Background:Successful liver resection in oncologic surgery depends on safety,precision,and efficacy,all of which require a thorough understanding of liver anatomy.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)-generated th...Background:Successful liver resection in oncologic surgery depends on safety,precision,and efficacy,all of which require a thorough understanding of liver anatomy.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)-generated three-dimensional(3D)models have been proposed as a valuable tool to enhance this understanding.However,a systematic comparison of different display modalities across professional groups has not yet been performed.Methods:In this prospective,monocentric randomized trial,we compared high-resolution twodimensional(2D)CT images of liver malignancies with their corresponding standardized,non-colored 3D virtual and printed models in facilitating anatomical and spatial understanding as well as surgical decision-making.A total of 91 participants,including 40 surgeons,10 radiologists,and 41 students,evaluated six clinical cases(three centrally and three peripherally located liver malignancies).Each participant assessed one central and one peripheral case per display modality,presented in a random order.Results:Compared to 2D CT images,both 3D virtual and printed models significantly improved the identification of tumor location(P<0.001),enhanced the comprehension of spatial relationships with adjacent liver and portal veins(P<0.001 and P=0.019,respectively),and facilitated clinical decisionmaking(P<0.001).No significant difference was observed between virtual and printed models in terms of effectiveness.Within the different groups,surgeons and students,but not radiologists,more accurately identified tumor location and spatial relationships with adjacent liver and portal veins using 3D models.Subjectively,most surgeons and students preferred 3D printed models over virtual models and 2D CT images.Conclusions:This study demonstrated that standardized,non-colored 3D virtual and printed models equally help preoperative anatomical understanding and decision-making,particularly for surgeons and students.By isolating the influence of display modality,our findings clarify prior inconsistent results and support the integration of cost-effective 3D visualization by applying virtual models into surgical planning and education.Preference for printed models despite comparable efficacy highlights the importance of user-centered implementation strategies.展开更多
Rockfall hazards pose significant risks to both cultural heritage and populated areas,necessitating comprehensive assessment methodologies.Despite extensive research on rockfalls,only a small number of studies have di...Rockfall hazards pose significant risks to both cultural heritage and populated areas,necessitating comprehensive assessment methodologies.Despite extensive research on rockfalls,only a small number of studies have directly compared empirical methods with modelling approaches.This study investigated rockfalls in five settlements within the Cappadocia region of Türkiye,employing both empirical methods and advanced three-dimensional(3D)probabilistic modeling.The energy line angle approach was applied to identify rockfall propagation zones,while high-resolution digital surface models derived from unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)imagery facilitated detailed 3D rockfall simulations.Cappadocia’s unique geological setting—comprising alternating layers of ignimbrites and weaker fluviolacustrine deposits—renders it highly susceptible to rockfalls intensified by wetting-drying and freeze-thaw cycles.Results indicate that rockfall propagation characteristics vary markedly between settlements:Göre and Tatlarin exhibit shorter runout distances due to basalt-dominated slopes,whereas Akköy,SoğanlıandŞahinefendi display longer trajectories associated with welded ignimbrites.Empirical cone propagation analyses correspond broadly with field observations,but variations in energy line angles(23°-33°)highlight the necessity for site-specific calibration.Comparative evaluations demonstrate that 3D probabilistic modeling better captures local-scale block dynamics and identifies high-risk areas affected by topographic and structural features such as rockfall ditches.These findings emphasize the importance of integrating empirical and 3D approaches to improve hazard zoning,optimize mitigation structures and guide the protection of Cappadocia’s unique cultural heritage landscape.展开更多
The intracontinental subduction of a>200-km-long section of the Tajik-Tarim lithosphere beneath the Pamir Mountains is proposed to explain nearly 30 km of shortening in the Tajik fold-thrust belt and the Pamir upli...The intracontinental subduction of a>200-km-long section of the Tajik-Tarim lithosphere beneath the Pamir Mountains is proposed to explain nearly 30 km of shortening in the Tajik fold-thrust belt and the Pamir uplift.Seismic imaging revealed that the upper slab was scraped and that the lower slab had subducted to a depth of>150 km.These features constitute the tectonic complexity of the Pamirs,as well as the thermal subduction mechanism involved,which remains poorly understood.Hence,in this study,high-resolution three-dimensional(3D)kinematic modeling is applied to investigate the thermal structure and geometry of the subducting slab beneath the Pamirs.The modeled slab configuration reveals distinct along-strike variations,with a steeply dipping slab beneath the southern Pamirs,a more gently inclined slab beneath the northern Pamirs,and apparent upper slab termination at shallow depths beneath the Pamirs.The thermal field reveals a cold slab core after delamination,with temperatures ranging from 400℃to 800℃,enveloped by a hotter mantle reaching~1400℃.The occurrence of intermediate-depth earthquakes aligns primarily with colder slab regions,particularly near the slab tear-off below the southwestern Pamirs,indicating a strong correlation between slab temperature and seismicity.In contrast,the northern Pamirs exhibit reduced seismicity at depth,which is likely associated with thermal weakening and delamination.The central Pamirs show a significant thermal anomaly caused by a concave slab,where the coldest crust does not descend deeply,further suggesting crustal detachment or mechanical failure.The lateral asymmetry in slab temperature possibly explains the mechanism of lateral tearing and differential slab-mantle coupling.展开更多
Automation and intelligence have become the primary trends in the design of investment casting processes.However,the design of gating and riser systems still lacks precise quantitative evaluation criteria.Numerical si...Automation and intelligence have become the primary trends in the design of investment casting processes.However,the design of gating and riser systems still lacks precise quantitative evaluation criteria.Numerical simulation plays a significant role in quantitatively evaluating current processes and making targeted improvements,but its limitations lie in the inability to dynamically reflect the formation outcomes of castings under varying process conditions,making real-time adjustments to gating and riser designs challenging.In this study,an automated design model for gating and riser systems based on integrated parametric 3D modeling-simulation framework is proposed,which enhances the flexibility and usability of evaluating the casting process by simulation.Firstly,geometric feature extraction technology is employed to obtain the geometric information of the target casting.Based on this information,an automated design framework for gating and riser systems is established,incorporating multiple structural parameters for real-time process control.Subsequently,the simulation results for various structural parameters are analyzed,and the influence of these parameters on casting formation is thoroughly investigated.Finally,the optimal design scheme is generated and validated through experimental verification.Simulation analysis and experimental results show that using a larger gate neck(24 mm in side length) and external risers promotes a more uniform temperature distribution and a more stable flow state,effectively eliminating shrinkage cavities and enhancing process yield by 15%.展开更多
