This study proposes a lightweight rice disease detection model optimized for edge computing environments.The goal is to enhance the You Only Look Once(YOLO)v5 architecture to achieve a balance between real-time diagno...This study proposes a lightweight rice disease detection model optimized for edge computing environments.The goal is to enhance the You Only Look Once(YOLO)v5 architecture to achieve a balance between real-time diagnostic performance and computational efficiency.To this end,a total of 3234 high-resolution images(2400×1080)were collected from three major rice diseases Rice Blast,Bacterial Blight,and Brown Spot—frequently found in actual rice cultivation fields.These images served as the training dataset.The proposed YOLOv5-V2 model removes the Focus layer from the original YOLOv5s and integrates ShuffleNet V2 into the backbone,thereby resulting in both model compression and improved inference speed.Additionally,YOLOv5-P,based on PP-PicoDet,was configured as a comparative model to quantitatively evaluate performance.Experimental results demonstrated that YOLOv5-V2 achieved excellent detection performance,with an mAP 0.5 of 89.6%,mAP 0.5–0.95 of 66.7%,precision of 91.3%,and recall of 85.6%,while maintaining a lightweight model size of 6.45 MB.In contrast,YOLOv5-P exhibited a smaller model size of 4.03 MB,but showed lower performance with an mAP 0.5 of 70.3%,mAP 0.5–0.95 of 35.2%,precision of 62.3%,and recall of 74.1%.This study lays a technical foundation for the implementation of smart agriculture and real-time disease diagnosis systems by proposing a model that satisfies both accuracy and lightweight requirements.展开更多
Ca^2＋ dysregulation is an early event observed in Alzheimer＇s disease（AD） patients preceding the presence of its clinical symptoms.Dysregulation of neuronalCa^2＋ will cause synaptic loss and neuronal death,eventu...Ca^2＋ dysregulation is an early event observed in Alzheimer＇s disease（AD） patients preceding the presence of its clinical symptoms.Dysregulation of neuronalCa^2＋ will cause synaptic loss and neuronal death,eventually leading to memory impairments and cognitive decline.Treatments targetingCa^2＋ signaling pathways are potential therapeutic strategies against AD.The complicated interactions make it challenging and expensive to study the underlying mechanisms as to how Ca^2＋ signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of AD.Computational modeling offers new opportunities to study the signaling pathway and test proposed mechanisms.In this mini-review,we present some computational approaches that have been used to study Ca^2＋ dysregulation of AD by simulating Ca^2＋signaling at various levels.We also pointed out the future directions that computational modeling can be done in studying the Ca^2＋ dysregulation in AD.展开更多
Neuromorphic devices have shown great potential in simulating the function of biological neurons due to their efficient parallel information processing and low energy consumption.MXene-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x),an emerging two...Neuromorphic devices have shown great potential in simulating the function of biological neurons due to their efficient parallel information processing and low energy consumption.MXene-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x),an emerging twodimensional material,stands out as an ideal candidate for fabricating neuromorphic devices.Its exceptional electrical performance and robust mechanical properties make it an ideal choice for this purpose.This review aims to uncover the advantages and properties of MXene-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)in neuromorphic devices and to promote its further development.Firstly,we categorize several core physical mechanisms present in MXene-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)neuromorphic devices and summarize in detail the reasons for their formation.Then,this work systematically summarizes and classifies advanced techniques for the three main optimization pathways of MXene-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x),such as doping engineering,interface engineering,and structural engineering.Significantly,this work highlights innovative applications of MXene-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)neuromorphic devices in cutting-edge computing paradigms,particularly near-sensor computing and in-sensor computing.Finally,this review carefully compiles a table that integrates almost all research results involving MXene-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)neuromorphic devices and discusses the challenges,development prospects,and feasibility of MXene-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-based neuromorphic devices in practical applications,aiming to lay a solid theoretical foundation and provide technical support for further exploration and application of MXene-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)in the field of neuromorphic devices.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and lithium-sulfur(Li–S)batteries are two types of energy storage systems with significance in both scientific research and commercialization.Nevertheless,the rational design of electrode m...