While 2D/3D heterostructures are widely employed to improve the stability of perovskite optoelectronic devices,their effectiveness is fundamentally governed by the crystallinity of the interfacial structure -a factor ...While 2D/3D heterostructures are widely employed to improve the stability of perovskite optoelectronic devices,their effectiveness is fundamentally governed by the crystallinity of the interfacial structure -a factor often overlooked.Disordered interfaces exhibit thermodynamic metastability,where ion diffusion induces sequential phase transitions from low-n to high-n phases.Here,we construct atomically ordered 2D/3D interfaces using phase-pure 2D perovskite capping layers,which reduce the interfacial phase transition rate by 95%and effectively suppress ion migration.As a result,devices exhibit outstanding operational stability,retaining over 99%of their initial power conversion efficiency after 1500 h of continuous operation,along with excellent thermal durability at 85℃.These findings identify interfacial order as a critical parameter for regulating ion dynamics and phase behavior,providing a robust design principle for achieving high-efficiency,long-lifetime perovskite technologies.展开更多
[Significance]In alignment with the national germplasm security strategy,current research efforts are accelerating the adoption of precision breeding in sheep.Within the whole-genome selection,accurate phenotyping of ...[Significance]In alignment with the national germplasm security strategy,current research efforts are accelerating the adoption of precision breeding in sheep.Within the whole-genome selection,accurate phenotyping of body morphometrics is critical for assessing growth performance and breeding value.Traditional manual measurements are inefficient,prone to human error,and may cause stress to sheep,limiting their suitability for precision sheep management.By summarizing the applications of sheep body size measurement technologies and analyzing their development directions,this paper provides theoretical references and practical guidance for the research and application of non contact sheep body size measurement.[Progress]This review synthesizes progress across three principal methodological paradigms:two-dimensional(2D)image-based techniques,three-dimensional(3D)point cloud-based approaches,and integrated 2D-3D fusion systems.2D methods,employing either handcrafted geometric features or deep learning-based keypoint detector algorithms,are cost-effective and operationally simple but sensitive to variation in imaging conditions and unable to capture critical circumference metrics.3D point-cloud approaches enable precise reconstruction of full animal morphology,supporting comprehensive body-size acquisition with higher accuracy,yet face challenges including high hardware costs,complex data workflows,and sensitivity to posture variability.Hybrid 2D-3D fusion systems combine semantic richness from RGB imagery with geometric completeness from point clouds.Having been effectively validated in other livestock specise,e.g.,cattle and pigs,these fusion systems have demonstrated excellent performance,providing important technical references and practical insights for sheep body size measurement.[Conclusions and Prospects]Firstly,future research should focus on constructing large-scale,high-quality datasets for sheep body size measurement that encompass diverse breeds,growth stages,and environmental conditions,thereby enhancing model robustness and generalization.Secondly,the development of lightweight artificial intelligence models is essential.Techniques such as model compression,quantization,and algorithmic optimization can substantially reduce computational complexity and storage requirements,facilitating deployment in resource-constrained environments.Thirdly,the 3D point cloud processing pipeline should be streamlined to improve the efficiency of data acquisition,filtering,registration,and segmentation,while promoting the integration of low-cost,high-resilience vision systems into practical farming scenarios.Fourthly,specific emphasis should be placed on improving the accuracy of curved-dimensional measurements,such as chest circumference,abdominal circumference,and shank circumference,through advances in pose standardization,refined 3D segmentation strategies,and multimodal data fusion.Finally,the cross-fertilization of sheep body size measurement technologies with analogous methods for other livestock species offers a promising pathway for mutual learning and collaborative innovation,accelerating the industrialization of automated sheep morphometric systems and supporting the development of intelligent,data-driven pasture management practices.展开更多
