为探究甲基转移酶样21C(methyltransferase like 21C,METTL21C)在小鼠成肌细胞分化过程中的功能,设计2组METTL21C的shRNA干扰序列,构建靶向METTL21C的干扰载体。用慢病毒法侵染小鼠C2C12细胞,筛选获得稳定干扰METTL21C的C2C12细胞株并...为探究甲基转移酶样21C(methyltransferase like 21C,METTL21C)在小鼠成肌细胞分化过程中的功能,设计2组METTL21C的shRNA干扰序列,构建靶向METTL21C的干扰载体。用慢病毒法侵染小鼠C2C12细胞,筛选获得稳定干扰METTL21C的C2C12细胞株并检测干扰效率,经过20 mL/L马血清诱导细胞分化后用实时荧光定量PCR及Western blot技术检测成肌分化相关基因表达。结果表明,成功构建两组靶向METTL21C的慢病毒干扰载体,实时荧光定量PCR及Western blot结果显示干扰组细胞中METTL21C表达水平均极显著降低(P<0.01),shRNA1组干扰效率最高(73.6%)。干扰组细胞中成肌分化标志基因MyoG、MyoD、Myf5、MRF4表达水平均极显著降低,MEF2C表达水平下调更为明显(P<0.01)。慢肌标志基因MYH7表达水平也极显著降低(P<0.01)。说明METTL21C促进小鼠成肌细胞分化,其通过调控MEF2的表达影响MRFS家族基因从而影响成肌分化。展开更多
Understanding, quantifying, and forecasting water flow and its behavior in environment is made possible by the use of computational hydraulics in conjunction with numerical models, which is one of the most powerful to...Understanding, quantifying, and forecasting water flow and its behavior in environment is made possible by the use of computational hydraulics in conjunction with numerical models, which is one of the most powerful tools currently available. It is made up of simple to complex mathematical equations having linear and/or nonlinear elements, as well as ordinary and partial differential equations, and it is used to solve problems in many areas. In the vast majority of cases, it is not useful to reach analytical solutions to these mathematical equations using conventional methods. In these settings, mathematical models are solved by employing a variety of numerical algorithms and associated schemes. As a result, in this manuscript, we will cover the most fundamental numerical approach, the Finite Difference Method (FDM), in order to reformulate the governing equations for water and sediment flow from a system of partial differential equations to a system of linear equations. As part of our analysis into the inner workings of a computer program known as MIKE 21C, we will attempt to gain a better understanding of the hydrodynamic processes that take place in major rivers in Bangladesh. In addition to that, we will go over some of the most commonly used morphological studies that have been conducted on Bangladesh’s major rivers, including morphological solutions that have been developed in response to water supply concerns.展开更多
mobilization of body fat is essential for energy homeostasis in animals. In insects, the adipokinetic hormone （Akh） systemically controls body fat mobilization. Biochemical evidence supports that Akh signals via a G...mobilization of body fat is essential for energy homeostasis in animals. In insects, the adipokinetic hormone （Akh） systemically controls body fat mobilization. Biochemical evidence supports that Akh signals via a G protein-coupled receptor （GPCR） called Akh receptor （AkhR） using cyclic-AMP （cAMP） and Ca2＋ second messengers to induce storage lipid release from fat body cells. Recently, we provided genetic evidence that the intracellular calcium （iCa2＋） level in fat storage cells controls adiposity in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. However, little is known about the genes, which mediate Akh signalling downstream of the AkhR to regulate changes in iCa2＋. Here, we used thermogenetics to provide in vivo evidence that the GPCR signal transducers G protein α q subunit （Gαq）, G protein γ1 （Gγ1） and Phospholipase C at 21C （Plc21C） control cellular and organismal fat storage in Drosophila. Transgenic modulation of Gαq, Gγ1 and Plc21C affected the iCa2＋ of fat body cells and the expression profile of the lipid metabolism effector genes midway and brummer, which results in severely obese or lean flies. Moreover, functional impairment of Gαq, Gγ1 and Plc21C antagonised Akh-induced fat depletion. This study characterizes Gαq, Gγ1 and Plc21C as anti-obesity genes and supports the model that Akh employs the Gαq/Gγ1/Plc21C module of iCa2＋ control to regulate lipid mobilization in adult Drosophila.展开更多