Currently,there are a limited number of dynamic models available for braided composite plates with large overall motions,despite the incorporation of three-dimensional(3D)braided composites into rotating blade compone...Currently,there are a limited number of dynamic models available for braided composite plates with large overall motions,despite the incorporation of three-dimensional(3D)braided composites into rotating blade components.In this paper,a dynamic model of 3D 4-directional braided composite thin plates considering braiding directions is established.Based on Kirchhoff's plate assumptions,the displacement variables of the plate are expressed.By incorporating the braiding directions into the constitutive equation of the braided composites,the dynamic model of the plate considering braiding directions is obtained.The effects of the speeds,braiding directions,and braided angles on the responses of the plate with fixed-axis rotation and translational motion,respectively,are investigated.This paper presents a dynamic theory for calculating the deformation of 3D braided composite structures undergoing both translational and rotational motions.It also provides a simulation method for investigating the dynamic behavior of non-isotropic material plates in various applications.展开更多
A numerical investigation on the effectiveness of the actuator disc method in producing the interactions of multiple tidal stream devices via the 3D-RANS finite element model Telemac3D is explored. The methodology for...A numerical investigation on the effectiveness of the actuator disc method in producing the interactions of multiple tidal stream devices via the 3D-RANS finite element model Telemac3D is explored. The methodology for the implementation of the source term to represent an array of 20 m rotor diameter turbines deployed in an idealized channel is reviewed and discussed in detail. Flow interactions between multiple turbines are investigated for a single row arrangement with only two turbines and a two row arrangement containing three turbines. The results demonstrate that the non-hydrostatic solver shows better agreement when validated against published experimental data. Notably,the mesh density at the device location can strongly influence the simulated thrust from the disc. Although the actuator disc model can generally replicate the wake interactions well, the results indicate that it cannot accurately characterize the flow for regions with high turbulences. While a model setup with the largest lateral spacing(1.5D) demonstrates excellent agreement with the experimental data, the 0.5D model(smallest gap) deviates by up to 25%. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the applied source term in reproducing the wake profile, which is comparable with the published data, and highlight the inherent nature of the RANS and actuator disc models.展开更多
Typically,seat or floor acceleration is used to evaluate the ride comfort of a high-speed train.However,the dynamic performance of the human body significantly differs from that of the floor.Therefore,using the car bo...Typically,seat or floor acceleration is used to evaluate the ride comfort of a high-speed train.However,the dynamic performance of the human body significantly differs from that of the floor.Therefore,using the car body floor and seat accelerations to calculate the ride comfort index of a high-speed train may not reflect the true feelings of passengers.In this study,a 3D human-seat-vehicle-track coupling model was established to investigate the ride comfort of highspeed train passengers.The seated human model,which considers the longitudinal,lateral,vertical,pitching,yawing,and rolling motions,comprises the head,upper torso,lower torso,pelvis,thighs,and shanks.The model parameters were determined using multi-axis excitation measurement data based on a genetic algorithm.Subsequently,the applicability of the small-angle assumption and natural modes of the human model is analyzed.Using the coupling system model,the vibration characteristics of the human-seat interaction surface were analyzed.The ride comfort of the high-speed train and human body dynamic performance were analyzed under normal conditions,track geometric irregularities and train meeting conditions.The results showed that the passenger seats in the front and rear rows adjacent to the window had a higher acceleration value than the others.The human backrest and seat pad connection points have higher vibration amplitudes than the car body floor in the human-sensitive frequency range,indicating that using the acceleration values on the floor may underestimate the discomfort of passengers.The ride comfort of high-speed trains diminishes in the presence of track geometric irregularities and when trains pass each other.When the excitation frequency of track geometry irregularities approached the natural frequency of the human-seat-vehicle system,ride comfort in high-speed trains decreased significantly.Moreover,using seat acceleration to evaluate passenger ride comfort overlooks the vibration characteristics of the human body.The transient aerodynamic force generated when the train meets can cause a larger car body roll and lateral motion at 2 Hz,which,in turn,decreases the passenger ride comfort.This study presents a detailed human-seat-vehicle-track coupling system that can reflect a passenger’s dynamic performance under complex operating conditions.展开更多
To speed up three-dimensional （3D） DC resistivity modeling, we present a new multigrid method, the aggregation-based algebraic multigrid method （AGMG）. We first discretize the differential equation of the secondar...To speed up three-dimensional （3D） DC resistivity modeling, we present a new multigrid method, the aggregation-based algebraic multigrid method （AGMG）. We first discretize the differential equation of the secondary potential field with mixed boundary conditions by using a seven-point finite-difference method to obtain a large sparse system of linear equations. Then, we introduce the theory behind the pairwise aggregation algorithms for AGMG and use the conjugate-gradient method with the V-cycle AGMG preconditioner （AGMG-CG） to solve the linear equations. We use typical geoelectrical models to test the proposed AGMG-CG method and compare the results with analytical solutions and the 3DDCXH algorithm for 3D DC modeling （3DDCXH）. In addition, we apply the AGMG-CG method to different grid sizes and geoelectrical models and compare it to different iterative methods, such as ILU-BICGSTAB, ILU-GCR, and SSOR-CG. The AGMG-CG method yields nearly linearly decreasing errors, whereas the number of iterations increases slowly with increasing grid size. The AGMG-CG method is precise and converges fast, and thus can improve the computational efficiency in forward modeling of three-dimensional DC resistivity.展开更多
Three-dimensional modeling of virtual hoisting machinery is the critical works to structure the system of virtual construction, and the foundation to realize intelligent and interactive virtual hoisting. Aimed at enha...Three-dimensional modeling of virtual hoisting machinery is the critical works to structure the system of virtual construction, and the foundation to realize intelligent and interactive virtual hoisting. Aimed at enhancing the requests of image quality and stability of the virtual construction scene, taking a tower crane for example. We studied the technology of three-dimensional modeling and optimization of a virtual tower crane, and a method named two-stage model optimization was put forward. This depended on the modeling stage using Solidworks and 3DS Max and the performance optimization stage in EON. The practice of software development indicates that the proposed methods of three-dimensional modeling and optimization could satisfy the performance request of virtual construction system and be popularized to other virtual system.展开更多
Generally, FD coefficients can be obtained by using Taylor series expansion （TE） or optimization methods to minimize the dispersion error. However, the TE-based FD method only achieves high modeling precision over a...Generally, FD coefficients can be obtained by using Taylor series expansion （TE） or optimization methods to minimize the dispersion error. However, the TE-based FD method only achieves high modeling precision over a limited range of wavenumbers, and produces large numerical dispersion beyond this range. The optimal FD scheme based on least squares （LS） can guarantee high precision over a larger range of wavenumbers and obtain the best optimization solution at small computational cost. We extend the LS-based optimal FD scheme from two-dimensional （2D） forward modeling to three-dimensional （3D） and develop a 3D acoustic optimal FD method with high efficiency, wide range of high accuracy and adaptability to parallel computing. Dispersion analysis and forward modeling demonstrate that the developed FD method suppresses numerical dispersion. Finally, we use the developed FD method to source wavefield extrapolation and receiver wavefield extrapolation in 3D RTM. To decrease the computation time and storage requirements, the 3D RTM is implemented by combining the efficient boundary storage with checkpointing strategies on GPU. 3D RTM imaging results suggest that the 3D optimal FD method has higher precision than conventional methods.展开更多
Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectrum analysis show that the clusters of intermetallic AlFeSi particle are distributed on or near the aluminum foil stock surfaces heterogeneously. 3D finite...Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectrum analysis show that the clusters of intermetallic AlFeSi particle are distributed on or near the aluminum foil stock surfaces heterogeneously. 3D finite element modeling shows that these clusters of hard particles induce the fracture of the nano-scale lubricant oil film at first and further lead to severe deformation in the nearby aluminum foil substrate along the rolling direction. Consequently, the optical property in this region differs from that in the surroundings, resulting in surface defects.展开更多
Using a dynamic laser monitoring technique,the solubility of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one(NTO)was investigated in two different binary systems,namely hydroxylamine nitrate(HAN)-water and boric acid(HB)-water ranging f...Using a dynamic laser monitoring technique,the solubility of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one(NTO)was investigated in two different binary systems,namely hydroxylamine nitrate(HAN)-water and boric acid(HB)-water ranging from 278.15 K to 318.15 K.The solubility in each system was found to be positively correlated with temperature.Furthermore,solubility data were analyzed using four equations:the modified Apelblat equation,Van’t Hoff equation,λh equation and CNIBS/R-K equations,and they provided satisfactory results for both two systems.The average root-mean-square deviation(105RMSD)values for these models were less than 13.93.Calculations utilizing the Van’t Hoff equation and Gibbs equations facilitated the derivation of apparent thermodynamic properties of NTO dissolution in the two systems,including values for Gibbs free energy,enthalpy and entropy.The%ζ_(H)is larger than%ζ_(TS),and all the%ζ_(H)data are≥58.63%,indicating that the enthalpy make a greater contribution than entropy to theΔG_(soln)^(Θ).展开更多
With the increasing demand for understanding skin physiology and advancing regenerative medicine,in vitro three-dimensional(3D)functional skin tissue models have become vital tools in dermatological research.These mod...With the increasing demand for understanding skin physiology and advancing regenerative medicine,in vitro three-dimensional(3D)functional skin tissue models have become vital tools in dermatological research.These models effectively mimic the complex structure and functions of human skin.This review comprehensively discusses the latest advancements in construction techniques,material selection,and applications of 3D skin models.It highlights the advantages and challenges associated with cutting-edge technologies such as layer-by-layer cell coating,3D bioprinting,bio-spray technology,and photolithographic microfabrication in creating highly realistic skin models.Moreover,it examines the wide-ranging applications of 3D skin models,includingelucidation of skin disease mechanisms,investigation of skin barrier functions,studies on skin aging and repair,hair regeneration,efficacy screening of therapeutic agents,cosmetic safety assessment,and personalized medicine.Finally,this review anticipates future trends in developing 3D skin models with greater structural and functional complexity,enhanced multifunctionality,and improved clinical translation.展开更多
Traumatic brain injury causes permanent cell death and can lead to long-term cognitive dysfunction,with no available treatments to repair the damaged brain tissue.Methods to track and understand traumatic brain injury...Traumatic brain injury causes permanent cell death and can lead to long-term cognitive dysfunction,with no available treatments to repair the damaged brain tissue.Methods to track and understand traumatic brain injury in humans are severely limited by the inaccessibility of living brain tissue,creating a need for in vitro model systems to study cellular mechanisms of degeneration and regeneration following injury.Here we describe methods to establish a 3D human brain tissue model,consisting of a silk-collagen composite scaffold seeded with human neurons,astrocytes,and microglia,to study neuro-regeneration after traumatic brain injury.Step-by-step fabrication,injury,and analytical assessments of the 3D“triculture”system are described.Using this tissue model system,we demonstrate that glial cells promote regeneration of neuronal networks within the injury site over several weeks post-injury.Further,we found that regenerating networks in the 3D triculture tissues did not secrete early markers of neurodegenerative disease,but displayed signs of excitatory/inhibitory imbalance,suggesting that pro-regenerative treatments for traumatic brain injury in the future may need to direct cell differentiation to promote proper function.The mechanical stability of this model system enables physiologically relevant impact injury and long-term culture capability,while its modular design enables modification of cell contents,extracellular matrix composition,and scaffold properties.This adaptability could allow the integration of patient-derived cells and genetic modifications to bridge research and clinical applications focused on personalized targeted therapies.This in vitro system provides a valuable platform for accelerating therapeutic advancements in traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders,ultimately improving patient outcomes.展开更多
We present a novel nonlinear state transition model for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors(IP_(3)Rs)that incorporates a pre-activated state,as suggested by electron microscopy observations.Our model provides a the...We present a novel nonlinear state transition model for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors(IP_(3)Rs)that incorporates a pre-activated state,as suggested by electron microscopy observations.Our model provides a theoretical framework for the biphasic Ca^(2+)dependence of IP_(3)Rs and accurately reproduces their experimentally observed state distribution under saturating IP_(3) conditions.By integrating receptor dynamics with cytoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum(ER)calcium exchange,we simulate IP_(3)R-mediated Ca^(2+)oscillations governed by six key conformational states.A pivotal finding is that IP_(3)regulates these oscillations in a switch-like manner:once a critical IP_(3) concentration is reached,the system abruptly transitions to sustained,constant-amplitude oscillations that quickly terminate when the concentration exceeds a secondary threshold.These results underscore the crucial role of the pre-activated state in modulating calcium signaling.展开更多
Background:Therapeutic responses of breast cancer vary among patients and lead to drug resistance and recurrence due to the heterogeneity.Current preclinical models,however,are inadequate for predicting individual pat...Background:Therapeutic responses of breast cancer vary among patients and lead to drug resistance and recurrence due to the heterogeneity.Current preclinical models,however,are inadequate for predicting individual patient responses towards different drugs.This study aimed to investigate the patient-derived breast cancer culture models for drug sensitivity evaluations.Methods:Tumor and adjacent tissues from female breast cancer patients were collected during surgery.Patient-derived breast cancer cells were cultured using the conditional reprogramming technique to establish 2D models.The obtained patient-derived conditional reprogramming breast cancer(CRBC)cells were subsequently embedded in alginate-gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel microspheres to form 3D culture models.Comparisons between 2D and 3D models were made using immunohistochemistry(tumor markers),MTS assays(cell viability),flow cytometry(apoptosis),transwell assays(migration),and Western blotting(protein expression).Drug sensitivity tests were conducted to evaluate patient-specific responses to anti-cancer agents.Results:2D and 3D culture models were successfully established using samples from eight patients.The 3D models retained histological and marker characteristics of the original tumors.Compared to 2D cultures,3D models exhibited increased apoptosis,enhanced drug resistance,elevated stem cell marker expression,and greater migration ability—features more reflective of in vivo tumor behavior.Conclusion:Patient-derived 3D CRBC models effectively mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment and demonstrate stronger resistance to anti-cancer drugs than 2D models.These hydrogel-based models offer a cost-effective and clinically relevant platform for drug screening and personalized breast cancer treatment.展开更多