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and lithium-sulfur(Li–S)batteries are two types of energy storage systems with significance in both scientific research and commercialization.Nevertheless,the rational design of electrode materials for overcoming the bottlenecks of LIBs and Li–S batteries(such as low diffusion rates in LIBs and low sulfur utilization in Li–S batteries)remain the greatest challenge,while two-dimensional(2D)electrodes materials provide a solution because of their unique structural and electrochemical properties.In this article,from the perspective of ab-initio simulations,we review the design of 2D electrode materials for LIBs and Li–S batteries.We first propose the theoretical design principles for 2D electrodes,including stability,electronic properties,capacity,and ion diffusion descriptors.Next,classified examples of promising 2D electrodes designed by theoretical simulations are given,covering graphene,phosphorene,MXene,transition metal sulfides,and so on.Finally,common challenges and a future perspective are provided.This review paves the way for rational design of 2D electrode materials for LIBs and Li–S battery applications and may provide a guide for future experiments.展开更多
Neuromorphic computing devices leveraging HfO_(2) and ZrO_(2) materials have recently garnered significant attention due to their potential for brain-inspired computing systems.In this study,we present a novel trilaye...Neuromorphic computing devices leveraging HfO_(2) and ZrO_(2) materials have recently garnered significant attention due to their potential for brain-inspired computing systems.In this study,we present a novel trilayer Pt/HfO_(2)/ZrO_(2-x)/HfO_(2)/TiN memristor,engineered with a ZrO_(2-x) oxygen vacancy reservoir(OVR)layer fabricated via radio frequency(RF)sputtering under controlled oxygen ambient.The incorporation of the ZrO_(2-x) OVR layer enables enhanced resistive switching characteristics,including a high ON/OFF ratio(∼8000),excellent uniformity,robust data retention(>105 s),and multilevel storage capabilities.Furthermore,the memristor demonstrates superior synaptic plasticity with linear long-term potentiation(LTP)and depression(LTD),achieving low non-linearity values of 1.36(LTP)and 0.66(LTD),and a recognition accuracy of 95.3%in an MNIST dataset simulation.The unique properties of the ZrO_(2-x) layer,particularly its ability to act as a dynamic oxygen vacancy reservoir,significantly enhance synaptic performance by stabilizing oxygen vacancy migration.These findings establish the OVR-trilayer memristor as a promising candidate for future neuromorphic computing and high-performance memory applications.展开更多
Food allergy has become a global concern.Spleen tyrosine kinase(SYK)inhibitors are promising therapeutics against allergic disorders.In this study,a total of 300 natural phenolic compounds were firstly subjected to vi...Food allergy has become a global concern.Spleen tyrosine kinase(SYK)inhibitors are promising therapeutics against allergic disorders.In this study,a total of 300 natural phenolic compounds were firstly subjected to virtual screening.Sesamin and its metabolites,sesamin monocatechol(SC-1)and sesamin dicatechol(SC-2),were identified as potential SYK inhibitors,showing high binding affinity and inhibition efficiency towards SYK.Compared with R406(a traditional SYK inhibitor),sesamin,SC-1,and SC-2 had lower binding energy and inhibition constant(Ki)during molecular docking,exhibited higher bioavailability,safety,metabolism/clearance rate,and distribution uniformity ADMET predictions,and showed high stability in occupying the ATP-binding pocket of SYK during molecular dynamics simulations.In anti-dinitrophenyl-immunoglobulin E(Anti-DNP-Ig E)/dinitrophenyl-human serum albumin(DNP-HSA)-stimulated rat basophilic leukemia(RBL-2H3)cells,sesamin in the concentration range of 5-80μmol/L influenced significantly the degranulation and cytokine release,with 54.00%inhibition againstβ-hexosaminidase release and 58.45%decrease in histamine.In BALB/c mice,sesamin could ameliorate Anti-DNP-Ig E/DNP-HSA-induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(PCA)and ovalbumin(OVA)-induced active systemic anaphylaxis(ASA)reactions,reduce the levels of allergic mediators(immunoglobulins and pro-inflammatory cytokines),partially correct the imbalance of T helper(Th)cells differentiation in the spleen,and inhibit the phosphorylation of SYK and its downstream signaling proteins,including p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases(p38 MAPK),extracellular signalregulated kinases(ERK),and p65 nuclear factor-κB(p65 NF-κB)in the spleen.Thus,sesamin may be a safe and versatile SYK inhibitor that can alleviate Ig E-mediated food allergies.展开更多
