding of intraocular microsurgical techniques.It is a useful tool to improve teaching efficiency of surgical education.
文摘The 3D visualization model of slop with structural plane can displayed the characters of structural plane in slop directly, and illustrated the spatial combination. It is a modem and critical question in the field of geotechnical engineering. Based on the peculiarity of the reconnaissance and the research of the visualization by formers, systemized the method fit for building 3D visualization model of slop with structural plane. Write the special program with Visual C^-＋ computer language and illustrated it by OpenGL, the program can displayed and captured the random section plane. The program has a satisfied result by proving with the real projects.
文摘This paper put forward the structure and construction process of three-dimensional visualization of hydroelectric construction system model based on GIS and 3D visualization platform. The paper first describes the 3D visualization based on GIS, then discusses the method of constructing 3D visual digital model, and then introduces the terrain digital technology, feature modeling technology. Finally, the technical route shows that this method has good practicability.
文摘The conventional 2D design method of culverts separated from 3D model cannot directly visualize the process of creating and renewal process. This paper explores graphics application framework of Open GL based on MFC, developing the 3D visualization system of hydraulic culvert. This system effectively integrats with building design, structural design and parametric design and image processing technology. The results can be shown by 3D visualization design.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61973210)the Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(Nos.YG2019ZDA17 and ZH2018QNB23)+1 种基金the Shanghai Advanced Technology Joint Research Fund(No.USCAST2020-7)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Commission Key Technology Project(No.JSGG20200701095003006)。
文摘The introduction of path planning and visual navigation in vascular interventional surgery can provide an intuitive reference and guidance for doctors.In this study,based on the preprocessing results of vessel skeleton extraction and stenosis diagnosis in X-ray coronary angiography images,clustering is used to determine the connectivity of the intersection points,and then the improved Dijkstra algorithm is used to automatically plan the surgical path.On this basis,the intermediate point is introduced to piecewise correct the path and improve the accuracy of the system.Finally,the epipolar constrained inverse projection transformation is used to reconstruct the coronary artery 3D model,and the optimal path is marked to achieve a multi-angle 3D visual navigation.Clinical experimental results show that compared with the traditional Dijkstra algorithm,the improved method can reduce the need for intermediate points,which improves computational efficiency,and the average error of manual calibration path is reduced to 4%of that before overall optimization.The results of 3D reconstruction and reprojection further qualitatively and quantitatively verify the effectiveness of the whole scheme.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0600905-1)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsthe Jiangsu Government Scholarship for Overseas Studies(JS-2014-013).
文摘In plant research,there is a demand for non-destructive and non-invasive trait measurement methods for phenotyping that can be used to accurately analyze various aspects of plants,such as stem length,leaf area,and leaf inclination.In this study,a method for measuring the leaf geometric characteristics of poplar seedlings based on 3D visualization via the use of time-of-flight(ToF)and digital cameras was proposed.Firstly,the average distance density function method was applied to process outliers of leaves.Secondly,to improve the accuracy of data fitting,a specific method using the angle of adjacent two-point normal vectors was introduced to filter redundant data,kept essential sample values as the control points,and then used the control points to fit the leaf surface based on non-uniform rational B-splines(NURBS).At the same time,NURBS was used to fit the trunk according to its control points and an iterative method to fit the other branches.Finally,3D visualization of poplar seedlings was achieved,and leaf traits,including leaf width,leaf length,leaf area,and leaf inclination angle,were calculated.To obtain accurate results,multiple experiments were conducted including assessments of poplar seedlings exhibiting normal growth and those grown under water shortage.The results of the proposed method were compared with the real values of the leaves.The RMSE for leaf width,leaf length,leaf area,and leaf angle were 0.18 cm,0.21 cm,1.14 cm^(2),and 1.97°,respectively.The results proved that this approach could be used to accurately measure the leaf characteristics of poplar seedlings via visualization.
文摘We present a method of 3D image mosaicing for real 3D representation of roadside buildings, and implement a Web-based interactive visualization environment for the 3D video mosaics created by 3D image mosaicing. The 3D image mo- saicing technique developed in our previous work is a very powerful method for creating textured 3D-GIS data without excessive data processing like the laser or stereo system. For the Web-based open access to the 3D video mosaics, we build an interactive visualization environment using X3D, the emerging standard of Web 3D. We conduct the data preprocessing for 3D video mosaics and the X3D modeling for textured 3D data. The data preprocessing includes the conversion of each frame of 3D video mosaics into concatenated image files that can be hyperlinked on the Web. The X3D modeling handles the representation of concatenated images using necessary X3D nodes. By employing X3D as the data format for 3D image mosaics, the real 3D representation of roadside buildings is extended to the Web and mobile service systems.
