Our recent study reported that ATP1B3 inhibits hepatitis B virus(HBV)replication via inducing NF-κB activation.However,ATP1B3 mutants which were defective in NF-κB activation still maintained the moderate degree of ...Our recent study reported that ATP1B3 inhibits hepatitis B virus(HBV)replication via inducing NF-κB activation.However,ATP1B3 mutants which were defective in NF-κB activation still maintained the moderate degree of suppression on HBV replication,suggesting that another uncharacterized mechanism is also responsible for ATP1B3-mediated HBV suppression.Here,we demonstrated that ATP1B3 reduced the expression of HBV envelope proteins LHBs,MHBs and SHBs,but had no effect on intracellular HBV DNA,RNA levels as well as HBV promoter activities.Further investigation showed that proteasome inhibitor MG132 rescued ATP1B3-mediated envelope proteins degradation,demonstrating that proteasome-dependent pathway is involved in ATP1B3-induced degradation of envelope proteins.Co-IP showed that ATP1B3 interacts with LHBs and MHBs and induces LHBs and MHBs polyubiquitination.Immunofluorescence colocalization analysis confirmed LHBs and MHBs colocalized with ATP1B3 together.Our work provides important information for targeting ATP1B3 as a potential therapeutic molecule for HBV infection.展开更多
This paper proposes a new method to simplify mesh in 3D terrain. The 3D terrain is presented by digital elevation model. First, Laplace operator is introduced to calculate sharp degree of mesh point, which indicates t...This paper proposes a new method to simplify mesh in 3D terrain. The 3D terrain is presented by digital elevation model. First, Laplace operator is introduced to calculate sharp degree of mesh point, which indicates the variation trend of the terrain. Through setting a critical value of sharp degree, feature points are selected. Second, critical mesh points are extracted by an recursive process, and constitute the simplified mesh. Third, the algorithm of linear-square interpolation is employed to restore the characteris- tics of the terrain. Last, the terrain is rendered with color and texture. The experimental results demonstrate that this method can compress data by 16% and the error is lower than 10%.展开更多
Three- dimension (3-D) wind-driven currents in the Bohai Sea in both winter and summer are calculated by using a 3- D barotropic steady model, and the results are consistent with observed flow char -acteristics. Based...Three- dimension (3-D) wind-driven currents in the Bohai Sea in both winter and summer are calculated by using a 3- D barotropic steady model, and the results are consistent with observed flow char -acteristics. Based on the results, 3- D characteristics of flow, currents at different depths, compensated flow in the lower layer , long and narrow alongshore current, the area of upwelling and downwelling, main circulation in vertical profile, and the current in Bohai Strait are discussed.展开更多
The Hoek-Brown(HB)strength criterion has been applied widely in a large number of projects around the world.However,this criterion ignores the intermediate principal stress s2.Many evidences have demonstrated that the...The Hoek-Brown(HB)strength criterion has been applied widely in a large number of projects around the world.However,this criterion ignores the intermediate principal stress s2.Many evidences have demonstrated that the rock strength is dependent on s2.Thus it is necessary to extend the HB criterion into a three-dimensional(3D)form.In this study,the effect of s2 on the strength of rocks is identified by reviewing the true triaxial tests of various rock types reported in the literature.A simple 3D strength criterion is developed.The modified criterion is verified by the true triaxial tests of 13 rock types.The results indicate that the modified criterion can achieve a good fit to most of rock types.It can represent a series of criteria as b varies.For comparisons,several existing 3D versions of the HB criterion are selected to predict the strengths of these rock types.It is indicated that the proposed criterion works better than other criteria.A substantial relationship between parameter b and the unconfined compressive strength is established,which guarantees that the proposed criterion can still work well even in the absence of true triaxial test data.展开更多
This study presents the first step of a research project that aims at using a three-dimensional （3D） hybridfinite-discrete element method （FDEM） to investigate the development of an excavation damaged zone（EDZ） ...This study presents the first step of a research project that aims at using a three-dimensional （3D） hybridfinite-discrete element method （FDEM） to investigate the development of an excavation damaged zone（EDZ） around tunnels in a clay shale formation known as Opalinus Clay. The 3D FDEM was first calibratedagainst standard laboratory experiments, including Brazilian disc test and uniaxial compression test. Theeffect of increasing confining pressure on the mechanical response and fracture propagation of the rockwas quantified under triaxial compression tests. Polyaxial （or true triaxial） simulations highlighted theeffect of the intermediate principal stress （s2） on fracture directions in the model： as the intermediateprincipal stress increased, fractures tended to align in the direction parallel to the plane defined by themajor and intermediate principal stresses. The peak strength was also shown to vary with changing s2. 2014 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting byElsevier B.V. All rights reserved.展开更多