Existing methods for tracing water pollution sources typically integrate three-dimensional excitationemission matrix(3D-EEM)fluorescence spectroscopy with similarity-based matching algorithms.However,these approaches ...Existing methods for tracing water pollution sources typically integrate three-dimensional excitationemission matrix(3D-EEM)fluorescence spectroscopy with similarity-based matching algorithms.However,these approaches exhibit high error rates in borderline cases and necessitate expert manual review,which limits scalability and introduces inconsistencies between algorithmic outputs and expert judgment.To address these limitations,we propose a large vision-language model(VLM)designed as an“expert agent”to automatically refine similarity scores,ensuring alignment with expert decisions and overcoming key application bottlenecks.The model consists of two core components:(1)rule-based similarity calculation module generate initial spectral similarity scores,and(2)pre-trained large vision-language model fine-tuned via supervised learning and reinforcement learning with human feedback(RLHF)to emulate expert assessments.To facilitate training and evaluation,we introduce two expert-annotated datasets,Spec1k and SpecReason,which capture both quantitative corrections and qualitative reasoning patterns,allowing the model to emulate expert decision-making processes.Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves 81.45%source attribution accuracy,38.24%higher than rule-based and machine learning baselines.Real-world deployment further validates its effectiveness.展开更多
Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a highly lethal malignancy driven by both intrinsic oncogenic pathways and immune microenvironmental regulation.Emerging evidence suggests that DNASE1L3 may influence tumor b...Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a highly lethal malignancy driven by both intrinsic oncogenic pathways and immune microenvironmental regulation.Emerging evidence suggests that DNASE1L3 may influence tumor biology and immune responses;however,its specific roles in HCC progression and macrophage-mediated regulation remain unclear.This study aimed to elucidate the biological functions of DNASE1L3 in HCC and to determine how it modulates tumor behavior and immune interactions.Methods:Bioinformatics analyses of the GSE41804 and Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma(TCGA-LIHC)datasets were used to identify hub genes.Functional assays assessed the impact of DNASE1L3 on HCC cell proliferation,migration,invasion,and cell cycle progression.The effects of DNASE1L3 on macrophage polarization and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were examined using a co-culture system.An HCC organoid model was established to further validate its regulatory function.Results:Eight prognostic signature genes were identified,with deoxyribonuclease I-like 3(DNase I-like 3)selected as the hub gene.DNASE1L3 overexpression suppressed HCC cell growth,inhibited migration and invasion,induced G1 arrest,and modulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)markers.DNASE1L3 knockdown promoted M2-like macrophage polarization.Mechanistically,DNASE1L3 interacted withβ-catenin to enhance its ubiquitination and degradation,thereby inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling and reducing PD-L1 expression.DNASE1L3 overexpression similarly restricted organoid growth and suppressed pathway activity.Conclusion:DNASE1L3 acts as a negative regulator of HCC progression by targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and reducing PD-L1 expression,thereby influencing both tumor cell behavior and macrophage-mediated immune responses.展开更多
The spatial distribution of discontinuities and the size of rock blocks are the key indicators for rock mass quality evaluation and rockfall risk assessment.Traditional manual measurement is often dangerous or unreach...The spatial distribution of discontinuities and the size of rock blocks are the key indicators for rock mass quality evaluation and rockfall risk assessment.Traditional manual measurement is often dangerous or unreachable at some high-steep rock slopes.In contrast,unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)photogrammetry is not limited by terrain conditions,and can efficiently collect high-precision three-dimensional(3D)point clouds of rock masses through all-round and multiangle photography for rock mass characterization.In this paper,a new method based on a 3D point cloud is proposed for discontinuity identification and refined rock block modeling.The method is based on four steps:(1)Establish a point cloud spatial topology,and calculate the point cloud normal vector and average point spacing based on several machine learning algorithms;(2)Extract discontinuities using the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise(DBSCAN)algorithm and fit the discontinuity plane by combining principal component analysis(PCA)with the natural breaks(NB)method;(3)Propose a method of inserting points in the line segment to generate an embedded discontinuity point cloud;and(4)Adopt a Poisson reconstruction method for refined rock block modeling.The proposed method was applied to an outcrop of an ultrahigh steep rock slope and compared with the results of previous studies and manual surveys.The results show that the method can eliminate the influence of discontinuity undulations on the orientation measurement and describe the local concave-convex characteristics on the modeling of rock blocks.The calculation results are accurate and reliable,which can meet the practical requirements of engineering.展开更多
This research pioneers the integration of geographic information systems(GIS)and 3D modeling within a virtual reality(VR)framework to assess the viability and planning of a 20 MW hybrid wind-solarphotovoltaic(PV)syste...This research pioneers the integration of geographic information systems(GIS)and 3D modeling within a virtual reality(VR)framework to assess the viability and planning of a 20 MW hybrid wind-solarphotovoltaic(PV)system connected to the local grid.The study focuses on Dakhla,Morocco,a region with vast untapped renewable energy potential.By leveraging GIS,we are innovatively analyzing geographical and environmental factors that influence optimal site selection and system design.The incorporation of VR technologies offers an unprecedented level of realism and immersion,allowing stakeholders to virtually experience the project's impact and design in a dynamic,interactive environment.This novel methodology includes extensive data collection,advanced modeling,and simulations,ensuring that the hybrid system is precisely tailored to the unique climatic and environmental conditions of Dakhla.Our analysis reveals that the region possesses a photovoltaic solar potential of approximately2400 k Wh/m^(2) per year,with an average annual wind power density of about 434 W/m^(2) at an 80-meter hub height.Productivity simulations indicate that the 20 MW hybrid system could generate approximately 60 GWh of energy per year and 1369 GWh over its 25-year lifespan.To validate these findings,we employed the System Advisor Model(SAM)software and the Global Solar Photovoltaic Atlas platform.This comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach not only provides a robust assessment of the system's feasibility but also offers valuable insights into its potential socio-economic and environmental impact.展开更多