The title compound C18H18N4OS has been synthesized by the reaction of 3-（2-hydroxy- benzyl）-4-amino-（1H）-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione with 4-isopropylbenzaldehyde in ethanol and characterized by IR, ^1H NMR spectra and...The title compound C18H18N4OS has been synthesized by the reaction of 3-（2-hydroxy- benzyl）-4-amino-（1H）-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione with 4-isopropylbenzaldehyde in ethanol and characterized by IR, ^1H NMR spectra and elemental analysis. Its structure was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal belongs to monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 11.605（2）, b = 7.401（1）, c = 20.339（2） A, β= 103.05（2）°, V= 1701.8（4） A^3, Z = 4, Mr = 338.42,μ = 0.202 mm^-1, Dc = 1.321 g/cm^3 and F（000） = 712. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R = 0.0428 and wR = 0.1069. Due to the intramolecular O-H…N hydrogen bond and π-π stacking interactions between the benzene （C（1）～C（6）） and triazole rings, the two planes are essentially coplanar. Their biological activities have been measured, showing this type of compound has certain antibacterial activity for Staphylococous aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Based on the quantum chemistry calculation at the RHF/6-31G level, the frontier orbitals and electrostatic potential of the title compound were also discussed.展开更多
The capture of atmospheric carbon dioxide by adsorbents is an important strategy to deal with the greenhouse effect.Compared with traditional CO_(2) adsorption materials like activated carbon,silica gel,and zeolite mo...The capture of atmospheric carbon dioxide by adsorbents is an important strategy to deal with the greenhouse effect.Compared with traditional CO_(2) adsorption materials like activated carbon,silica gel,and zeolite molecular sieves,covalent organic frameworks(COFs)have excellent thermal and chemical stabilities and can be produced in many different forms.Using their different possible construction units,ordered structures for specific applications can be produced,giving them broad prospects in fields such as gas storage.This review analyzes the different types of COFs that have been synthesized and their different methods of CO_(2) capture.It then discusses different ways to increase CO_(2) adsorption by changing the internal structure of COFs and modifying their surfaces.The limitations of COF-derived carbon materials in CO_(2) capture are reviewed and,finally,the key role of machine learning and computational simulation in improving CO_(2) adsorption is mentioned,and the current status and future possible uses of COFs are summarized.展开更多
Grid processing was carried out to the Dandong district.The Gauss point source proliferation was carried out to calculate SO2.By dint of Visual Basic 6.0,the program mode was designed and the SO2 ground density was ex...Grid processing was carried out to the Dandong district.The Gauss point source proliferation was carried out to calculate SO2.By dint of Visual Basic 6.0,the program mode was designed and the SO2 ground density was exported.Using the Visual Basic 6.0 object control technology and the Surfer drawing function,SO2 ground density contour was drawn and exported.The calculation and simulation of SO2 ground density were realized under different conditions by changing the meteorological condition and number of point sources.展开更多
This paper is to investigate the extended(2+1)-dimensional Konopelchenko-Dubrovsky equations,which can be applied to describing certain phenomena in the stratified shear flow,the internal and shallow-water waves, plas...This paper is to investigate the extended(2+1)-dimensional Konopelchenko-Dubrovsky equations,which can be applied to describing certain phenomena in the stratified shear flow,the internal and shallow-water waves, plasmas and other fields.Painleve analysis is passed through via symbolic computation.Bilinear-form equations are constructed and soliton solutions are derived.Soliton solutions and interactions are illustrated.Bilinear-form Backlund transformation and a type of solutions are obtained.展开更多
In this paper, the （2＋l）-dimensional generalization of shallow water wave equation, which may be used to describe the propagation of ocean waves, is analytically investigated. With the aid of symbolic computation, ...In this paper, the （2＋l）-dimensional generalization of shallow water wave equation, which may be used to describe the propagation of ocean waves, is analytically investigated. With the aid of symbolic computation, we prove that the （2＋ l）-dimensional generalization of shallow water wave equation possesses the Palnlev6 property under a certain condition, and its Lax pair is constructed by applying the singular manifold method. Based on the obtained Lax representation, the Darboux transformation （DT） is constructed. The first iterated solution, second iterated solution and a special N-soliton solution with an arbitrary function are derived with the resulting DT. Relevant properties are graphically illustrated, which might be helpful to understanding the propagation processes for ocean waves in shallow water.展开更多
