Background:The phenomenon of multimorbidity in chronic diseases among the elderly is prevalent,and its significant association with depression poses a serious threat to the physical and mental health of older adults.C...Background:The phenomenon of multimorbidity in chronic diseases among the elderly is prevalent,and its significant association with depression poses a serious threat to the physical and mental health of older adults.Current research on the associations between 24-hour movement behaviors(including physical activity,sedentary behavior,and sleep)and depression has largely been confined to examining the effects of single behaviors,overlooking the intrinsic compositional nature and interrelationships among these behaviors.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate the integrated effects of 24-hour movement behaviors on depression in older adults with multimorbidity from a holistic,compositional perspective.Methods:From November 2024 to April 2025,a total of 226 older adult patients with multimorbidity were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Changzhou City.Data were collected using a general information questionnaire,the International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Short Form(IPAQ-SF),the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9).Compositional data analysis and isotemporal substitution models were employed for statistical analysis.Results:The mean daily durations of Light-Intensity Physical Activity(LPA),Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity(MVPA),Sedentary Behavior(SB),and Sleep(SLP)in older adults with multimorbidity were 402.48 min,12.04 min,511.52 min,and 458.68 min,respectively.The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 37.6%.Compositional data analysis revealed that SB was positively associated with depression(βSB=1.005,P=0.006),while SLP was negatively associated with depression(βSLP=−1.736,P<0.001).No statistically significant associations were found between MVPA or LPA and depression(P>0.05).In the 10-minute isotemporal substitution model,replacing SB with any other behavioral component was associated with a decrease in depression scores.Conversely,substituting SLP with either LPA or SB resulted in an increase in depression scores,while substituting SLP with MVPA led to a decrease in depression scores.The dose-response analysis revealed that,among the isotemporal substitution effects,replacing SB with SLP and replacing SLP with MVPA were the substitution pathways associated with the most rapid decline in depression scores,representing the greatest beneficial health effects.Conclusion:The prevalence of depression is notably high among older adults with multimorbidity.Reducing daily sedentary behavior(SB),maintaining adequate sleep(SLP),and increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)can improve depressive symptoms and enhance overall health in this population.展开更多
Background:The Canadian 24-h movement guidelines(24-HMG)emphasize the holistic consideration of physical activity(PA),sedentary behavior,and sleep in shaping health outcomes.This study aimed to examine the association...Background:The Canadian 24-h movement guidelines(24-HMG)emphasize the holistic consideration of physical activity(PA),sedentary behavior,and sleep in shaping health outcomes.This study aimed to examine the associations between meeting 24-HMG and emotion regulation-related indicators among children and adolescents.Methods:A total of 534 Chinese children and adolescents aged 12.94±1.10 years(49.81%males)participated in this study and completed self-report measures assessing 24-h movement behaviors,emotion regulation strategies,emotion regulation flexibility,and regulatory emotional self-efficacy.Results:Only 7.12% of theparticipants adhered to two or all three guidelines.The number of guidelines met was positively associated with the use of emotion regulation strategies,emotion regulation flexibility,and regulatory emotional self-efficacy.Compared with meeting none of the guidelines,participants whomet one ormore guidelines reported significantly better performance in these outcomes.Conclusion:Meeting 24-HMG was associated with superior emotion regulation in children and adolescents.The importance of engaging in regular PA,limiting recreational screen time,and getting enough sleep should be highlighted for fostering emotion regulation in this demographic.展开更多