Understanding the morphological dynamics in highly braided rivers,like the Brahmaputra,is crucial for effective river management.To gain this understanding,data is essential for mathematical modeling,enabling short an...Understanding the morphological dynamics in highly braided rivers,like the Brahmaputra,is crucial for effective river management.To gain this understanding,data is essential for mathematical modeling,enabling short and medium-term predictions of morphological changes.Our study focused on the Palasbari-Gumi stretch of the Brahmaputra River,utilizing a two-dimensional morphological model(MIKE-21C).Our objectives were to predict erosion patterns,plan protective measures,and anticipate morphological changes.Author conducted multiple models runs under various hydrological scenarios.For coarse sand,the model projected an annual sediment load of 257 Mt/year in 2021,with a bankfull discharge of 314 Mt/year.Historical records noted 400 Mt/year sediment load in the Brahmaputra.Importantly,our model's predictions closely matched empirical data,especially regarding ADCP velocities,design flood levels,and annual sediment load.Peak model velocities deviated by less than 9%from ADCP measurements,predominantly within acceptable limits.Predicted flood levels for bankfull discharge conditions achieved nearly 96%accuracy at the Gumi site.This study highlights the role of predictive modeling in guiding river training measures,especially in dynamic braided river systems like the Brahmaputra,over a two-3 year horizon.展开更多
Current materials comprising suture anchors used to reconstruct ligament-bone junctions still have limitation in biocompatibility,degradability or mechanical properties.Magnesium alloys are potential bone implant mate...Current materials comprising suture anchors used to reconstruct ligament-bone junctions still have limitation in biocompatibility,degradability or mechanical properties.Magnesium alloys are potential bone implant materials,and Mg^(2+) has been shown to promote ligament-bone healing.Here,we used Mg-2 wt.%Zn-0.5 wt.%Y-1 wt.%Nd-0.5 wt.%Zr(ZE21C)alloy and Ti6Al4V(TC4)alloy to prepare suture anchors to reconstruct the patellar ligament-tibia in SD rats.We studied the degradation behavior of the ZE21C suture anchor via in vitro and in vivo experiments and assessed its reparative effect on the ligament-bone junction.In vitro,the ZE21C suture anchor degraded gradually,and calcium and phosphorus products accumulated on its surface during degradation.In vivo,the ZE21C suture anchor could maintain its mechanical integrity within 12 weeks of implantation in rats.The tail of the ZE21C suture anchor in high stress concentration degraded rapidly during the early implantation stage(0-4weeks),while bone healing accelerated the degradation of the anchor head in the late implantation stage(4-12weeks).Radiological,histological,and biomechanical assays indicated that the ZE21C suture anchor promoted bone healing above the suture anchor and fibrocartilaginous interface regeneration in the ligament-bone junction,leading to better biomechanical strength than the TC4 group.Hence,this study provides a basis for further research on the clinical application of degradable magnesium alloy suture anchors.展开更多
文摘Understanding, quantifying, and forecasting water flow and its behavior in environment is made possible by the use of computational hydraulics in conjunction with numerical models, which is one of the most powerful tools currently available. It is made up of simple to complex mathematical equations having linear and/or nonlinear elements, as well as ordinary and partial differential equations, and it is used to solve problems in many areas. In the vast majority of cases, it is not useful to reach analytical solutions to these mathematical equations using conventional methods. In these settings, mathematical models are solved by employing a variety of numerical algorithms and associated schemes. As a result, in this manuscript, we will cover the most fundamental numerical approach, the Finite Difference Method (FDM), in order to reformulate the governing equations for water and sediment flow from a system of partial differential equations to a system of linear equations. As part of our analysis into the inner workings of a computer program known as MIKE 21C, we will attempt to gain a better understanding of the hydrodynamic processes that take place in major rivers in Bangladesh. In addition to that, we will go over some of the most commonly used morphological studies that have been conducted on Bangladesh’s major rivers, including morphological solutions that have been developed in response to water supply concerns.
基金supported by the Max Planck Society and by the German research foundation(No.DFG KU 2866/1-1 toR.P.K.)