基金supported by the General Program(Key Program,Major Research Plan)of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32170439).
文摘Data visualization empowers researchers to communicate their results that support scientific reasoning in an intuitive way.Three-dimension(3D)spatially resolved transcriptomic atlases constructed from multi-view and high-dimensional data have rapidly emerged as a powerful tool to unravel spatial gene expression patterns and cell type distribution in biological samples,revolutionizing the understanding of gene regulatory interactions and cell niches.However,limited accessible tools for data visualization impede the potential impact and application of this technology.Here we introduce VT3D,a visualization toolbox that allows users to explore 3D transcriptomic data,enabling gene expression projection to any 2D plane of interest,2D virtual slice creation and visualization,and interactive 3D data browsing with surface model plots.In addition,it can either work on personal devices in standalone mode or be hosted as a web-based server.We apply VT3D to multiple datasets produced by the most popular techniques,including both sequencing-based approaches(Stereo-seq,spatial transcriptomics,and Slide-seq)and imaging-based approaches(MERFISH and STARMap),and successfully build a 3D atlas database that allows interactive data browsing.We demonstrate that VT3D bridges the gap between researchers and spatially resolved transcriptomics,thus accelerating related studies such as embryogenesis and organogenesis processes.The source code of VT3D is available at https://github.com/BGI-Qingdao/VT3D,and the modeled atlas database is available at http://www.bgiocean.com/vt3d_example.
基金We are grateful for the support of the National Major Basic Research Development Program of China(2014CB239205)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2021YFQ0049)the sub-project of the National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2017ZX05035003).
文摘In this paper,a new 3D visualization technical method was developed for hydraulic fractures using micro-seismic monitoring.This technical method consists of four steps:i.interpret the geologic hydraulic fracture model based on seismic source location data from micro-seismic monitoring;ii.develop a hydraulic fracture indication model,relying on the 3D spatial freeze-frame of micro-seismic monitoring sources from hydraulic fracturing;iii.construct a hydraulic fracture density model using the intensity from the micro-seismic monitoring;and iv.implement a 3D visualization of the hydraulic fractures,relying on the spatial constraints of the density model,the hydraulic fracture indication model,and the properties of the hydraulic fractures.This proposed technical method was used to produce 3D visualizations of the hydraulic fractures in well X in the Jiao reservoir,China,and the 3D visualizations of the distribution,development,extent and cutting relationships of hydraulic fractures were successfully realized.The results show that this technical method can be used as a practical and reliable approach to characterize hydraulic fractures.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62202346)Hubei Key Research and Development Program (2021BAA042)+3 种基金Open project of Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province for Clothing Information (2022HBCI01)Wuhan Applied Basic Frontier Research Project (2022013988065212)MIIT′s AI Industry Innovation Task Unveils Flagship Projects (Key Technologies,Equipment,and Systems for Flexible Customized and Intelligent Manufacturing in the Clothing Industry)Hubei Science and Technology Project of Safe Production Special Fund (Scene Control Platform Based on Proprioception Information Computing of Artificial Intelligence)。
文摘Background Intelligent garments,a burgeoning class of wearable devices,have extensive applications in domains such as sports training and medical rehabilitation.Nonetheless,existing research in the smart wearables domain predominantly emphasizes sensor functionality and quantity,often skipping crucial aspects related to user experience and interaction.Methods To address this gap,this study introduces a novel real-time 3D interactive system based on intelligent garments.The system utilizes lightweight sensor modules to collect human motion data and introduces a dual-stream fusion network based on pulsed neural units to classify and recognize human movements,thereby achieving real-time interaction between users and sensors.Additionally,the system incorporates 3D human visualization functionality,which visualizes sensor data and recognizes human actions as 3D models in real time,providing accurate and comprehensive visual feedback to help users better understand and analyze the details and features of human motion.This system has significant potential for applications in motion detection,medical monitoring,virtual reality,and other fields.The accurate classification of human actions contributes to the development of personalized training plans and injury prevention strategies.Conclusions This study has substantial implications in the domains of intelligent garments,human motion monitoring,and digital twin visualization.The advancement of this system is expected to propel the progress of wearable technology and foster a deeper comprehension of human motion.