Background:The Canadian 24-hour movement behavior(24-HMB)guidelines suggest that a limited amount of screen time use,an adequate level of physical activity(PA),and sufficient sleep duration are beneficial for ensuring...Background:The Canadian 24-hour movement behavior(24-HMB)guidelines suggest that a limited amount of screen time use,an adequate level of physical activity(PA),and sufficient sleep duration are beneficial for ensuring and optimizing the health and quality of life(QoL)of children and adolescents.However,this topic has yet to be examined for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)specifically.The aim of this cross-sectional observational study was to examine the associations between meeting 24-HMB guidelines and several QoLrelated indicators among a national sample of American children and adolescents with ASD.Methods:Data were taken from the 2020 U.S.National Survey of Children’s Health dataset.Participants(n=956)aged 617 years and currently diagnosed with ASD were included.The exposure of interest was adherence to the 24-HMB guidelines.Outcomes were QoL indicators,including learning interest/curiosity,repeating grades,adaptive ability,victimization by bullying,and behavioral problems.Categorical variables were described with unweighted sample counts and weighted percentages.Age,sex,race,preterm birth status,medication,behavioral treatment,household poverty level,and the educational level of the primary caregivers were included as covariates.Odds ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(95%CI)were used to present the strength of association between adherence to 24-HMB guidelines and QoL-related indicators.Results:Overall,452 participants(45.34%)met 1 of the 3 recommendations,216(22.65%)met 2 recommendations,whereas only 39 participants(5.04%)met all 3 recommendations.Compared with meeting none of the recommendations,meeting both sleep duration and PA recommendations(OR=3.92,95%CI:1.639.48,p<0.001)or all 3 recommendations(OR=2.11,95%CI:1.034.35,p=0.04)was associated with higher odds of showing learning interest/curiosity.Meeting both screen time and PA recommendations(OR=0.15,95%CI:0.040.61,p<0.05)or both sleep duration and PA recommendations(OR=0.24,95%CI:0.070.87,p<0.05)was associated with lower odds of repeating any grades.With respect to adaptive ability,participants who met only the PA recommendation of the 24-HMB were less likely to have difficulties dressing or bathing(OR=0.11,95%CI:0.020.66,p<0.05)than those who did not.For participants who met all 3 recommendations(OR=0.38,95%CI:0.150.99,p=0.05),the odds of being victimized by bullying was lower.Participants who adhered to both sleep duration and PA recommendations were less likely to present with severe behavioral problems(OR=0.17,95%CI:0.040.71,p<0.05)than those who did not meet those guidelines.Conclusion:Significant associations were found between adhering to 24-HMB guidelines and selected QoL indicators.These findings highlight the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle as a key factor in promoting and preserving the QoL of children with ASD.展开更多
Background and Aim: In hemodialysis patients, 24-hours interdialytic ABPM better detects TOD than dialysis unit blood pressure. Therefore, the present study was aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of 24-hours A...Background and Aim: In hemodialysis patients, 24-hours interdialytic ABPM better detects TOD than dialysis unit blood pressure. Therefore, the present study was aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of 24-hours ABPM vs. dialysis unit BPs for the diagnosis of ECG-LVH in steady state chronic hemodialysis black patients. Methods: From March 31 to September 30, 2018, interdialytic ABPM was performed after a mid-week hemodialysis session for 24 hours using a Spacelab 90207 ABPM monitor in the non-access arm in 45 stable chronic hemodialysis black patients (age ≥ 20 years, hemodialysis for at least 3 months and informed consent) attending 3 hemodialysis centers in Kinshasa. Ambulatory BP was recorded every 20 minutes during the day (6 AM to 10 PM) and every 30 minutes during the night (10 PM to 6 AM). ECG-LVH was defined using Cornell product criteria. ROC curve method was used to assess the performance of dialysis unit BPs vs. interdialytic 24-hours ABPM in diagnosing ECG-LVH. P 0.05 defined the level of statistical significance. Results: Whatever the method of BP measurement, all the SBP values were related to ECG-LVH with similar AUC and overlapping 95% CI;however, they were not significantly different from each other. 24-hours interdialytic ambulatory SBP (AUC 0.748;95% CI 0.58 - 0.94) had the highest area under the curve. Conclusion: The present study showed that although all the two BP measurement methods equally detected ECG-LVH, 24-hours ABPM tended to have the highest diagnostic performance.展开更多