文摘mobilization of body fat is essential for energy homeostasis in animals. In insects, the adipokinetic hormone （Akh） systemically controls body fat mobilization. Biochemical evidence supports that Akh signals via a G protein-coupled receptor （GPCR） called Akh receptor （AkhR） using cyclic-AMP （cAMP） and Ca2＋ second messengers to induce storage lipid release from fat body cells. Recently, we provided genetic evidence that the intracellular calcium （iCa2＋） level in fat storage cells controls adiposity in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. However, little is known about the genes, which mediate Akh signalling downstream of the AkhR to regulate changes in iCa2＋. Here, we used thermogenetics to provide in vivo evidence that the GPCR signal transducers G protein α q subunit （Gαq）, G protein γ1 （Gγ1） and Phospholipase C at 21C （Plc21C） control cellular and organismal fat storage in Drosophila. Transgenic modulation of Gαq, Gγ1 and Plc21C affected the iCa2＋ of fat body cells and the expression profile of the lipid metabolism effector genes midway and brummer, which results in severely obese or lean flies. Moreover, functional impairment of Gαq, Gγ1 and Plc21C antagonised Akh-induced fat depletion. This study characterizes Gαq, Gγ1 and Plc21C as anti-obesity genes and supports the model that Akh employs the Gαq/Gγ1/Plc21C module of iCa2＋ control to regulate lipid mobilization in adult Drosophila.
文摘Understanding the morphological dynamics in highly braided rivers,like the Brahmaputra,is crucial for effective river management.To gain this understanding,data is essential for mathematical modeling,enabling short and medium-term predictions of morphological changes.Our study focused on the Palasbari-Gumi stretch of the Brahmaputra River,utilizing a two-dimensional morphological model(MIKE-21C).Our objectives were to predict erosion patterns,plan protective measures,and anticipate morphological changes.Author conducted multiple models runs under various hydrological scenarios.For coarse sand,the model projected an annual sediment load of 257 Mt/year in 2021,with a bankfull discharge of 314 Mt/year.Historical records noted 400 Mt/year sediment load in the Brahmaputra.Importantly,our model's predictions closely matched empirical data,especially regarding ADCP velocities,design flood levels,and annual sediment load.Peak model velocities deviated by less than 9%from ADCP measurements,predominantly within acceptable limits.Predicted flood levels for bankfull discharge conditions achieved nearly 96%accuracy at the Gumi site.This study highlights the role of predictive modeling in guiding river training measures,especially in dynamic braided river systems like the Brahmaputra,over a two-3 year horizon.
基金supported by Scientific and Technological Project in Henan Province(212102310236,202102210015)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51701184,51671175)+1 种基金the Key Projects of the Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1804251)the Postgraduate Independent Innovation Project of Zhengzhou University(20211203).
文摘Current materials comprising suture anchors used to reconstruct ligament-bone junctions still have limitation in biocompatibility,degradability or mechanical properties.Magnesium alloys are potential bone implant materials,and Mg^(2+) has been shown to promote ligament-bone healing.Here,we used Mg-2 wt.%Zn-0.5 wt.%Y-1 wt.%Nd-0.5 wt.%Zr(ZE21C)alloy and Ti6Al4V(TC4)alloy to prepare suture anchors to reconstruct the patellar ligament-tibia in SD rats.We studied the degradation behavior of the ZE21C suture anchor via in vitro and in vivo experiments and assessed its reparative effect on the ligament-bone junction.In vitro,the ZE21C suture anchor degraded gradually,and calcium and phosphorus products accumulated on its surface during degradation.In vivo,the ZE21C suture anchor could maintain its mechanical integrity within 12 weeks of implantation in rats.The tail of the ZE21C suture anchor in high stress concentration degraded rapidly during the early implantation stage(0-4weeks),while bone healing accelerated the degradation of the anchor head in the late implantation stage(4-12weeks).Radiological,histological,and biomechanical assays indicated that the ZE21C suture anchor promoted bone healing above the suture anchor and fibrocartilaginous interface regeneration in the ligament-bone junction,leading to better biomechanical strength than the TC4 group.Hence,this study provides a basis for further research on the clinical application of degradable magnesium alloy suture anchors.