文摘Background:Successful liver resection in oncologic surgery depends on safety,precision,and efficacy,all of which require a thorough understanding of liver anatomy.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)-generated three-dimensional(3D)models have been proposed as a valuable tool to enhance this understanding.However,a systematic comparison of different display modalities across professional groups has not yet been performed.Methods:In this prospective,monocentric randomized trial,we compared high-resolution twodimensional(2D)CT images of liver malignancies with their corresponding standardized,non-colored 3D virtual and printed models in facilitating anatomical and spatial understanding as well as surgical decision-making.A total of 91 participants,including 40 surgeons,10 radiologists,and 41 students,evaluated six clinical cases(three centrally and three peripherally located liver malignancies).Each participant assessed one central and one peripheral case per display modality,presented in a random order.Results:Compared to 2D CT images,both 3D virtual and printed models significantly improved the identification of tumor location(P<0.001),enhanced the comprehension of spatial relationships with adjacent liver and portal veins(P<0.001 and P=0.019,respectively),and facilitated clinical decisionmaking(P<0.001).No significant difference was observed between virtual and printed models in terms of effectiveness.Within the different groups,surgeons and students,but not radiologists,more accurately identified tumor location and spatial relationships with adjacent liver and portal veins using 3D models.Subjectively,most surgeons and students preferred 3D printed models over virtual models and 2D CT images.Conclusions:This study demonstrated that standardized,non-colored 3D virtual and printed models equally help preoperative anatomical understanding and decision-making,particularly for surgeons and students.By isolating the influence of display modality,our findings clarify prior inconsistent results and support the integration of cost-effective 3D visualization by applying virtual models into surgical planning and education.Preference for printed models despite comparable efficacy highlights the importance of user-centered implementation strategies.
基金financially supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye(T??B1TAK)with the project number 121C420。
文摘Rockfall hazards pose significant risks to both cultural heritage and populated areas,necessitating comprehensive assessment methodologies.Despite extensive research on rockfalls,only a small number of studies have directly compared empirical methods with modelling approaches.This study investigated rockfalls in five settlements within the Cappadocia region of Türkiye,employing both empirical methods and advanced three-dimensional(3D)probabilistic modeling.The energy line angle approach was applied to identify rockfall propagation zones,while high-resolution digital surface models derived from unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)imagery facilitated detailed 3D rockfall simulations.Cappadocia’s unique geological setting—comprising alternating layers of ignimbrites and weaker fluviolacustrine deposits—renders it highly susceptible to rockfalls intensified by wetting-drying and freeze-thaw cycles.Results indicate that rockfall propagation characteristics vary markedly between settlements:Göre and Tatlarin exhibit shorter runout distances due to basalt-dominated slopes,whereas Akköy,SoğanlıandŞahinefendi display longer trajectories associated with welded ignimbrites.Empirical cone propagation analyses correspond broadly with field observations,but variations in energy line angles(23°-33°)highlight the necessity for site-specific calibration.Comparative evaluations demonstrate that 3D probabilistic modeling better captures local-scale block dynamics and identifies high-risk areas affected by topographic and structural features such as rockfall ditches.These findings emphasize the importance of integrating empirical and 3D approaches to improve hazard zoning,optimize mitigation structures and guide the protection of Cappadocia’s unique cultural heritage landscape.
基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences Pioneer Hundred Talents Program and the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(Grant No.2019QZKK0708)supported by a MEXT(Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology)KAKENHI(Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research)grant(Grant No.21H05203)Kobe University Strategic International Collaborative Research Grant(Type B Fostering Joint Research).
文摘The intracontinental subduction of a>200-km-long section of the Tajik-Tarim lithosphere beneath the Pamir Mountains is proposed to explain nearly 30 km of shortening in the Tajik fold-thrust belt and the Pamir uplift.Seismic imaging revealed that the upper slab was scraped and that the lower slab had subducted to a depth of>150 km.These features constitute the tectonic complexity of the Pamirs,as well as the thermal subduction mechanism involved,which remains poorly understood.Hence,in this study,high-resolution three-dimensional(3D)kinematic modeling is applied to investigate the thermal structure and geometry of the subducting slab beneath the Pamirs.The modeled slab configuration reveals distinct along-strike variations,with a steeply dipping slab beneath the southern Pamirs,a more gently inclined slab beneath the northern Pamirs,and apparent upper slab termination at shallow depths beneath the Pamirs.The thermal field reveals a cold slab core after delamination,with temperatures ranging from 400℃to 800℃,enveloped by a hotter mantle reaching~1400℃.The occurrence of intermediate-depth earthquakes aligns primarily with colder slab regions,particularly near the slab tear-off below the southwestern Pamirs,indicating a strong correlation between slab temperature and seismicity.In contrast,the northern Pamirs exhibit reduced seismicity at depth,which is likely associated with thermal weakening and delamination.The central Pamirs show a significant thermal anomaly caused by a concave slab,where the coldest crust does not descend deeply,further suggesting crustal detachment or mechanical failure.The lateral asymmetry in slab temperature possibly explains the mechanism of lateral tearing and differential slab-mantle coupling.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB3706802)。
文摘Automation and intelligence have become the primary trends in the design of investment casting processes.However,the design of gating and riser systems still lacks precise quantitative evaluation criteria.Numerical simulation plays a significant role in quantitatively evaluating current processes and making targeted improvements,but its limitations lie in the inability to dynamically reflect the formation outcomes of castings under varying process conditions,making real-time adjustments to gating and riser designs challenging.In this study,an automated design model for gating and riser systems based on integrated parametric 3D modeling-simulation framework is proposed,which enhances the flexibility and usability of evaluating the casting process by simulation.Firstly,geometric feature extraction technology is employed to obtain the geometric information of the target casting.Based on this information,an automated design framework for gating and riser systems is established,incorporating multiple structural parameters for real-time process control.Subsequently,the simulation results for various structural parameters are analyzed,and the influence of these parameters on casting formation is thoroughly investigated.Finally,the optimal design scheme is generated and validated through experimental verification.Simulation analysis and experimental results show that using a larger gate neck(24 mm in side length) and external risers promotes a more uniform temperature distribution and a more stable flow state,effectively eliminating shrinkage cavities and enhancing process yield by 15%.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12372071 and 12372070)the Aeronautical Science Fund of China(No.2022Z055052001)the Foundation of China Scholarship Council(No.202306830079)。
文摘Currently,there are a limited number of dynamic models available for braided composite plates with large overall motions,despite the incorporation of three-dimensional(3D)braided composites into rotating blade components.In this paper,a dynamic model of 3D 4-directional braided composite thin plates considering braiding directions is established.Based on Kirchhoff's plate assumptions,the displacement variables of the plate are expressed.By incorporating the braiding directions into the constitutive equation of the braided composites,the dynamic model of the plate considering braiding directions is obtained.The effects of the speeds,braiding directions,and braided angles on the responses of the plate with fixed-axis rotation and translational motion,respectively,are investigated.This paper presents a dynamic theory for calculating the deformation of 3D braided composite structures undergoing both translational and rotational motions.It also provides a simulation method for investigating the dynamic behavior of non-isotropic material plates in various applications.