This study explores the perceptions of a small group of nurses working at a newly established 24-hour community-based service enter (SC) for users with psychiatric disability using a qualitative approach. Since the me...This study explores the perceptions of a small group of nurses working at a newly established 24-hour community-based service enter (SC) for users with psychiatric disability using a qualitative approach. Since the mental health reform in Sweden in 1995 where the communities (in Sweden called municipalities) were given the responsibility to establish service and support to people with severe psychiatric disabilities, they have struggled in finding suitable forms of these kinds of areas. In 2010, this led to the creation and development of a new center aiming to provide services and support based on the expressed needs of people with physchiatric disability in a community located in southern Sweden. During 2011, a total of three group interviews were performed to capture the employed nurses’ perceptions of this newly established SC. The interview texts were analyzed by way of qualitative content analysis. A first reading of the interview texts revealed that the nurses’ perceptions of the service center were unwaveringly positive but that their beliefs about who the specific target group were differed. The main finding was summarized by the theme: Making a difference—on an individual, professional, and organizational level. The sub themes were: 24-hour availability, unclear assignment, and preventing mental illness. The findings indicate a need for a community round-the-clock service center in this Swedish community and a more clear definition of the target group.展开更多
Recently, international movement measures that may be causing tension between the of cargo had been the subject of increasing border control needs for security and the needs for trade facilitations. On the one hand cu...Recently, international movement measures that may be causing tension between the of cargo had been the subject of increasing border control needs for security and the needs for trade facilitations. On the one hand customs authorities are charged with the responsibility for policing a country＇s borders, and consequently they need to have in place measures to ensure that only legitimate trade takes place and that this trade does not present security concerns. On the other hand we have the requirements of traders, who benefit from an environment of trade facilitation with speedy and efficient movement of cargo across international borders, with minimal bureaucratic intervention. This paper focuses on and provides early discussion and comments on the possible ramifications of the introduction of the 24-hour rule in China, effective for all exports and imports of sea freight container traffic since January 1, 2009. The new rules will have significant impact on the logistics flows of exporters and importers alike. Specifically, the reporting requirements timelines are likely to result in increased costs in cargo processing at wharves that traders will have to bear; place added pressure on storage facilities at wharves, or at container depots; and may additionally increase the amount of inventory buffer because of the timing of the data reporting requirements. The paper concludes that security needs have prevailed over trade facilitation considerations and that traders should urgently implement a review of existing practices to ensure they comply with the China Customs requirements, whilst simultaneously minimizing cost increases.展开更多
This study illuminates nine psychiatric disabled persons’ lived experience of a newly established community-based service center open around the clock. This new 24-hour support center (SC) was established in 2011 in ...This study illuminates nine psychiatric disabled persons’ lived experience of a newly established community-based service center open around the clock. This new 24-hour support center (SC) was established in 2011 in a Swedish community to better match and facilitate the disabled persons’ needs. In order to illuminate the disabled person’s experiences individual interview was performed. A phenomenological-hermeneutical method inspired by Paul Ricoeur was used to interpret the texts. After a naive reading, a structural analysis revealed two themes: 1), becoming aware of myself as a person, and 2) having a lifeline and belongingness. The comprehensive understanding was interpreted as meaning “Making me feel almost like an ordinary person”, which incorporated the person’s past with their present together with a direction for the future and hope for a more fulfilling life.展开更多
Objective To retrospectively review the experience of esophageal manometry and 24-hour pH monitoring in e-sophagus surgery. Methods From 1982 to 2010,patients with unspecific chest pain and undergone esophageal surger...Objective To retrospectively review the experience of esophageal manometry and 24-hour pH monitoring in e-sophagus surgery. Methods From 1982 to 2010,patients with unspecific chest pain and undergone esophageal surgery were received esophageal manometry and 24-hour pH monitoring. Results Among the patients with展开更多