High computational performance is extremely important for climate system models, especially in ultra-high-resolution model development. In this study, the computational performance of the Finite-volume Atmospheric Mod...High computational performance is extremely important for climate system models, especially in ultra-high-resolution model development. In this study, the computational performance of the Finite-volume Atmospheric Model of the IAP/LASG （FAMIL） was comprehensively evaluated on Tianhe-2, which was the world＇s top-ranked supercomputer from June 2013 to May 2016. The standardized Atmospheric Model Inter-comparison Project （AMIP） type of experiment was carried out that focused on the computational performance of each node as well as the simulation year per day （SYPD）, the running cost speedup, and the scalability of the FAMIL. The results indicated that （1） based on five indexes （CPU usage, percentage of CPU kernel mode that occupies CPU time and of message passing waiting time （CPU SW）, code vectorization （VEC）, average of Gflops （Gflops_ AVE）, and peak of Gflops （Gflops_PK））, FAMIL shows excellent computational performance on every Tianhe-2 computing node; （2） considering SYPD and the cost speedup of FAMIL systematically, the optimal Message Passing Interface （MPI） numbers of processors （MNPs） choice appears when FAMIL use 384 and 1536 MNPs for C96 （100 km） and C384 （25 km）, respectively; and （3） FAMIL shows positive scalability with increased threads to drive the model. Considering the fast network speed and acceleration card in the MIC architecture on Tianhe-2, there is still significant room to improve the computational performance of FAMIL.展开更多
Encouraged by next-generation networks and autonomous vehicle systems,vehicular networks must employ advanced technologies to guarantee personal safety,reduce traffic accidents and ease traffic jams.By leveraging the ...Encouraged by next-generation networks and autonomous vehicle systems,vehicular networks must employ advanced technologies to guarantee personal safety,reduce traffic accidents and ease traffic jams.By leveraging the computing ability at the network edge,multi-access edge computing(MEC)is a promising technique to tackle such challenges.Compared to traditional full offloading,partial offloading offers more flexibility in the perspective of application as well as deployment of such systems.Hence,in this paper,we investigate the application of partial computing offloading in-vehicle networks.In particular,by analyzing the structure of many emerging applications,e.g.,AR and online games,we convert the application structure into a sequential multi-component model.Focusing on shortening the application execution delay,we extend the optimization problem from the single-vehicle computing offloading(SVCOP)scenario to the multi-vehicle computing offloading(MVCOP)by taking multiple constraints into account.A deep reinforcement learning(DRL)based algorithm is proposed as a solution to this problem.Various performance evaluation results have shown that the proposed algorithm achieves superior performance as compared to existing offloading mechanisms in deducing application execution delay.展开更多
AIM： To establish a rabbit rectal VX2 carcinoma model for the study of rectal carcinoma.METHODS： A suspension of VX2 cells was injected into the rectum wall under the guidance of X-ray fluoroscopy. Computed tomograp...AIM： To establish a rabbit rectal VX2 carcinoma model for the study of rectal carcinoma.METHODS： A suspension of VX2 cells was injected into the rectum wall under the guidance of X-ray fluoroscopy. Computed tomography （CT） and magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） were used to observe tumorgrowth and metastasis at different phases. Pathological changes and spontaneous survival time of the rabbits were recorded.RESULTS： Two weeks after VX2 cell implantation, the tumor diameter ranged 4.1-5.8 mm and the success implantation rate was 81.8%. CT scanning showed low-density loci of the tumor in the rectum wail, while enhanced CT scanning demonstrated a symmetrical intensification in tumor loci. MRI scanning showed alow signal of the tumor on T1-weighted imaging anda high signal of the tumor on T2-weighted imaging.Both types of signals were intensified with enhanced MRI. Metastases to the liver and lung could beobserved 6 wk after VX2 cell implantation, and a largearea of necrosis appeared in the primary tumor. The spontaneous survival time of rabbits with cachexia and multiple organ failure was about 7 wk after VX2 cell implantation.CONCLUSION： The rabbit rectal VX2 carcinoma model we established has a high stability, and can be used in the study of rectal carcinoma.展开更多
The conventional computing architecture faces substantial chal-lenges,including high latency and energy consumption between memory and processing units.In response,in-memory computing has emerged as a promising altern...The conventional computing architecture faces substantial chal-lenges,including high latency and energy consumption between memory and processing units.In response,in-memory computing has emerged as a promising alternative architecture,enabling computing operations within memory arrays to overcome these limitations.Memristive devices have gained significant attention as key components for in-memory computing due to their high-density arrays,rapid response times,and ability to emulate biological synapses.Among these devices,two-dimensional(2D)material-based memristor and memtransistor arrays have emerged as particularly promising candidates for next-generation in-memory computing,thanks to their exceptional performance driven by the unique properties of 2D materials,such as layered structures,mechanical flexibility,and the capability to form heterojunctions.This review delves into the state-of-the-art research on 2D material-based memristive arrays,encompassing critical aspects such as material selection,device perfor-mance metrics,array structures,and potential applications.Furthermore,it provides a comprehensive overview of the current challenges and limitations associated with these arrays,along with potential solutions.The primary objective of this review is to serve as a significant milestone in realizing next-generation in-memory computing utilizing 2D materials and bridge the gap from single-device characterization to array-level and system-level implementations of neuromorphic computing,leveraging the potential of 2D material-based memristive devices.展开更多
