Africa is a developing economy and as such, emphasis has been placed on the achievement of revolutionary goals that will place her on a similar rank as the developed economies. Pertaining to this objective, Heads of S...Africa is a developing economy and as such, emphasis has been placed on the achievement of revolutionary goals that will place her on a similar rank as the developed economies. Pertaining to this objective, Heads of States and government all over Africa instigated the African Union (AU) Agenda 2063, which is a framework put in place to achieve a continental transformation over the next 40 years. The use of satellites has been proven to be a major influence on economic growth since it facilitates the exchange of information. Environmental hazards such as climate changes, pollution, and inefficient waste management can be classified as one of the drawbacks to achieving this economic growth we hope to accomplish. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and examine satellite communication as a tool for the attainment of an integrated, prosperous and peaceful Africa by means of combatting environmental hazards in the continent.展开更多
BACKGROUND Mycoplasma pneumoniae(M.pneumoniae)is considered to be one of the causative agents of community acquired pneumonia in children with general or severe course of disease.Severe M.pneumoniae pneumonia(SMPP)has...BACKGROUND Mycoplasma pneumoniae(M.pneumoniae)is considered to be one of the causative agents of community acquired pneumonia in children with general or severe course of disease.Severe M.pneumoniae pneumonia(SMPP)has emerged as a crucial global health concern due to high mortality rate in children under 5 years,potentially life-threatening complications,and growing challenges in pediatric treatment associated with rising macrolide resistance.Additionally,MPP can be complicated by other bacterial and/or viral pathogens,which may exacerbate disease severity.After the lifting of strict non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)worldwide,the dramatic rise of incidence of MPP in Asia and Europe was observed.AIM To perform the comprehensive study of community acquired MPP cases registered in 2023 in Baoding Hospital,China.METHODS A total of 1160 children from 1 month to 15 years old with confirmed MPP diagnosis were enrolled in the study.The blood and respiratory samples were collected within the 24 hours after admission.The hematological parameters,biochemical markers,cytokine profiles were assessed.The respiratory samples were tested for the presence of M.pneumoniae and other 23 bacterial/viral pathogens by multiplex polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The macrolide resistance mutations(A2063G,A2064G in the 23S rRNA gene of M.pneumoniae)were determined by PCR.RESULTS Number of MPP cases has dramatically increased starting August with peak in November.SMPP and general MPP(GMPP)were identified in 264 and 896 of 1160 hospitalized children.The binary logistic regression analysis identified six[C-reactive protein(CRP),lactate dehydrogenase,procalcitonin,erythrocyte sedimentation rate,fibrin and fibrinogen degradation products(FDPs),D-dimer]and four(neutrophils,CRP,FDPs,prothrombin time)predictors of SMPP in age groups 2-5 years and 6-15 years,respectively.Children with SMPP showed significantly higher levels of cytokine interleukin(IL)-17F(2-5 years),and cytokines interferon-gamma,tumor necrosis factoralpha,IL-10(6-13 years).Concomitant viral/bacterial pathogens were determined in 24.3%and 28.0%cases of SMPP and GMPP.Among them,Streptococcus pneumoniae(S.pneumoniae)and Haemophilus influenzae(H.influenzae)were predominant.93.2%cases of MPP were associated with macrolide resistant M.pneumoniae.CONCLUSION Specific MPP epidemiological pattern associated with lifting NPIs was revealed:Increase of hospitalized cases,prevalence of S.pneumoniae and H.influenzae among concomitant pathogens,93.2%of macrolide resistant M.pneumonia.展开更多
文摘Africa is a developing economy and as such, emphasis has been placed on the achievement of revolutionary goals that will place her on a similar rank as the developed economies. Pertaining to this objective, Heads of States and government all over Africa instigated the African Union (AU) Agenda 2063, which is a framework put in place to achieve a continental transformation over the next 40 years. The use of satellites has been proven to be a major influence on economic growth since it facilitates the exchange of information. Environmental hazards such as climate changes, pollution, and inefficient waste management can be classified as one of the drawbacks to achieving this economic growth we hope to accomplish. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and examine satellite communication as a tool for the attainment of an integrated, prosperous and peaceful Africa by means of combatting environmental hazards in the continent.
基金Supported by Baoding Science and Technology Plan Project,No.2272P011Hebei Province Scientific Research Project,No.20241734Hebei Natural Science Foundation Project,No.H2024104011.
文摘BACKGROUND Mycoplasma pneumoniae(M.pneumoniae)is considered to be one of the causative agents of community acquired pneumonia in children with general or severe course of disease.Severe M.pneumoniae pneumonia(SMPP)has emerged as a crucial global health concern due to high mortality rate in children under 5 years,potentially life-threatening complications,and growing challenges in pediatric treatment associated with rising macrolide resistance.Additionally,MPP can be complicated by other bacterial and/or viral pathogens,which may exacerbate disease severity.After the lifting of strict non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)worldwide,the dramatic rise of incidence of MPP in Asia and Europe was observed.AIM To perform the comprehensive study of community acquired MPP cases registered in 2023 in Baoding Hospital,China.METHODS A total of 1160 children from 1 month to 15 years old with confirmed MPP diagnosis were enrolled in the study.The blood and respiratory samples were collected within the 24 hours after admission.The hematological parameters,biochemical markers,cytokine profiles were assessed.The respiratory samples were tested for the presence of M.pneumoniae and other 23 bacterial/viral pathogens by multiplex polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The macrolide resistance mutations(A2063G,A2064G in the 23S rRNA gene of M.pneumoniae)were determined by PCR.RESULTS Number of MPP cases has dramatically increased starting August with peak in November.SMPP and general MPP(GMPP)were identified in 264 and 896 of 1160 hospitalized children.The binary logistic regression analysis identified six[C-reactive protein(CRP),lactate dehydrogenase,procalcitonin,erythrocyte sedimentation rate,fibrin and fibrinogen degradation products(FDPs),D-dimer]and four(neutrophils,CRP,FDPs,prothrombin time)predictors of SMPP in age groups 2-5 years and 6-15 years,respectively.Children with SMPP showed significantly higher levels of cytokine interleukin(IL)-17F(2-5 years),and cytokines interferon-gamma,tumor necrosis factoralpha,IL-10(6-13 years).Concomitant viral/bacterial pathogens were determined in 24.3%and 28.0%cases of SMPP and GMPP.Among them,Streptococcus pneumoniae(S.pneumoniae)and Haemophilus influenzae(H.influenzae)were predominant.93.2%cases of MPP were associated with macrolide resistant M.pneumoniae.CONCLUSION Specific MPP epidemiological pattern associated with lifting NPIs was revealed:Increase of hospitalized cases,prevalence of S.pneumoniae and H.influenzae among concomitant pathogens,93.2%of macrolide resistant M.pneumonia.