Purpose:.To investigate the clinical significance of 24-hour monitoring of intraocular pressure(IOP).Methods: A total of 571 cases(1055 eyes) undergoing 24-hour monitoring of IOP in the Second People's Hospital of...Purpose:.To investigate the clinical significance of 24-hour monitoring of intraocular pressure(IOP).Methods: A total of 571 cases(1055 eyes) undergoing 24-hour monitoring of IOP in the Second People's Hospital of Zhengzhou between June 2012 and March 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Results: Among all 1055 eyes,.298 had suspected glaucoma(28.2%); 390(37.0%) were diagnosed with glaucoma but received no treatment(312 with primary open angle glaucoma(POAG).and 78 with primary angle closure glaucoma(PACG));215(20.4%) were diagnosed with glaucoma and received medical treatment;. 132( 12. 5 %). underwent glaucoma filtration surgery;.and there were 20 others..Through 24-hour IOP monitoring,.104 among 298 cases with suspected glaucoma were diagnosed with normal tension glaucoma(NTG),.110 with POAG,.and 28 with the secondary glaucoma..Condition assessment and treatment plans were presented for 390 glaucoma cases receiving no treatment..Adjustment was made in the medical treatment of 138 eyes..Following glaucoma filtration surgery,.52 eyes received clinical advice on subsequent treatment.Conclusion: The simplified 24-hour IOP monitoring method is readily accepted by patients,.which is of great significance for providing guidance on the diagnosis of glaucoma and the assessment of the efficacy of glaucoma surgery..However,one-time 24-hour IOP monitoring is not sufficiently efficacious to make a definite diagnosis of NTG..Therefore,.long-term follow-up and repeated 24-hour IOP monitoring are required to diagnose NTG,.along with a variety of related examinations.展开更多
Importance:Several methods have been established in recent decades that allow use of spot urine to estimate dietary sodium intake.However,their accuracies have been controversial in children.Objective:To validate the ...Importance:Several methods have been established in recent decades that allow use of spot urine to estimate dietary sodium intake.However,their accuracies have been controversial in children.Objective:To validate the performance of three commonly used methods-the Kawasaki,Tanaka,and International Cooperative Study on Salt,Other Factors,and Blood Pressure(INTERSALT)methods.Additionally,this study explored the accuracies of the Tanaka and INTERSALT methods by using spot urine samples taken at four separate times.Method:Forty-one adolescents aged 14 to 16 years completed two non-consecutive 24-hour urine collections and their mean values were used as reference data.The second-morning urine was used for assessment with the Kawasaki method;a casual spot urine and spot urine samples taken at four separate times(morning,afternoon,evening,and overnight)were used for assessment with the Tanaka and INTERSALT methods.Results:The mean differences were 1801 mg,542 mg,47 mg,and-31 mg for the Kawasaki,Tanaka,INTERSALT 1(with potassium),and INTERSALT2(without potassium)methods with their required spot urine,respectively.The proportions of relative difference levels within±10%were 4.9%for the Kawasaki method,19.5%for the Tanaka method,36.6%for the INTERSALT 1 method,and 36.6%for the INTERSALT2 method.Interpretation:The INTERSALT method seemed to provide minimally biased estimations of mean population sodium intake with casual spot urine.However,there is a need to be cautious regarding inconsistencies in estimation among different levels of sodium intake.The methods assessed in this study were unable to accurately estimate sodium intake at the individual level.展开更多
Chronic non-communicable diseases(NCDs)represent a significant impediment to improve life expectancy and remain a focal point in global public health and disease prevention efforts.24-hour movement behaviors,which inc...Chronic non-communicable diseases(NCDs)represent a significant impediment to improve life expectancy and remain a focal point in global public health and disease prevention efforts.24-hour movement behaviors,which include sleep,sedentary behavior(SED),and physical activity,underscore the inherent connections between different daily activities and the comprehensive impact of overall movement patterns on health.Evidence suggested that modifying patterns of 24-hour movement behaviors can aid in preventing and attenuating the progression of NCDs.This study systematically delineated the concept,evolution,analytical methods,and intrinsic associations of 24-hour movement behaviors,emphasizing their pivotal role in the prevention and management of NCDs such as obesity,mental disorders,cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,and renal diseases.Future research endeavors should focus on refining methodologies,broadening study populations,developing research tools,and exploring precise intervention strategies and interdisciplinary approaches to comprehensively enhance the effectiveness of NCDs prevention and management from a temporal perspective.Such efforts are poised to provide substantive guidance and support for public health practices.展开更多
基金supported by the 2025 Jiangsu Province Graduate Student Practice Innovation Program(No.SJCX25_1696)the 2024 Changzhou University Educational Research Project(No.GJY2024009).