文摘This study proposes a lightweight rice disease detection model optimized for edge computing environments.The goal is to enhance the You Only Look Once(YOLO)v5 architecture to achieve a balance between real-time diagnostic performance and computational efficiency.To this end,a total of 3234 high-resolution images(2400×1080)were collected from three major rice diseases Rice Blast,Bacterial Blight,and Brown Spot—frequently found in actual rice cultivation fields.These images served as the training dataset.The proposed YOLOv5-V2 model removes the Focus layer from the original YOLOv5s and integrates ShuffleNet V2 into the backbone,thereby resulting in both model compression and improved inference speed.Additionally,YOLOv5-P,based on PP-PicoDet,was configured as a comparative model to quantitatively evaluate performance.Experimental results demonstrated that YOLOv5-V2 achieved excellent detection performance,with an mAP 0.5 of 89.6%,mAP 0.5–0.95 of 66.7%,precision of 91.3%,and recall of 85.6%,while maintaining a lightweight model size of 6.45 MB.In contrast,YOLOv5-P exhibited a smaller model size of 4.03 MB,but showed lower performance with an mAP 0.5 of 70.3%,mAP 0.5–0.95 of 35.2%,precision of 62.3%,and recall of 74.1%.This study lays a technical foundation for the implementation of smart agriculture and real-time disease diagnosis systems by proposing a model that satisfies both accuracy and lightweight requirements.
文摘Ca^2＋ dysregulation is an early event observed in Alzheimer＇s disease（AD） patients preceding the presence of its clinical symptoms.Dysregulation of neuronalCa^2＋ will cause synaptic loss and neuronal death,eventually leading to memory impairments and cognitive decline.Treatments targetingCa^2＋ signaling pathways are potential therapeutic strategies against AD.The complicated interactions make it challenging and expensive to study the underlying mechanisms as to how Ca^2＋ signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of AD.Computational modeling offers new opportunities to study the signaling pathway and test proposed mechanisms.In this mini-review,we present some computational approaches that have been used to study Ca^2＋ dysregulation of AD by simulating Ca^2＋signaling at various levels.We also pointed out the future directions that computational modeling can be done in studying the Ca^2＋ dysregulation in AD.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(Grant No.12425209)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U20A20390,11827803,12172034,11822201,62004056,62104058,62271269).
文摘Neuromorphic devices have shown great potential in simulating the function of biological neurons due to their efficient parallel information processing and low energy consumption.MXene-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x),an emerging twodimensional material,stands out as an ideal candidate for fabricating neuromorphic devices.Its exceptional electrical performance and robust mechanical properties make it an ideal choice for this purpose.This review aims to uncover the advantages and properties of MXene-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)in neuromorphic devices and to promote its further development.Firstly,we categorize several core physical mechanisms present in MXene-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)neuromorphic devices and summarize in detail the reasons for their formation.Then,this work systematically summarizes and classifies advanced techniques for the three main optimization pathways of MXene-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x),such as doping engineering,interface engineering,and structural engineering.Significantly,this work highlights innovative applications of MXene-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)neuromorphic devices in cutting-edge computing paradigms,particularly near-sensor computing and in-sensor computing.Finally,this review carefully compiles a table that integrates almost all research results involving MXene-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)neuromorphic devices and discusses the challenges,development prospects,and feasibility of MXene-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-based neuromorphic devices in practical applications,aiming to lay a solid theoretical foundation and provide technical support for further exploration and application of MXene-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)in the field of neuromorphic devices.
基金supported by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(PolyU152178/20 E)the Hong Kong Polytechnic University(1-W19S)Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province of China(2020A0505090001).