文摘A numerical investigation on the effectiveness of the actuator disc method in producing the interactions of multiple tidal stream devices via the 3D-RANS finite element model Telemac3D is explored. The methodology for the implementation of the source term to represent an array of 20 m rotor diameter turbines deployed in an idealized channel is reviewed and discussed in detail. Flow interactions between multiple turbines are investigated for a single row arrangement with only two turbines and a two row arrangement containing three turbines. The results demonstrate that the non-hydrostatic solver shows better agreement when validated against published experimental data. Notably,the mesh density at the device location can strongly influence the simulated thrust from the disc. Although the actuator disc model can generally replicate the wake interactions well, the results indicate that it cannot accurately characterize the flow for regions with high turbulences. While a model setup with the largest lateral spacing(1.5D) demonstrates excellent agreement with the experimental data, the 0.5D model(smallest gap) deviates by up to 25%. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the applied source term in reproducing the wake profile, which is comparable with the published data, and highlight the inherent nature of the RANS and actuator disc models.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1934203)Research and Development Project of Science and Technology of China Railway Corporation(Grant No.P2023T002)。
文摘Typically,seat or floor acceleration is used to evaluate the ride comfort of a high-speed train.However,the dynamic performance of the human body significantly differs from that of the floor.Therefore,using the car body floor and seat accelerations to calculate the ride comfort index of a high-speed train may not reflect the true feelings of passengers.In this study,a 3D human-seat-vehicle-track coupling model was established to investigate the ride comfort of highspeed train passengers.The seated human model,which considers the longitudinal,lateral,vertical,pitching,yawing,and rolling motions,comprises the head,upper torso,lower torso,pelvis,thighs,and shanks.The model parameters were determined using multi-axis excitation measurement data based on a genetic algorithm.Subsequently,the applicability of the small-angle assumption and natural modes of the human model is analyzed.Using the coupling system model,the vibration characteristics of the human-seat interaction surface were analyzed.The ride comfort of the high-speed train and human body dynamic performance were analyzed under normal conditions,track geometric irregularities and train meeting conditions.The results showed that the passenger seats in the front and rear rows adjacent to the window had a higher acceleration value than the others.The human backrest and seat pad connection points have higher vibration amplitudes than the car body floor in the human-sensitive frequency range,indicating that using the acceleration values on the floor may underestimate the discomfort of passengers.The ride comfort of high-speed trains diminishes in the presence of track geometric irregularities and when trains pass each other.When the excitation frequency of track geometry irregularities approached the natural frequency of the human-seat-vehicle system,ride comfort in high-speed trains decreased significantly.Moreover,using seat acceleration to evaluate passenger ride comfort overlooks the vibration characteristics of the human body.The transient aerodynamic force generated when the train meets can cause a larger car body roll and lateral motion at 2 Hz,which,in turn,decreases the passenger ride comfort.This study presents a detailed human-seat-vehicle-track coupling system that can reflect a passenger’s dynamic performance under complex operating conditions.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41404057,41674077 and 411640034)the Nuclear Energy Development Project of China,and the‘555’Project of Gan Po Excellent People
文摘To speed up three-dimensional （3D） DC resistivity modeling, we present a new multigrid method, the aggregation-based algebraic multigrid method （AGMG）. We first discretize the differential equation of the secondary potential field with mixed boundary conditions by using a seven-point finite-difference method to obtain a large sparse system of linear equations. Then, we introduce the theory behind the pairwise aggregation algorithms for AGMG and use the conjugate-gradient method with the V-cycle AGMG preconditioner （AGMG-CG） to solve the linear equations. We use typical geoelectrical models to test the proposed AGMG-CG method and compare the results with analytical solutions and the 3DDCXH algorithm for 3D DC modeling （3DDCXH）. In addition, we apply the AGMG-CG method to different grid sizes and geoelectrical models and compare it to different iterative methods, such as ILU-BICGSTAB, ILU-GCR, and SSOR-CG. The AGMG-CG method yields nearly linearly decreasing errors, whereas the number of iterations increases slowly with increasing grid size. The AGMG-CG method is precise and converges fast, and thus can improve the computational efficiency in forward modeling of three-dimensional DC resistivity.