文摘Background:The phenomenon of multimorbidity in chronic diseases among the elderly is prevalent,and its significant association with depression poses a serious threat to the physical and mental health of older adults.Current research on the associations between 24-hour movement behaviors(including physical activity,sedentary behavior,and sleep)and depression has largely been confined to examining the effects of single behaviors,overlooking the intrinsic compositional nature and interrelationships among these behaviors.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate the integrated effects of 24-hour movement behaviors on depression in older adults with multimorbidity from a holistic,compositional perspective.Methods:From November 2024 to April 2025,a total of 226 older adult patients with multimorbidity were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Changzhou City.Data were collected using a general information questionnaire,the International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Short Form(IPAQ-SF),the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9).Compositional data analysis and isotemporal substitution models were employed for statistical analysis.Results:The mean daily durations of Light-Intensity Physical Activity(LPA),Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity(MVPA),Sedentary Behavior(SB),and Sleep(SLP)in older adults with multimorbidity were 402.48 min,12.04 min,511.52 min,and 458.68 min,respectively.The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 37.6%.Compositional data analysis revealed that SB was positively associated with depression(βSB=1.005,P=0.006),while SLP was negatively associated with depression(βSLP=−1.736,P<0.001).No statistically significant associations were found between MVPA or LPA and depression(P>0.05).In the 10-minute isotemporal substitution model,replacing SB with any other behavioral component was associated with a decrease in depression scores.Conversely,substituting SLP with either LPA or SB resulted in an increase in depression scores,while substituting SLP with MVPA led to a decrease in depression scores.The dose-response analysis revealed that,among the isotemporal substitution effects,replacing SB with SLP and replacing SLP with MVPA were the substitution pathways associated with the most rapid decline in depression scores,representing the greatest beneficial health effects.Conclusion:The prevalence of depression is notably high among older adults with multimorbidity.Reducing daily sedentary behavior(SB),maintaining adequate sleep(SLP),and increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)can improve depressive symptoms and enhance overall health in this population.
基金supported by Zhejiang Provincial Social Science Funding(22NDJC050YB).
文摘Background:The Canadian 24-h movement guidelines(24-HMG)emphasize the holistic consideration of physical activity(PA),sedentary behavior,and sleep in shaping health outcomes.This study aimed to examine the associations between meeting 24-HMG and emotion regulation-related indicators among children and adolescents.Methods:A total of 534 Chinese children and adolescents aged 12.94±1.10 years(49.81%males)participated in this study and completed self-report measures assessing 24-h movement behaviors,emotion regulation strategies,emotion regulation flexibility,and regulatory emotional self-efficacy.Results:Only 7.12% of theparticipants adhered to two or all three guidelines.The number of guidelines met was positively associated with the use of emotion regulation strategies,emotion regulation flexibility,and regulatory emotional self-efficacy.Compared with meeting none of the guidelines,participants whomet one ormore guidelines reported significantly better performance in these outcomes.Conclusion:Meeting 24-HMG was associated with superior emotion regulation in children and adolescents.The importance of engaging in regular PA,limiting recreational screen time,and getting enough sleep should be highlighted for fostering emotion regulation in this demographic.