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and lithium-sulfur(Li–S)batteries are two types of energy storage systems with significance in both scientific research and commercialization.Nevertheless,the rational design of electrode materials for overcoming the bottlenecks of LIBs and Li–S batteries(such as low diffusion rates in LIBs and low sulfur utilization in Li–S batteries)remain the greatest challenge,while two-dimensional(2D)electrodes materials provide a solution because of their unique structural and electrochemical properties.In this article,from the perspective of ab-initio simulations,we review the design of 2D electrode materials for LIBs and Li–S batteries.We first propose the theoretical design principles for 2D electrodes,including stability,electronic properties,capacity,and ion diffusion descriptors.Next,classified examples of promising 2D electrodes designed by theoretical simulations are given,covering graphene,phosphorene,MXene,transition metal sulfides,and so on.Finally,common challenges and a future perspective are provided.This review paves the way for rational design of 2D electrode materials for LIBs and Li–S battery applications and may provide a guide for future experiments.
基金financially supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(no.NRF-2021R1A2C2010781)grant funded by the Korean Government(Ministry of Science and ICT)Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)grant funded by the Korea Government(MOTIE)(no.P0012451,The Competency Development Program for Industry Specialist)Korea Government(MOTIE)(no.P0020966,HRD Program for Industrial Innovation).
文摘Neuromorphic computing devices leveraging HfO_(2) and ZrO_(2) materials have recently garnered significant attention due to their potential for brain-inspired computing systems.In this study,we present a novel trilayer Pt/HfO_(2)/ZrO_(2-x)/HfO_(2)/TiN memristor,engineered with a ZrO_(2-x) oxygen vacancy reservoir(OVR)layer fabricated via radio frequency(RF)sputtering under controlled oxygen ambient.The incorporation of the ZrO_(2-x) OVR layer enables enhanced resistive switching characteristics,including a high ON/OFF ratio(∼8000),excellent uniformity,robust data retention(>105 s),and multilevel storage capabilities.Furthermore,the memristor demonstrates superior synaptic plasticity with linear long-term potentiation(LTP)and depression(LTD),achieving low non-linearity values of 1.36(LTP)and 0.66(LTD),and a recognition accuracy of 95.3%in an MNIST dataset simulation.The unique properties of the ZrO_(2-x) layer,particularly its ability to act as a dynamic oxygen vacancy reservoir,significantly enhance synaptic performance by stabilizing oxygen vacancy migration.These findings establish the OVR-trilayer memristor as a promising candidate for future neuromorphic computing and high-performance memory applications.
基金Incubation Program of Youth Innovation in Shandong ProvinceKey Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(2021TZXD007)。
文摘Food allergy has become a global concern.Spleen tyrosine kinase(SYK)inhibitors are promising therapeutics against allergic disorders.In this study,a total of 300 natural phenolic compounds were firstly subjected to virtual screening.Sesamin and its metabolites,sesamin monocatechol(SC-1)and sesamin dicatechol(SC-2),were identified as potential SYK inhibitors,showing high binding affinity and inhibition efficiency towards SYK.Compared with R406(a traditional SYK inhibitor),sesamin,SC-1,and SC-2 had lower binding energy and inhibition constant(Ki)during molecular docking,exhibited higher bioavailability,safety,metabolism/clearance rate,and distribution uniformity ADMET predictions,and showed high stability in occupying the ATP-binding pocket of SYK during molecular dynamics simulations.In anti-dinitrophenyl-immunoglobulin E(Anti-DNP-Ig E)/dinitrophenyl-human serum albumin(DNP-HSA)-stimulated rat basophilic leukemia(RBL-2H3)cells,sesamin in the concentration range of 5-80μmol/L influenced significantly the degranulation and cytokine release,with 54.00%inhibition againstβ-hexosaminidase release and 58.45%decrease in histamine.In BALB/c mice,sesamin could ameliorate Anti-DNP-Ig E/DNP-HSA-induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(PCA)and ovalbumin(OVA)-induced active systemic anaphylaxis(ASA)reactions,reduce the levels of allergic mediators(immunoglobulins and pro-inflammatory cytokines),partially correct the imbalance of T helper(Th)cells differentiation in the spleen,and inhibit the phosphorylation of SYK and its downstream signaling proteins,including p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases(p38 MAPK),extracellular signalregulated kinases(ERK),and p65 nuclear factor-κB(p65 NF-κB)in the spleen.Thus,sesamin may be a safe and versatile SYK inhibitor that can alleviate Ig E-mediated food allergies.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No. M203115) and Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department (No. 20050057)
文摘The title compound C18H18N4OS has been synthesized by the reaction of 3-（2-hydroxy- benzyl）-4-amino-（1H）-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione with 4-isopropylbenzaldehyde in ethanol and characterized by IR, ^1H NMR spectra and elemental analysis. Its structure was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal belongs to monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 11.605（2）, b = 7.401（1）, c = 20.339（2） A, β= 103.05（2）°, V= 1701.8（4） A^3, Z = 4, Mr = 338.42,μ = 0.202 mm^-1, Dc = 1.321 g/cm^3 and F（000） = 712. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R = 0.0428 and wR = 0.1069. Due to the intramolecular O-H…N hydrogen bond and π-π stacking interactions between the benzene （C（1）～C（6）） and triazole rings, the two planes are essentially coplanar. Their biological activities have been measured, showing this type of compound has certain antibacterial activity for Staphylococous aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Based on the quantum chemistry calculation at the RHF/6-31G level, the frontier orbitals and electrostatic potential of the title compound were also discussed.