High-speed vehicle dynamic envelope curve is defined as the maximum limit outline affected by a variety of adverse factors while the train is running. Considering the difficulties in the current measurement system suc...High-speed vehicle dynamic envelope curve is defined as the maximum limit outline affected by a variety of adverse factors while the train is running. Considering the difficulties in the current measurement system such as complicated calibration process,cumbersome aided-instruments,strict limitation of working distance, this paper carries out an optical method in which two high-speed cameras with variable-zoom lenses are adopted as binocular stereo sensors of measurement system and a high-ac-curacy 3D target with fast reconstruction is designed. The intrinsic parameters of the sensors and the relative positions between coordinate systems are solved by the method of colinearity constrained optimization algorithm. The calibration process is easy to operate and the device is also of portability. Most importantly, the severe working distance limitation between sensors and measured body is solved, enhancing the adaptability of measurement system to environment. Experimental results show that when the sensors are in the range of 8 -16 m away from the measured body, system accuracy can reach up to ±0. 5 mm, which meets the requirements to measure the dynamic envelope curve of high-speed vehicle.展开更多
目的探讨含SUN(Sad,UNC-84)结构域的人睾丸蛋白SPAG4L(sperm-associated antigen 4 like)与具有KASH(Klarsicht,ANC-1 and Syne homology)结构域的核膜血影重复蛋白3(nuclear envelop spectrin repeat proteins 3,Nesprin-3)之间的相互...目的探讨含SUN(Sad,UNC-84)结构域的人睾丸蛋白SPAG4L(sperm-associated antigen 4 like)与具有KASH(Klarsicht,ANC-1 and Syne homology)结构域的核膜血影重复蛋白3(nuclear envelop spectrin repeat proteins 3,Nesprin-3)之间的相互作用。方法用生物信息学方法对SPAG4L蛋白进行分析,通过体外转染实验,观察SPAG4L的亚细胞定位;并用免疫荧光技术、免疫共沉淀和双分子荧光互补实验检测SPAG4L是否与KASH结构域蛋白Nesprin-3存在相互作用。结果生物信息学分析结果表明,SPAG4L蛋白具有跨膜结构;亚细胞定位结果发现,SPAG4L蛋白定位于核膜和胞浆;免疫荧光、免疫共沉淀和双分子荧光互补实验结果表明,SPAG4L蛋白与Nesprin-3蛋白质相互作用,形成LINC(linkers of the nucleoskeleton to the cytoskeleton)复合物。结论 SPAG4L与Nesprin-3能够相互作用,形成LINC复合物,对了解SPAG4L蛋白在精子发生中的作用具有重要的意义。展开更多
By virtue of the method of multiple-scale and the quasi-discreteness approach, we have discussed the nonlinear vibration equation of a 3D discrete monatomic lattice with its nearest-neighbours interaction. The 3D simp...By virtue of the method of multiple-scale and the quasi-discreteness approach, we have discussed the nonlinear vibration equation of a 3D discrete monatomic lattice with its nearest-neighbours interaction. The 3D simple cubic lattices have the same localized modes as a 1D discrete monatomic chain with cubic and quartic nonlinearity. The nonlinear vibration in the 3D simple cubic lattice has 3D distorted solitons and 3D envelop solitons in the direction of kx = ky = kz = k and k = ±π/6α0 in the Brillouin zone, as well as has 3D vortices in the direction of kx = ky = kz = k and k = ±π/α0 in the Brillouin zone.展开更多
The research work presented in this paper refers to a new slope stability analysis method used for landslide risk evaluations. It is an extension of the 3-dimensional upper-bound slope stability analysis method propos...The research work presented in this paper refers to a new slope stability analysis method used for landslide risk evaluations. It is an extension of the 3-dimensional upper-bound slope stability analysis method proposed by Chen et al. in 2001,which employs the Mohr-Coulomb's associative flow rule. It has been found that in a 3-dimensional area,a prism may not be able to move at friction angles to all its surrounding interfaces,as required by this associative rule,and convergence problems may occasionally arise. The new method establishes two velocity fields:(i) The plastic one that represents a non-associative and the best representative dilation behavior,and (ii) the virtual one that permits the solution for factor of safety in the work and energy balance equation. The new method can then allow any input value of dilation angle and thus solve the convergence problem. A practical application to a concrete dam foundation is illustrated.展开更多
Recently,Greenfeld and Tao(2024)disproved the conjecture that translational tilings of a single tile can always be periodic.In another paper(Greenfeld and Tao(2025)),they also showed that if the dimension n is part of...Recently,Greenfeld and Tao(2024)disproved the conjecture that translational tilings of a single tile can always be periodic.In another paper(Greenfeld and Tao(2025)),they also showed that if the dimension n is part of the input,the translational tiling for subsets of Z^(n) with one tile is undecidable.These two results are very strong pieces of evidence for the conjecture that translational tiling of Z^(n) with a monotile is undecidable for some fixed n.In this paper,we show that translational tiling of the 3-dimensional space with a set of 5 polycubes is undecidable.By introducing a technique that lifts a set of polycubes and its tiling from the 3-dimensional space to the 4-dimensional space,we manage to show that translational tiling of the 4-dimensional space with a set of 4 tiles is undecidable.This is a step towards the attempt to settle the conjecture of the undecidability of translational tiling of the n-dimensional space with a monotile for some fixed n.展开更多
基金This work was supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81672004 and 31270202)the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology(2018ZX10302104-001-010)+3 种基金Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province(20160101044JC and 20190101003JH)Health Commission of Jilin Province(2016J065)the Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology,Jilin Province(20102209)Norman Bethune Program of Jilin University(2015331)to Baisong Zheng.