基金supported by Start-up Research Grant of Shenzhen University(20200807163056003)Start-Up Research Grant(PeacockPlan:20191105534C).
文摘Background:The Canadian 24-hour movement behavior(24-HMB)guidelines suggest that a limited amount of screen time use,an adequate level of physical activity(PA),and sufficient sleep duration are beneficial for ensuring and optimizing the health and quality of life(QoL)of children and adolescents.However,this topic has yet to be examined for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)specifically.The aim of this cross-sectional observational study was to examine the associations between meeting 24-HMB guidelines and several QoLrelated indicators among a national sample of American children and adolescents with ASD.Methods:Data were taken from the 2020 U.S.National Survey of Children’s Health dataset.Participants(n=956)aged 617 years and currently diagnosed with ASD were included.The exposure of interest was adherence to the 24-HMB guidelines.Outcomes were QoL indicators,including learning interest/curiosity,repeating grades,adaptive ability,victimization by bullying,and behavioral problems.Categorical variables were described with unweighted sample counts and weighted percentages.Age,sex,race,preterm birth status,medication,behavioral treatment,household poverty level,and the educational level of the primary caregivers were included as covariates.Odds ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(95%CI)were used to present the strength of association between adherence to 24-HMB guidelines and QoL-related indicators.Results:Overall,452 participants(45.34%)met 1 of the 3 recommendations,216(22.65%)met 2 recommendations,whereas only 39 participants(5.04%)met all 3 recommendations.Compared with meeting none of the recommendations,meeting both sleep duration and PA recommendations(OR=3.92,95%CI:1.639.48,p<0.001)or all 3 recommendations(OR=2.11,95%CI:1.034.35,p=0.04)was associated with higher odds of showing learning interest/curiosity.Meeting both screen time and PA recommendations(OR=0.15,95%CI:0.040.61,p<0.05)or both sleep duration and PA recommendations(OR=0.24,95%CI:0.070.87,p<0.05)was associated with lower odds of repeating any grades.With respect to adaptive ability,participants who met only the PA recommendation of the 24-HMB were less likely to have difficulties dressing or bathing(OR=0.11,95%CI:0.020.66,p<0.05)than those who did not.For participants who met all 3 recommendations(OR=0.38,95%CI:0.150.99,p=0.05),the odds of being victimized by bullying was lower.Participants who adhered to both sleep duration and PA recommendations were less likely to present with severe behavioral problems(OR=0.17,95%CI:0.040.71,p<0.05)than those who did not meet those guidelines.Conclusion:Significant associations were found between adhering to 24-HMB guidelines and selected QoL indicators.These findings highlight the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle as a key factor in promoting and preserving the QoL of children with ASD.
文摘Background and Aim: In hemodialysis patients, 24-hours interdialytic ABPM better detects TOD than dialysis unit blood pressure. Therefore, the present study was aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of 24-hours ABPM vs. dialysis unit BPs for the diagnosis of ECG-LVH in steady state chronic hemodialysis black patients. Methods: From March 31 to September 30, 2018, interdialytic ABPM was performed after a mid-week hemodialysis session for 24 hours using a Spacelab 90207 ABPM monitor in the non-access arm in 45 stable chronic hemodialysis black patients (age ≥ 20 years, hemodialysis for at least 3 months and informed consent) attending 3 hemodialysis centers in Kinshasa. Ambulatory BP was recorded every 20 minutes during the day (6 AM to 10 PM) and every 30 minutes during the night (10 PM to 6 AM). ECG-LVH was defined using Cornell product criteria. ROC curve method was used to assess the performance of dialysis unit BPs vs. interdialytic 24-hours ABPM in diagnosing ECG-LVH. P 0.05 defined the level of statistical significance. Results: Whatever the method of BP measurement, all the SBP values were related to ECG-LVH with similar AUC and overlapping 95% CI;however, they were not significantly different from each other. 24-hours interdialytic ambulatory SBP (AUC 0.748;95% CI 0.58 - 0.94) had the highest area under the curve. Conclusion: The present study showed that although all the two BP measurement methods equally detected ECG-LVH, 24-hours ABPM tended to have the highest diagnostic performance.