文摘The capture of atmospheric carbon dioxide by adsorbents is an important strategy to deal with the greenhouse effect.Compared with traditional CO_(2) adsorption materials like activated carbon,silica gel,and zeolite molecular sieves,covalent organic frameworks(COFs)have excellent thermal and chemical stabilities and can be produced in many different forms.Using their different possible construction units,ordered structures for specific applications can be produced,giving them broad prospects in fields such as gas storage.This review analyzes the different types of COFs that have been synthesized and their different methods of CO_(2) capture.It then discusses different ways to increase CO_(2) adsorption by changing the internal structure of COFs and modifying their surfaces.The limitations of COF-derived carbon materials in CO_(2) capture are reviewed and,finally,the key role of machine learning and computational simulation in improving CO_(2) adsorption is mentioned,and the current status and future possible uses of COFs are summarized.
文摘Grid processing was carried out to the Dandong district.The Gauss point source proliferation was carried out to calculate SO2.By dint of Visual Basic 6.0,the program mode was designed and the SO2 ground density was exported.Using the Visual Basic 6.0 object control technology and the Surfer drawing function,SO2 ground density contour was drawn and exported.The calculation and simulation of SO2 ground density were realized under different conditions by changing the meteorological condition and number of point sources.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60772023the Open Fund under Grant No.SKLSDE-2011KF-03+2 种基金Supported project under Grant No.SKLSDE-2010ZX-07 of the State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment,Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronauticsthe National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program) under Grant No.2009AA043303the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education under Grant No.200800130006,Chinese Ministry of Education
文摘This paper is to investigate the extended(2+1)-dimensional Konopelchenko-Dubrovsky equations,which can be applied to describing certain phenomena in the stratified shear flow,the internal and shallow-water waves, plasmas and other fields.Painleve analysis is passed through via symbolic computation.Bilinear-form equations are constructed and soliton solutions are derived.Soliton solutions and interactions are illustrated.Bilinear-form Backlund transformation and a type of solutions are obtained.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61072145the Scientific Research Common Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education under Grant No.SQKM201211232016
文摘In this paper, the （2＋l）-dimensional generalization of shallow water wave equation, which may be used to describe the propagation of ocean waves, is analytically investigated. With the aid of symbolic computation, we prove that the （2＋ l）-dimensional generalization of shallow water wave equation possesses the Palnlev6 property under a certain condition, and its Lax pair is constructed by applying the singular manifold method. Based on the obtained Lax representation, the Darboux transformation （DT） is constructed. The first iterated solution, second iterated solution and a special N-soliton solution with an arbitrary function are derived with the resulting DT. Relevant properties are graphically illustrated, which might be helpful to understanding the propagation processes for ocean waves in shallow water.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 41675100],[grant number91337110]the Third Tibetan Plateau Scientific Experiment:Observations for Boundary Layer and Troposphere[GYHY201406001]+1 种基金the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Science(CAS)(QYZDY-SSW-DQC018)the Special Program for Applied Research on Super Computation of the NSFC-Guangdong Joint Fund(the 2nd phase)
文摘High computational performance is extremely important for climate system models, especially in ultra-high-resolution model development. In this study, the computational performance of the Finite-volume Atmospheric Model of the IAP/LASG （FAMIL） was comprehensively evaluated on Tianhe-2, which was the world＇s top-ranked supercomputer from June 2013 to May 2016. The standardized Atmospheric Model Inter-comparison Project （AMIP） type of experiment was carried out that focused on the computational performance of each node as well as the simulation year per day （SYPD）, the running cost speedup, and the scalability of the FAMIL. The results indicated that （1） based on five indexes （CPU usage, percentage of CPU kernel mode that occupies CPU time and of message passing waiting time （CPU SW）, code vectorization （VEC）, average of Gflops （Gflops_ AVE）, and peak of Gflops （Gflops_PK））, FAMIL shows excellent computational performance on every Tianhe-2 computing node; （2） considering SYPD and the cost speedup of FAMIL systematically, the optimal Message Passing Interface （MPI） numbers of processors （MNPs） choice appears when FAMIL use 384 and 1536 MNPs for C96 （100 km） and C384 （25 km）, respectively; and （3） FAMIL shows positive scalability with increased threads to drive the model. Considering the fast network speed and acceleration card in the MIC architecture on Tianhe-2, there is still significant room to improve the computational performance of FAMIL.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant No.61671072).