The 2D/3D heterojunction perovskites have garnered increasing attention due to their exceptional moisture and thermal stability.However,few works have paid attention to the influence of the subsequent change process o...The 2D/3D heterojunction perovskites have garnered increasing attention due to their exceptional moisture and thermal stability.However,few works have paid attention to the influence of the subsequent change process of 2D/3D heterojunction PSC on the stability of PSCs.Moreover,the evolution of the interface and carrier dynamic behavior of the 2D/3D perovskite films with long-term operation has not been systematically developed befo re.In this work,the effects of 2D/3 D heterojunction evolution on the interface of perovskite films and different carrier dynamics during 2D/3D evolution are systematically analyzed for the first time.The decomposition of 2D/3D heterojunction in the perovskite film will have a certain impact on the surface and carrier dynamics behavior of perovskite.During the evolution of 2D/3D heterojunction,PbI_(2)crystals will appear,which will improve the interfacial energy level matching between the electron transport layer and perovskite film.With a long evolution time,some holes will appear on the surface of perovskite film.The open circuit voltage(V_(OC))of PSCs increased from 1.14 to1.18 V and the PCE increased to 23.21%after 300 h storage in the nitrogen atmosphere,and maintained 89%initial performance for with 3000 h stability test in N_(2)box.This discovery has a significant role in promoting the development of inverted heterojunction PSCs and constructing the revolution mechanism of charge carrier dynamic.展开更多
Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)incorporating 2D/3D heterostructures have exhibited remarkable improvements in both power conversion efficiency and operational stability.Nevertheless,the prevalent spin-coating fabrication...Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)incorporating 2D/3D heterostructures have exhibited remarkable improvements in both power conversion efficiency and operational stability.Nevertheless,the prevalent spin-coating fabrication technique presents formidable challenges for scalable manufacturing processes.Herein,we present a blade-coating compatible methodology for fabricating highperformance 2D/3D PSCs utilizing a low-volatility t-amyl alcohol(t-AmOH)-dimethylformamide(DMF)mixed solvent system.Through systematic materials characterization and comprehensive device performance analysis,we demonstrate that this approach facilitates uniform spatial distribution of butylammonium iodide(BAI)organic spacers,thereby promoting the formation of a high-quality 2D/3D perovskite architecture characterized by enhanced crystallinity and substantially reduced defect density.The optimized device achieves a champion power conversion efficiency of 22.25%while demonstrating exceptional operational stability,retaining 83%of its initial performance after prolonged exposure under ambient conditions(45%relative humidity)for 1000 h.展开更多
基金funding supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB1140000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22379156,U23A20141)+1 种基金Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory(QIBEBT/SEI/QNESL S202305)Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China(2024SFGC0102)。
文摘While 2D/3D heterostructures are widely employed to improve the stability of perovskite optoelectronic devices,their effectiveness is fundamentally governed by the crystallinity of the interfacial structure -a factor often overlooked.Disordered interfaces exhibit thermodynamic metastability,where ion diffusion induces sequential phase transitions from low-n to high-n phases.Here,we construct atomically ordered 2D/3D interfaces using phase-pure 2D perovskite capping layers,which reduce the interfacial phase transition rate by 95%and effectively suppress ion migration.As a result,devices exhibit outstanding operational stability,retaining over 99%of their initial power conversion efficiency after 1500 h of continuous operation,along with excellent thermal durability at 85℃.These findings identify interfacial order as a critical parameter for regulating ion dynamics and phase behavior,providing a robust design principle for achieving high-efficiency,long-lifetime perovskite technologies.