基金Projects 59904001 supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to safely exploit coal resource, protection coal pillars must be prepared in coal mines. Some correlative parameters of protection coal pillar are calculated by Drop face and Drop line methods. Models of protecting surface objects and coal pillars are established by TIN modeling and object-oriented technique. By using ACCESS2000as the database and the VC＋＋ and OpenGL as the language, the calculation of protective coal pillars is realized and the 3D-visulizaiton system for protected objects on ground surface and for coal pillars is developed. The system can obtain the data of characteristic points on the surface interactively from the digitized mine topography map, constructing 3D model automatically. It can also obtain the interrelated parameters of the coal seam and drill hole data from existing geolog!cal surveying database to calculate the location, surface area and the total coal columns. The whole process can be computed quickly and accurately. And the 3D visualization system was applied in a mine, showing that the system solve the problem of complex calculation, not only realized the automatic 3D mapping and visualization of coal pillars for buildings protection, but also greatly improves the working efficiency.
文摘3D terrain visualization of geographic information systems(GIS)data has become an important issue in recent years.This is due to the emergence of new geo-browsers such as Google Earth,widely popular among users.The availability of 3D representation tools has increased the demand for 3D terrain visualization.The aim of this paper is to review the literature related to the 3D terrain visualization of GIS data from the first map produced until the online mapping era.The reviews are divided into four different sections:manual visualization of 3D terrain,automated visualization of 3D terrain,online visualization of 3D terrain,and software for visualizing 3D terrain.Then,the paper compares between the different types of systems developed by various authors based on the capabilities and the limitations of the system.Some of the techniques have their own strengths and limitations which solve the problem in 3D terrain visualization.However,the research on improving 3D terrain visualization is still ongoing.This is due to the popularity of online environments and mobile devices that render 3D terrain.This review paper will help interested users understand the current state of 3D terrain visualization of GIS data in a better way.
文摘3D stereoscopic visualization technology is coming into more and more common use in the field of entertainment,and this technology is also beginning to cut a striking figure in casting industry and scientific research.The history,fundamental principle,and devices of 3D stereoscopic visualization technology are reviewed in this paper.The authors’research achievements on the 3D stereoscopic visualization technology in the modeling and simulation of the casting process are presented.This technology can be used for the observation of complex 3D solid models of castings and the simulated results of solidification processes such as temperature,fluid flow,displacement,stress strain and microstructure,as well as the predicted defects such as shrinkage/porosity,cracks,and deformation.It can also be used for other areas relating to 3D models,such as assembling of dies,cores,etc.Several cases are given to compare the illustration of simulated results by traditional images and red-blue 3D stereoscopic images.The spatial shape is observed better by the new method.The prospect of3D stereoscopic visualization in the casting aspect is discussed as well.The need for aided-viewing devices is still the most prominent problem of 3D stereoscopic visualization technology.However,3D stereoscopic visualization represents the tendency of visualization technology in the future;and as the problem is solved in the years ahead,great breakthroughs will certainly be made for its application in casting design and modeling and simulation of the casting processes.
基金supported jointly by the National Natural Science Foundation Fund of China(Grant No.40930418)ChineseGovernment-funded Scientific Programmed of SinoProbe Deep Exploration in China(SinoProbe-03)the Basic Scientific Research-fund of Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences(Grant No.K1008)
文摘Located in Lu-Zong ore concentration area, middle-lower Yangtze metallogenic belt, ShaXi porphyry copper deposit is a typical hydrothermal deposit. To investigate the distribution of deep ore bodies and spatial characteristics of host structures, an AMT survey was conducted in mining area. Eighteen pseudo-2D resistivity sections were constructed through careful processing and inversion. These sections clearly show resistivity difference between the Silurian sandstones formation and quartz diorite porphyry and this porphyry copper formation was controlled by the highly resistive anticlines. Using 3D block Kxiging interpolation method and 3D visualization techniques, we constructed a detailed 3D resistivity model of quartz diorite porphyry which shows the shape and spatial distribution of deep ore bodies. This case study can serve as a good example for future ore prospecting in and around this mining area.
文摘Increasing population in urban areas and limitations of suitable lands for developing houses and urban infrastructure have led to the vertical development in cities.However,these developments are managed by a cadastral system which is mainly two-dimensional and cannot efficiently represent Rights,Restrictions,and Responsibilities(RRRs)in complex scenarios.In fact,a three-dimensional cadastre is required for efficiently registering and representing RRRs.In this paper,a 3D proximity analysis was proposed and implemented to determine RRRs and associated easement rights in non-topology-based data structures.This method can be used to investigate the surrounding spaces of a subject apartment unit or storage in a high-rise.The performance of the developed method was evaluated in a large complex high-rise in Tehran,Iran.The results confirmed that the proposed method can correctly identify the neighbor spaces in complex scenarios.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(91850202,61775085,11774256)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2016A030312010,2020A1515010958)Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(KQTD2017033011044403,ZDSYS201703031605029).