文摘This study explores the perceptions of a small group of nurses working at a newly established 24-hour community-based service enter (SC) for users with psychiatric disability using a qualitative approach. Since the mental health reform in Sweden in 1995 where the communities (in Sweden called municipalities) were given the responsibility to establish service and support to people with severe psychiatric disabilities, they have struggled in finding suitable forms of these kinds of areas. In 2010, this led to the creation and development of a new center aiming to provide services and support based on the expressed needs of people with physchiatric disability in a community located in southern Sweden. During 2011, a total of three group interviews were performed to capture the employed nurses’ perceptions of this newly established SC. The interview texts were analyzed by way of qualitative content analysis. A first reading of the interview texts revealed that the nurses’ perceptions of the service center were unwaveringly positive but that their beliefs about who the specific target group were differed. The main finding was summarized by the theme: Making a difference—on an individual, professional, and organizational level. The sub themes were: 24-hour availability, unclear assignment, and preventing mental illness. The findings indicate a need for a community round-the-clock service center in this Swedish community and a more clear definition of the target group.
文摘Recently, international movement measures that may be causing tension between the of cargo had been the subject of increasing border control needs for security and the needs for trade facilitations. On the one hand customs authorities are charged with the responsibility for policing a country＇s borders, and consequently they need to have in place measures to ensure that only legitimate trade takes place and that this trade does not present security concerns. On the other hand we have the requirements of traders, who benefit from an environment of trade facilitation with speedy and efficient movement of cargo across international borders, with minimal bureaucratic intervention. This paper focuses on and provides early discussion and comments on the possible ramifications of the introduction of the 24-hour rule in China, effective for all exports and imports of sea freight container traffic since January 1, 2009. The new rules will have significant impact on the logistics flows of exporters and importers alike. Specifically, the reporting requirements timelines are likely to result in increased costs in cargo processing at wharves that traders will have to bear; place added pressure on storage facilities at wharves, or at container depots; and may additionally increase the amount of inventory buffer because of the timing of the data reporting requirements. The paper concludes that security needs have prevailed over trade facilitation considerations and that traders should urgently implement a review of existing practices to ensure they comply with the China Customs requirements, whilst simultaneously minimizing cost increases.
基金Kristianstad University The Research Board Kristianstad University
文摘This study illuminates nine psychiatric disabled persons’ lived experience of a newly established community-based service center open around the clock. This new 24-hour support center (SC) was established in 2011 in a Swedish community to better match and facilitate the disabled persons’ needs. In order to illuminate the disabled person’s experiences individual interview was performed. A phenomenological-hermeneutical method inspired by Paul Ricoeur was used to interpret the texts. After a naive reading, a structural analysis revealed two themes: 1), becoming aware of myself as a person, and 2) having a lifeline and belongingness. The comprehensive understanding was interpreted as meaning “Making me feel almost like an ordinary person”, which incorporated the person’s past with their present together with a direction for the future and hope for a more fulfilling life.