文摘Our recent study reported that ATP1B3 inhibits hepatitis B virus(HBV)replication via inducing NF-κB activation.However,ATP1B3 mutants which were defective in NF-κB activation still maintained the moderate degree of suppression on HBV replication,suggesting that another uncharacterized mechanism is also responsible for ATP1B3-mediated HBV suppression.Here,we demonstrated that ATP1B3 reduced the expression of HBV envelope proteins LHBs,MHBs and SHBs,but had no effect on intracellular HBV DNA,RNA levels as well as HBV promoter activities.Further investigation showed that proteasome inhibitor MG132 rescued ATP1B3-mediated envelope proteins degradation,demonstrating that proteasome-dependent pathway is involved in ATP1B3-induced degradation of envelope proteins.Co-IP showed that ATP1B3 interacts with LHBs and MHBs and induces LHBs and MHBs polyubiquitination.Immunofluorescence colocalization analysis confirmed LHBs and MHBs colocalized with ATP1B3 together.Our work provides important information for targeting ATP1B3 as a potential therapeutic molecule for HBV infection.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61170005)
文摘This paper proposes a new method to simplify mesh in 3D terrain. The 3D terrain is presented by digital elevation model. First, Laplace operator is introduced to calculate sharp degree of mesh point, which indicates the variation trend of the terrain. Through setting a critical value of sharp degree, feature points are selected. Second, critical mesh points are extracted by an recursive process, and constitute the simplified mesh. Third, the algorithm of linear-square interpolation is employed to restore the characteris- tics of the terrain. Last, the terrain is rendered with color and texture. The experimental results demonstrate that this method can compress data by 16% and the error is lower than 10%.
基金Project supported by the National Natural science Foundation of China
文摘Three- dimension (3-D) wind-driven currents in the Bohai Sea in both winter and summer are calculated by using a 3- D barotropic steady model, and the results are consistent with observed flow char -acteristics. Based on the results, 3- D characteristics of flow, currents at different depths, compensated flow in the lower layer , long and narrow alongshore current, the area of upwelling and downwelling, main circulation in vertical profile, and the current in Bohai Strait are discussed.
基金This work was supported by the Key Research and Development Programof Shaanxi,China(Grant Nos.2019SF-231and 2020SF-394)the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41630639).
文摘The Hoek-Brown(HB)strength criterion has been applied widely in a large number of projects around the world.However,this criterion ignores the intermediate principal stress s2.Many evidences have demonstrated that the rock strength is dependent on s2.Thus it is necessary to extend the HB criterion into a three-dimensional(3D)form.In this study,the effect of s2 on the strength of rocks is identified by reviewing the true triaxial tests of various rock types reported in the literature.A simple 3D strength criterion is developed.The modified criterion is verified by the true triaxial tests of 13 rock types.The results indicate that the modified criterion can achieve a good fit to most of rock types.It can represent a series of criteria as b varies.For comparisons,several existing 3D versions of the HB criterion are selected to predict the strengths of these rock types.It is indicated that the proposed criterion works better than other criteria.A substantial relationship between parameter b and the unconfined compressive strength is established,which guarantees that the proposed criterion can still work well even in the absence of true triaxial test data.