基金supported by Special Project of Scientific Research of Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government under Grant No.11JK0967
文摘Three-dimensional modeling of virtual hoisting machinery is the critical works to structure the system of virtual construction, and the foundation to realize intelligent and interactive virtual hoisting. Aimed at enhancing the requests of image quality and stability of the virtual construction scene, taking a tower crane for example. We studied the technology of three-dimensional modeling and optimization of a virtual tower crane, and a method named two-stage model optimization was put forward. This depended on the modeling stage using Solidworks and 3DS Max and the performance optimization stage in EON. The practice of software development indicates that the proposed methods of three-dimensional modeling and optimization could satisfy the performance request of virtual construction system and be popularized to other virtual system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41474110)Shell Ph.D. Scholarship to support excellence in geophysical research
文摘Generally, FD coefficients can be obtained by using Taylor series expansion （TE） or optimization methods to minimize the dispersion error. However, the TE-based FD method only achieves high modeling precision over a limited range of wavenumbers, and produces large numerical dispersion beyond this range. The optimal FD scheme based on least squares （LS） can guarantee high precision over a larger range of wavenumbers and obtain the best optimization solution at small computational cost. We extend the LS-based optimal FD scheme from two-dimensional （2D） forward modeling to three-dimensional （3D） and develop a 3D acoustic optimal FD method with high efficiency, wide range of high accuracy and adaptability to parallel computing. Dispersion analysis and forward modeling demonstrate that the developed FD method suppresses numerical dispersion. Finally, we use the developed FD method to source wavefield extrapolation and receiver wavefield extrapolation in 3D RTM. To decrease the computation time and storage requirements, the 3D RTM is implemented by combining the efficient boundary storage with checkpointing strategies on GPU. 3D RTM imaging results suggest that the 3D optimal FD method has higher precision than conventional methods.
基金Project(51074117)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2009CDA044)supported by the Foundation for Distinguished Young Scientists of Hubei Province,ChinaProjects(201104493,20100471161)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectrum analysis show that the clusters of intermetallic AlFeSi particle are distributed on or near the aluminum foil stock surfaces heterogeneously. 3D finite element modeling shows that these clusters of hard particles induce the fracture of the nano-scale lubricant oil film at first and further lead to severe deformation in the nearby aluminum foil substrate along the rolling direction. Consequently, the optical property in this region differs from that in the surroundings, resulting in surface defects.
文摘Using a dynamic laser monitoring technique,the solubility of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one(NTO)was investigated in two different binary systems,namely hydroxylamine nitrate(HAN)-water and boric acid(HB)-water ranging from 278.15 K to 318.15 K.The solubility in each system was found to be positively correlated with temperature.Furthermore,solubility data were analyzed using four equations:the modified Apelblat equation,Van’t Hoff equation,λh equation and CNIBS/R-K equations,and they provided satisfactory results for both two systems.The average root-mean-square deviation(105RMSD)values for these models were less than 13.93.Calculations utilizing the Van’t Hoff equation and Gibbs equations facilitated the derivation of apparent thermodynamic properties of NTO dissolution in the two systems,including values for Gibbs free energy,enthalpy and entropy.The%ζ_(H)is larger than%ζ_(TS),and all the%ζ_(H)data are≥58.63%,indicating that the enthalpy make a greater contribution than entropy to theΔG_(soln)^(Θ).
文摘With the increasing demand for understanding skin physiology and advancing regenerative medicine,in vitro three-dimensional(3D)functional skin tissue models have become vital tools in dermatological research.These models effectively mimic the complex structure and functions of human skin.This review comprehensively discusses the latest advancements in construction techniques,material selection,and applications of 3D skin models.It highlights the advantages and challenges associated with cutting-edge technologies such as layer-by-layer cell coating,3D bioprinting,bio-spray technology,and photolithographic microfabrication in creating highly realistic skin models.Moreover,it examines the wide-ranging applications of 3D skin models,includingelucidation of skin disease mechanisms,investigation of skin barrier functions,studies on skin aging and repair,hair regeneration,efficacy screening of therapeutic agents,cosmetic safety assessment,and personalized medicine.Finally,this review anticipates future trends in developing 3D skin models with greater structural and functional complexity,enhanced multifunctionality,and improved clinical translation.
基金supported by funding from the U.S.Department of Defense,Nos.W911NF-23-1-0276,W81XWH2211065the NIH,No.P41EB027062(all to DLK).
文摘Traumatic brain injury causes permanent cell death and can lead to long-term cognitive dysfunction,with no available treatments to repair the damaged brain tissue.Methods to track and understand traumatic brain injury in humans are severely limited by the inaccessibility of living brain tissue,creating a need for in vitro model systems to study cellular mechanisms of degeneration and regeneration following injury.Here we describe methods to establish a 3D human brain tissue model,consisting of a silk-collagen composite scaffold seeded with human neurons,astrocytes,and microglia,to study neuro-regeneration after traumatic brain injury.Step-by-step fabrication,injury,and analytical assessments of the 3D“triculture”system are described.Using this tissue model system,we demonstrate that glial cells promote regeneration of neuronal networks within the injury site over several weeks post-injury.Further,we found that regenerating networks in the 3D triculture tissues did not secrete early markers of neurodegenerative disease,but displayed signs of excitatory/inhibitory imbalance,suggesting that pro-regenerative treatments for traumatic brain injury in the future may need to direct cell differentiation to promote proper function.The mechanical stability of this model system enables physiologically relevant impact injury and long-term culture capability,while its modular design enables modification of cell contents,extracellular matrix composition,and scaffold properties.This adaptability could allow the integration of patient-derived cells and genetic modifications to bridge research and clinical applications focused on personalized targeted therapies.This in vitro system provides a valuable platform for accelerating therapeutic advancements in traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders,ultimately improving patient outcomes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12475080)。
文摘We present a novel nonlinear state transition model for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors(IP_(3)Rs)that incorporates a pre-activated state,as suggested by electron microscopy observations.Our model provides a theoretical framework for the biphasic Ca^(2+)dependence of IP_(3)Rs and accurately reproduces their experimentally observed state distribution under saturating IP_(3) conditions.By integrating receptor dynamics with cytoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum(ER)calcium exchange,we simulate IP_(3)R-mediated Ca^(2+)oscillations governed by six key conformational states.A pivotal finding is that IP_(3)regulates these oscillations in a switch-like manner:once a critical IP_(3) concentration is reached,the system abruptly transitions to sustained,constant-amplitude oscillations that quickly terminate when the concentration exceeds a secondary threshold.These results underscore the crucial role of the pre-activated state in modulating calcium signaling.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2021B1515120053)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2024A1515140166).