文摘Objective To retrospectively review the experience of esophageal manometry and 24-hour pH monitoring in e-sophagus surgery. Methods From 1982 to 2010,patients with unspecific chest pain and undergone esophageal surgery were received esophageal manometry and 24-hour pH monitoring. Results Among the patients with
文摘Purpose:.To investigate the clinical significance of 24-hour monitoring of intraocular pressure(IOP).Methods: A total of 571 cases(1055 eyes) undergoing 24-hour monitoring of IOP in the Second People's Hospital of Zhengzhou between June 2012 and March 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Results: Among all 1055 eyes,.298 had suspected glaucoma(28.2%); 390(37.0%) were diagnosed with glaucoma but received no treatment(312 with primary open angle glaucoma(POAG).and 78 with primary angle closure glaucoma(PACG));215(20.4%) were diagnosed with glaucoma and received medical treatment;. 132( 12. 5 %). underwent glaucoma filtration surgery;.and there were 20 others..Through 24-hour IOP monitoring,.104 among 298 cases with suspected glaucoma were diagnosed with normal tension glaucoma(NTG),.110 with POAG,.and 28 with the secondary glaucoma..Condition assessment and treatment plans were presented for 390 glaucoma cases receiving no treatment..Adjustment was made in the medical treatment of 138 eyes..Following glaucoma filtration surgery,.52 eyes received clinical advice on subsequent treatment.Conclusion: The simplified 24-hour IOP monitoring method is readily accepted by patients,.which is of great significance for providing guidance on the diagnosis of glaucoma and the assessment of the efficacy of glaucoma surgery..However,one-time 24-hour IOP monitoring is not sufficiently efficacious to make a definite diagnosis of NTG..Therefore,.long-term follow-up and repeated 24-hour IOP monitoring are required to diagnose NTG,.along with a variety of related examinations.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016 YFC1300101)。
文摘Importance:Several methods have been established in recent decades that allow use of spot urine to estimate dietary sodium intake.However,their accuracies have been controversial in children.Objective:To validate the performance of three commonly used methods-the Kawasaki,Tanaka,and International Cooperative Study on Salt,Other Factors,and Blood Pressure(INTERSALT)methods.Additionally,this study explored the accuracies of the Tanaka and INTERSALT methods by using spot urine samples taken at four separate times.Method:Forty-one adolescents aged 14 to 16 years completed two non-consecutive 24-hour urine collections and their mean values were used as reference data.The second-morning urine was used for assessment with the Kawasaki method;a casual spot urine and spot urine samples taken at four separate times(morning,afternoon,evening,and overnight)were used for assessment with the Tanaka and INTERSALT methods.Results:The mean differences were 1801 mg,542 mg,47 mg,and-31 mg for the Kawasaki,Tanaka,INTERSALT 1(with potassium),and INTERSALT2(without potassium)methods with their required spot urine,respectively.The proportions of relative difference levels within±10%were 4.9%for the Kawasaki method,19.5%for the Tanaka method,36.6%for the INTERSALT 1 method,and 36.6%for the INTERSALT2 method.Interpretation:The INTERSALT method seemed to provide minimally biased estimations of mean population sodium intake with casual spot urine.However,there is a need to be cautious regarding inconsistencies in estimation among different levels of sodium intake.The methods assessed in this study were unable to accurately estimate sodium intake at the individual level.
基金supported by two grants from the Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of Hunan Province(23YBQ027)the Education Department of Hunan Province(HNJG-2022-0483).
文摘Chronic non-communicable diseases(NCDs)represent a significant impediment to improve life expectancy and remain a focal point in global public health and disease prevention efforts.24-hour movement behaviors,which include sleep,sedentary behavior(SED),and physical activity,underscore the inherent connections between different daily activities and the comprehensive impact of overall movement patterns on health.Evidence suggested that modifying patterns of 24-hour movement behaviors can aid in preventing and attenuating the progression of NCDs.This study systematically delineated the concept,evolution,analytical methods,and intrinsic associations of 24-hour movement behaviors,emphasizing their pivotal role in the prevention and management of NCDs such as obesity,mental disorders,cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,and renal diseases.Future research endeavors should focus on refining methodologies,broadening study populations,developing research tools,and exploring precise intervention strategies and interdisciplinary approaches to comprehensively enhance the effectiveness of NCDs prevention and management from a temporal perspective.Such efforts are poised to provide substantive guidance and support for public health practices.