文摘This study presents the first step of a research project that aims at using a three-dimensional （3D） hybridfinite-discrete element method （FDEM） to investigate the development of an excavation damaged zone（EDZ） around tunnels in a clay shale formation known as Opalinus Clay. The 3D FDEM was first calibratedagainst standard laboratory experiments, including Brazilian disc test and uniaxial compression test. Theeffect of increasing confining pressure on the mechanical response and fracture propagation of the rockwas quantified under triaxial compression tests. Polyaxial （or true triaxial） simulations highlighted theeffect of the intermediate principal stress （s2） on fracture directions in the model： as the intermediateprincipal stress increased, fractures tended to align in the direction parallel to the plane defined by themajor and intermediate principal stresses. The peak strength was also shown to vary with changing s2. 2014 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting byElsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
基金National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2016ZX04003001)
文摘High-speed vehicle dynamic envelope curve is defined as the maximum limit outline affected by a variety of adverse factors while the train is running. Considering the difficulties in the current measurement system such as complicated calibration process,cumbersome aided-instruments,strict limitation of working distance, this paper carries out an optical method in which two high-speed cameras with variable-zoom lenses are adopted as binocular stereo sensors of measurement system and a high-ac-curacy 3D target with fast reconstruction is designed. The intrinsic parameters of the sensors and the relative positions between coordinate systems are solved by the method of colinearity constrained optimization algorithm. The calibration process is easy to operate and the device is also of portability. Most importantly, the severe working distance limitation between sensors and measured body is solved, enhancing the adaptability of measurement system to environment. Experimental results show that when the sensors are in the range of 8 -16 m away from the measured body, system accuracy can reach up to ±0. 5 mm, which meets the requirements to measure the dynamic envelope curve of high-speed vehicle.
文摘目的探讨含SUN(Sad,UNC-84)结构域的人睾丸蛋白SPAG4L(sperm-associated antigen 4 like)与具有KASH(Klarsicht,ANC-1 and Syne homology)结构域的核膜血影重复蛋白3(nuclear envelop spectrin repeat proteins 3,Nesprin-3)之间的相互作用。方法用生物信息学方法对SPAG4L蛋白进行分析,通过体外转染实验,观察SPAG4L的亚细胞定位;并用免疫荧光技术、免疫共沉淀和双分子荧光互补实验检测SPAG4L是否与KASH结构域蛋白Nesprin-3存在相互作用。结果生物信息学分析结果表明,SPAG4L蛋白具有跨膜结构;亚细胞定位结果发现,SPAG4L蛋白定位于核膜和胞浆;免疫荧光、免疫共沉淀和双分子荧光互补实验结果表明,SPAG4L蛋白与Nesprin-3蛋白质相互作用,形成LINC(linkers of the nucleoskeleton to the cytoskeleton)复合物。结论 SPAG4L与Nesprin-3能够相互作用,形成LINC复合物,对了解SPAG4L蛋白在精子发生中的作用具有重要的意义。
基金Project supported by the Foundation for University Key Teachers by the Ministry of Education of China, the Scientific Research Fund of Heilongjiang Provincial Education Department （Grant No 10543080） and Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province, China （Grant No A200506）.
文摘By virtue of the method of multiple-scale and the quasi-discreteness approach, we have discussed the nonlinear vibration equation of a 3D discrete monatomic lattice with its nearest-neighbours interaction. The 3D simple cubic lattices have the same localized modes as a 1D discrete monatomic chain with cubic and quartic nonlinearity. The nonlinear vibration in the 3D simple cubic lattice has 3D distorted solitons and 3D envelop solitons in the direction of kx = ky = kz = k and k = ±π/6α0 in the Brillouin zone, as well as has 3D vortices in the direction of kx = ky = kz = k and k = ±π/α0 in the Brillouin zone.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 50539100, 50509027)
文摘The research work presented in this paper refers to a new slope stability analysis method used for landslide risk evaluations. It is an extension of the 3-dimensional upper-bound slope stability analysis method proposed by Chen et al. in 2001,which employs the Mohr-Coulomb's associative flow rule. It has been found that in a 3-dimensional area,a prism may not be able to move at friction angles to all its surrounding interfaces,as required by this associative rule,and convergence problems may occasionally arise. The new method establishes two velocity fields:(i) The plastic one that represents a non-associative and the best representative dilation behavior,and (ii) the virtual one that permits the solution for factor of safety in the work and energy balance equation. The new method can then allow any input value of dilation angle and thus solve the convergence problem. A practical application to a concrete dam foundation is illustrated.
基金supported by the Research Fund of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies(Grant Nos.297-ZW200011 and 297-ZW230018)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61976104).
文摘Recently,Greenfeld and Tao(2024)disproved the conjecture that translational tilings of a single tile can always be periodic.In another paper(Greenfeld and Tao(2025)),they also showed that if the dimension n is part of the input,the translational tiling for subsets of Z^(n) with one tile is undecidable.These two results are very strong pieces of evidence for the conjecture that translational tiling of Z^(n) with a monotile is undecidable for some fixed n.In this paper,we show that translational tiling of the 3-dimensional space with a set of 5 polycubes is undecidable.By introducing a technique that lifts a set of polycubes and its tiling from the 3-dimensional space to the 4-dimensional space,we manage to show that translational tiling of the 4-dimensional space with a set of 4 tiles is undecidable.This is a step towards the attempt to settle the conjecture of the undecidability of translational tiling of the n-dimensional space with a monotile for some fixed n.