文摘Digital holography has high potentials for future 3D imaging and display technology.We present a method for a dynamic full-color digital holographic 3D display on single digital micro-mirror device(DMD)with full-color,high-speed and high-fidelity characteristics.We combine the square regions of adjacent micro-mirrors into super-pixels that can modulate amplitude and phase independently.Gray images are achieved by amplitude modulation and precise positioning of each color is achieved by phase modulation.The proposed method realizes a full-color imaging based on the three primary colors and achieves measured structural similarity of more than 88%and color similarity of more than 98%,while retaining the high switch speed of 9 kHz,thus achieving dynamic full-color 3D display on charge-coupled device(CCD).
基金Project 2002CB412601 supported by Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology
文摘3D visualization is one of major problems in “Digital Mine” theory and its technological research field. Through the observation of 3D geological models, spatial structural information, connected with the information of production management hidden in geological data, could be detected. In order to meet the requirement of more efficient coal exploration, a case study of geological characters of the Daliuta Coal Mine is presented in which 3D visual models of the ground surface and geologic bodies are established on the basis of data models and data structures of 3D geology modeling. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) Through analysis and organization of spatial discrete data, the drillhole database is designed with the data of the Daliuta mine; the connections amomg drillhole data are real- ized and displayed in a 3D environment. (2) Combining real data of the Daliuta mine, drillhole visualization is realized in a 3D environment by using the CoalMiner system. (3) The ground surface modeling of the Daliuta coal mine adopted a surface-data model and a TIN data structure. (4) 3D models of coal seams and rock formations of the Daliuta mine are established, which provide a method for the simulation of complex surfaces of geologic bodies. In the end, the models are applied to the Daliuta coal mine and the result shows that better geological effects are obtained.
基金Major funding for this research was provided by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia and partially funded by the Land Surveyors Board of Malaysia.
文摘Understanding the behavior of urban air pollution is important en route for sustainable urban development (SUD). Malaysia is on its mission to be a developed country by year 2020 comprehends dealing with air pollution is one of the indicators headed towards it. At present monitoring and managing air pollution in urban areas encompasses sophisticated air quality modeling and data acquisition. However, rapid developments in major cities cause difficulties in acquiring the city geometries. The existing method in acquiring city geometries data via ground or space measurement inspection such as field survey, photogrammetry, laser scanning, remote sensing or using architectural plans appears not to be practical because of its cost and efforts. Moreover, air monitoring stations deployed are intended for regional to global scale model whereby it is not accurate for urban areas with typical resolution of less than 2 km. Furthermore in urban areas, the pollutant dispersion movements are trapped between buildings initiating it to move vertically causing visualization complications which imply the limitations of existing visualization scheme that is based on two-dimensional (2D) framework. Therefore this paper aims is to perform groundwork assessment and discuss on the current scenario in Malaysia in the aspect of current policies towards SUD, air quality monitoring stations, scale model and detail discussion on air pollution dispersion model used called the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM). This research proposed the implementation of three-dimensional (3D) spatial city model as a new physical data input for OSPM. The five Level of Details (LOD) of 3D spatial city model shows the scale applicability for the dispersion model implementtation. Subsequently 3D spatial city model data commonly available on the web, by having a unified data model shows the advantages in easy data acquisition, 3D visualization of air pollution dispersion and improves visual analysis of air quality monitoring in urban areas.
文摘3D visualization technology is a new seismic interpretation technology that is completely different from traditional seismic data interpretation technologies. This method takes geologic bodies or any 3D region of interest as a unit and integrates the points, lines, and planes of the bodies to make a 3D visual interpretation. This technology can be integrated with the coherence technique to interpret complex faults. Spatial domain automatic horizon tracing can accurately determine structural features. Target sculpting can determine the spatial dimensions and depth extent of perspective 3D lithology bodies using inversion data. I applied this technology to the interpretation of the complex block structures in the Guanxi area of Dagang Oilfield and the prediction of subtle reservoirs in the western slope of the Qinan sag with good results. This study indicated that the visual interpretation technology can be widely and effectively applied in oil field development and to improve the exploration success ratio.
文摘With the rapid development of computer graphics,distributed-computing and Internet,it is possible to achieve Internet-based virtual city.This paper dwells on the method of the terrain and its feature modeling and complex entity modeling in the virtual city.Then,discusses the method for Internet-based virtual city 3D visualization and the design of the Browser/Server architecture of the system of virtual city in the network environment.Finally,Java and Java 3D are used to show an experiment example,and the related conclusion about Internet-based virtual city 3D displaying and the client-side interactive operation is given.