文摘[Significance]In alignment with the national germplasm security strategy,current research efforts are accelerating the adoption of precision breeding in sheep.Within the whole-genome selection,accurate phenotyping of body morphometrics is critical for assessing growth performance and breeding value.Traditional manual measurements are inefficient,prone to human error,and may cause stress to sheep,limiting their suitability for precision sheep management.By summarizing the applications of sheep body size measurement technologies and analyzing their development directions,this paper provides theoretical references and practical guidance for the research and application of non contact sheep body size measurement.[Progress]This review synthesizes progress across three principal methodological paradigms:two-dimensional(2D)image-based techniques,three-dimensional(3D)point cloud-based approaches,and integrated 2D-3D fusion systems.2D methods,employing either handcrafted geometric features or deep learning-based keypoint detector algorithms,are cost-effective and operationally simple but sensitive to variation in imaging conditions and unable to capture critical circumference metrics.3D point-cloud approaches enable precise reconstruction of full animal morphology,supporting comprehensive body-size acquisition with higher accuracy,yet face challenges including high hardware costs,complex data workflows,and sensitivity to posture variability.Hybrid 2D-3D fusion systems combine semantic richness from RGB imagery with geometric completeness from point clouds.Having been effectively validated in other livestock specise,e.g.,cattle and pigs,these fusion systems have demonstrated excellent performance,providing important technical references and practical insights for sheep body size measurement.[Conclusions and Prospects]Firstly,future research should focus on constructing large-scale,high-quality datasets for sheep body size measurement that encompass diverse breeds,growth stages,and environmental conditions,thereby enhancing model robustness and generalization.Secondly,the development of lightweight artificial intelligence models is essential.Techniques such as model compression,quantization,and algorithmic optimization can substantially reduce computational complexity and storage requirements,facilitating deployment in resource-constrained environments.Thirdly,the 3D point cloud processing pipeline should be streamlined to improve the efficiency of data acquisition,filtering,registration,and segmentation,while promoting the integration of low-cost,high-resilience vision systems into practical farming scenarios.Fourthly,specific emphasis should be placed on improving the accuracy of curved-dimensional measurements,such as chest circumference,abdominal circumference,and shank circumference,through advances in pose standardization,refined 3D segmentation strategies,and multimodal data fusion.Finally,the cross-fertilization of sheep body size measurement technologies with analogous methods for other livestock species offers a promising pathway for mutual learning and collaborative innovation,accelerating the industrialization of automated sheep morphometric systems and supporting the development of intelligent,data-driven pasture management practices.
基金financial support provided by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2022NSFSC0226)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2023ZYD0163)+6 种基金the Production-Education Integration Demonstration Project of Sichuan Provincethe Photovoltaic Industry Production-Education Integration Comprehensive Demonstration Base of Sichuan Province(Sichuan Financial Education[2022]No.106)China Tianfu Yongxing Laboratory Science and Technology Key Project(2023KJGG15)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3803300)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(IS23037)the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero(project ID:NEXTCCUS)the ACT program(Accelerating CCS Technologies,Horizon2020 project NO.691712)。
文摘The 2D/3D heterojunction perovskites have garnered increasing attention due to their exceptional moisture and thermal stability.However,few works have paid attention to the influence of the subsequent change process of 2D/3D heterojunction PSC on the stability of PSCs.Moreover,the evolution of the interface and carrier dynamic behavior of the 2D/3D perovskite films with long-term operation has not been systematically developed befo re.In this work,the effects of 2D/3 D heterojunction evolution on the interface of perovskite films and different carrier dynamics during 2D/3D evolution are systematically analyzed for the first time.The decomposition of 2D/3D heterojunction in the perovskite film will have a certain impact on the surface and carrier dynamics behavior of perovskite.During the evolution of 2D/3D heterojunction,PbI_(2)crystals will appear,which will improve the interfacial energy level matching between the electron transport layer and perovskite film.With a long evolution time,some holes will appear on the surface of perovskite film.The open circuit voltage(V_(OC))of PSCs increased from 1.14 to1.18 V and the PCE increased to 23.21%after 300 h storage in the nitrogen atmosphere,and maintained 89%initial performance for with 3000 h stability test in N_(2)box.This discovery has a significant role in promoting the development of inverted heterojunction PSCs and constructing the revolution mechanism of charge carrier dynamic.
基金supported by ational Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62405293,62301509,62304209)Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province(No.202302030201001)Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(Nos.202303021212191,202203021222079,20210302123203,202103021223185).
文摘Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)incorporating 2D/3D heterostructures have exhibited remarkable improvements in both power conversion efficiency and operational stability.Nevertheless,the prevalent spin-coating fabrication technique presents formidable challenges for scalable manufacturing processes.Herein,we present a blade-coating compatible methodology for fabricating highperformance 2D/3D PSCs utilizing a low-volatility t-amyl alcohol(t-AmOH)-dimethylformamide(DMF)mixed solvent system.Through systematic materials characterization and comprehensive device performance analysis,we demonstrate that this approach facilitates uniform spatial distribution of butylammonium iodide(BAI)organic spacers,thereby promoting the formation of a high-quality 2D/3D perovskite architecture characterized by enhanced crystallinity and substantially reduced defect density.The optimized device achieves a champion power conversion efficiency of 22.25%while demonstrating exceptional operational stability,retaining 83%of its initial performance after prolonged exposure under ambient conditions(45%relative humidity)for 1000 h.