文摘Encouraged by next-generation networks and autonomous vehicle systems,vehicular networks must employ advanced technologies to guarantee personal safety,reduce traffic accidents and ease traffic jams.By leveraging the computing ability at the network edge,multi-access edge computing(MEC)is a promising technique to tackle such challenges.Compared to traditional full offloading,partial offloading offers more flexibility in the perspective of application as well as deployment of such systems.Hence,in this paper,we investigate the application of partial computing offloading in-vehicle networks.In particular,by analyzing the structure of many emerging applications,e.g.,AR and online games,we convert the application structure into a sequential multi-component model.Focusing on shortening the application execution delay,we extend the optimization problem from the single-vehicle computing offloading(SVCOP)scenario to the multi-vehicle computing offloading(MVCOP)by taking multiple constraints into account.A deep reinforcement learning(DRL)based algorithm is proposed as a solution to this problem.Various performance evaluation results have shown that the proposed algorithm achieves superior performance as compared to existing offloading mechanisms in deducing application execution delay.
文摘AIM： To establish a rabbit rectal VX2 carcinoma model for the study of rectal carcinoma.METHODS： A suspension of VX2 cells was injected into the rectum wall under the guidance of X-ray fluoroscopy. Computed tomography （CT） and magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） were used to observe tumorgrowth and metastasis at different phases. Pathological changes and spontaneous survival time of the rabbits were recorded.RESULTS： Two weeks after VX2 cell implantation, the tumor diameter ranged 4.1-5.8 mm and the success implantation rate was 81.8%. CT scanning showed low-density loci of the tumor in the rectum wail, while enhanced CT scanning demonstrated a symmetrical intensification in tumor loci. MRI scanning showed alow signal of the tumor on T1-weighted imaging anda high signal of the tumor on T2-weighted imaging.Both types of signals were intensified with enhanced MRI. Metastases to the liver and lung could beobserved 6 wk after VX2 cell implantation, and a largearea of necrosis appeared in the primary tumor. The spontaneous survival time of rabbits with cachexia and multiple organ failure was about 7 wk after VX2 cell implantation.CONCLUSION： The rabbit rectal VX2 carcinoma model we established has a high stability, and can be used in the study of rectal carcinoma.
基金This work was supported by the National Research Foundation,Singapore under Award No.NRF-CRP24-2020-0002.
文摘The conventional computing architecture faces substantial chal-lenges,including high latency and energy consumption between memory and processing units.In response,in-memory computing has emerged as a promising alternative architecture,enabling computing operations within memory arrays to overcome these limitations.Memristive devices have gained significant attention as key components for in-memory computing due to their high-density arrays,rapid response times,and ability to emulate biological synapses.Among these devices,two-dimensional(2D)material-based memristor and memtransistor arrays have emerged as particularly promising candidates for next-generation in-memory computing,thanks to their exceptional performance driven by the unique properties of 2D materials,such as layered structures,mechanical flexibility,and the capability to form heterojunctions.This review delves into the state-of-the-art research on 2D material-based memristive arrays,encompassing critical aspects such as material selection,device perfor-mance metrics,array structures,and potential applications.Furthermore,it provides a comprehensive overview of the current challenges and limitations associated with these arrays,along with potential solutions.The primary objective of this review is to serve as a significant milestone in realizing next-generation in-memory computing utilizing 2D materials and bridge the gap from single-device characterization to array-level and system-level implementations of neuromorphic computing,leveraging the potential of 2D material-based memristive devices.