文摘Background:Therapeutic responses of breast cancer vary among patients and lead to drug resistance and recurrence due to the heterogeneity.Current preclinical models,however,are inadequate for predicting individual patient responses towards different drugs.This study aimed to investigate the patient-derived breast cancer culture models for drug sensitivity evaluations.Methods:Tumor and adjacent tissues from female breast cancer patients were collected during surgery.Patient-derived breast cancer cells were cultured using the conditional reprogramming technique to establish 2D models.The obtained patient-derived conditional reprogramming breast cancer(CRBC)cells were subsequently embedded in alginate-gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel microspheres to form 3D culture models.Comparisons between 2D and 3D models were made using immunohistochemistry(tumor markers),MTS assays(cell viability),flow cytometry(apoptosis),transwell assays(migration),and Western blotting(protein expression).Drug sensitivity tests were conducted to evaluate patient-specific responses to anti-cancer agents.Results:2D and 3D culture models were successfully established using samples from eight patients.The 3D models retained histological and marker characteristics of the original tumors.Compared to 2D cultures,3D models exhibited increased apoptosis,enhanced drug resistance,elevated stem cell marker expression,and greater migration ability—features more reflective of in vivo tumor behavior.Conclusion:Patient-derived 3D CRBC models effectively mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment and demonstrate stronger resistance to anti-cancer drugs than 2D models.These hydrogel-based models offer a cost-effective and clinically relevant platform for drug screening and personalized breast cancer treatment.
文摘Existing methods for tracing water pollution sources typically integrate three-dimensional excitationemission matrix(3D-EEM)fluorescence spectroscopy with similarity-based matching algorithms.However,these approaches exhibit high error rates in borderline cases and necessitate expert manual review,which limits scalability and introduces inconsistencies between algorithmic outputs and expert judgment.To address these limitations,we propose a large vision-language model(VLM)designed as an“expert agent”to automatically refine similarity scores,ensuring alignment with expert decisions and overcoming key application bottlenecks.The model consists of two core components:(1)rule-based similarity calculation module generate initial spectral similarity scores,and(2)pre-trained large vision-language model fine-tuned via supervised learning and reinforcement learning with human feedback(RLHF)to emulate expert assessments.To facilitate training and evaluation,we introduce two expert-annotated datasets,Spec1k and SpecReason,which capture both quantitative corrections and qualitative reasoning patterns,allowing the model to emulate expert decision-making processes.Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves 81.45%source attribution accuracy,38.24%higher than rule-based and machine learning baselines.Real-world deployment further validates its effectiveness.
基金funded by Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan Project(22140901100)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging(18DZ2260400)Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science Seed Fund(SSF-24-21-01).
文摘Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a highly lethal malignancy driven by both intrinsic oncogenic pathways and immune microenvironmental regulation.Emerging evidence suggests that DNASE1L3 may influence tumor biology and immune responses;however,its specific roles in HCC progression and macrophage-mediated regulation remain unclear.This study aimed to elucidate the biological functions of DNASE1L3 in HCC and to determine how it modulates tumor behavior and immune interactions.Methods:Bioinformatics analyses of the GSE41804 and Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma(TCGA-LIHC)datasets were used to identify hub genes.Functional assays assessed the impact of DNASE1L3 on HCC cell proliferation,migration,invasion,and cell cycle progression.The effects of DNASE1L3 on macrophage polarization and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were examined using a co-culture system.An HCC organoid model was established to further validate its regulatory function.Results:Eight prognostic signature genes were identified,with deoxyribonuclease I-like 3(DNase I-like 3)selected as the hub gene.DNASE1L3 overexpression suppressed HCC cell growth,inhibited migration and invasion,induced G1 arrest,and modulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)markers.DNASE1L3 knockdown promoted M2-like macrophage polarization.Mechanistically,DNASE1L3 interacted withβ-catenin to enhance its ubiquitination and degradation,thereby inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling and reducing PD-L1 expression.DNASE1L3 overexpression similarly restricted organoid growth and suppressed pathway activity.Conclusion:DNASE1L3 acts as a negative regulator of HCC progression by targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and reducing PD-L1 expression,thereby influencing both tumor cell behavior and macrophage-mediated immune responses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41941017 and 42177139)Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University(Grant No.2024CX099)。
文摘The spatial distribution of discontinuities and the size of rock blocks are the key indicators for rock mass quality evaluation and rockfall risk assessment.Traditional manual measurement is often dangerous or unreachable at some high-steep rock slopes.In contrast,unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)photogrammetry is not limited by terrain conditions,and can efficiently collect high-precision three-dimensional(3D)point clouds of rock masses through all-round and multiangle photography for rock mass characterization.In this paper,a new method based on a 3D point cloud is proposed for discontinuity identification and refined rock block modeling.The method is based on four steps:(1)Establish a point cloud spatial topology,and calculate the point cloud normal vector and average point spacing based on several machine learning algorithms;(2)Extract discontinuities using the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise(DBSCAN)algorithm and fit the discontinuity plane by combining principal component analysis(PCA)with the natural breaks(NB)method;(3)Propose a method of inserting points in the line segment to generate an embedded discontinuity point cloud;and(4)Adopt a Poisson reconstruction method for refined rock block modeling.The proposed method was applied to an outcrop of an ultrahigh steep rock slope and compared with the results of previous studies and manual surveys.The results show that the method can eliminate the influence of discontinuity undulations on the orientation measurement and describe the local concave-convex characteristics on the modeling of rock blocks.The calculation results are accurate and reliable,which can meet the practical requirements of engineering.
文摘This research pioneers the integration of geographic information systems(GIS)and 3D modeling within a virtual reality(VR)framework to assess the viability and planning of a 20 MW hybrid wind-solarphotovoltaic(PV)system connected to the local grid.The study focuses on Dakhla,Morocco,a region with vast untapped renewable energy potential.By leveraging GIS,we are innovatively analyzing geographical and environmental factors that influence optimal site selection and system design.The incorporation of VR technologies offers an unprecedented level of realism and immersion,allowing stakeholders to virtually experience the project's impact and design in a dynamic,interactive environment.This novel methodology includes extensive data collection,advanced modeling,and simulations,ensuring that the hybrid system is precisely tailored to the unique climatic and environmental conditions of Dakhla.Our analysis reveals that the region possesses a photovoltaic solar potential of approximately2400 k Wh/m^(2) per year,with an average annual wind power density of about 434 W/m^(2) at an 80-meter hub height.Productivity simulations indicate that the 20 MW hybrid system could generate approximately 60 GWh of energy per year and 1369 GWh over its 25-year lifespan.To validate these findings,we employed the System Advisor Model(SAM)software and the Global Solar Photovoltaic Atlas platform.This comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach not only provides a robust assessment of the system's feasibility but also offers valuable insights into its potential socio-economic and environmental impact.
