The dielectric property of organic reagent is key to the study of Microwave-assisatant organic synthesization.The data of complex permittivity of these organic reagents can not be obtained easy.The complex permittvity...The dielectric property of organic reagent is key to the study of Microwave-assisatant organic synthesization.The data of complex permittivity of these organic reagents can not be obtained easy.The complex permittvity of these organic regents were measured in 2.45 GHz by cavity perturbation method.The result shows that the real and imaginary parts of the permittivity of alcohol are larger than others.The real part of the complex permittivity of ketone is larger and the imaginary part is smaller.The real and imaginary parts of the permittivity of acid are smaller.The real and imaginary parts of the permittivity of alkyl and benzene are the smallest.The real part and the imaginary parts of the permittivity of all decrease while the increasing of the number of carbon’s chain.The analysis and the measurement offer high helps in the microwave assistant organic synthesization.展开更多
Recently H_(2)^(+)ion beam finds widespread use in many fields,and the demand of high-current H_(2)^(+)ion sources is urgent for numerous applications.However,there are currently almost no reported ion sources capable...Recently H_(2)^(+)ion beam finds widespread use in many fields,and the demand of high-current H_(2)^(+)ion sources is urgent for numerous applications.However,there are currently almost no reported ion sources capable of generating a directcurrent(DC)H_(2)^(+)beam with tens of mA current.In previous work at Peking University(PKU),H_(2)^(+)ion beams with a current of over 40 mA have been obtained in pulse mode,and a current of 16 mA was achieved in DC mode.In this paper,we report the generation of a DC H_(2)^(+)ion beam with a current of 22 mA extracted from an improved miniaturized microwave driven ion source(MMDIS).Beam analysis shows that the H_(2)^(+)fraction in the extracted beam is about 70%.The emittance of the mixed hydrogen beam is about 0.12π·mm·mrad.These results provide references for the applications of H_(2)^(+)beam and the design of H_(2)^(+)ion source.展开更多
随着我国核科学与核技术的发展,高丰度同位素的产量无法满足市场需求,极大地限制了相关领域的发展。因此,迫切需要发展高产额、高效率的电磁同位素分离装置。离子源作为电磁同位素分离器中的关键部分,其性能直接影响目标同位素的分离与...随着我国核科学与核技术的发展,高丰度同位素的产量无法满足市场需求,极大地限制了相关领域的发展。因此,迫切需要发展高产额、高效率的电磁同位素分离装置。离子源作为电磁同位素分离器中的关键部分,其性能直接影响目标同位素的分离与产额。设计了一台2.45 GHz微波驱动的离子源用于稳定同位素电磁分离器的注入,目标是在引出能量40 keV下产生20 emA Xe^(+)及5 emA Mo^(+)。为了获得高密度等离子体,设计了双线包螺线管产生放电磁场,并通过仿真软件CST微波模块计算优化了高耦合效率的磁场位型和匹配波导。为了产生强流金属离子束,设计了内置放电室坩埚熔化金属氧化物。模拟结果表明:当加热丝电流为70 A时,坩埚温度最高为917℃,可以高效地产生金属钼蒸气,进入放电室进行离化。展开更多
In this study,uniform diamond films with a diameter of 100 mm were deposited in a 15 kW/2.45 GHz ellipsoidal microwave plasma chemical vapour deposition system.A phenomenological model previously developed by our grou...In this study,uniform diamond films with a diameter of 100 mm were deposited in a 15 kW/2.45 GHz ellipsoidal microwave plasma chemical vapour deposition system.A phenomenological model previously developed by our group was used to simulate the distribution of the electric strength and electron density of plasma.Results indicate that the electric field in the cavity includes multiple modes,i.e.TM_(02) and TM_(03).When the gas pressure exceeds 10 kPa,the electron density of plasma increases and plasma volume decreases.A T-shaped substrate was developed to achieve uniform temperature,and the substrate was suspended in air fromφ70 to 100 mm,thus eliminating vertical heat dissipation.An edge electric field was added to the system after the introduction of the T-shaped substrate.Moreover,the plasma volume in this case was greater than that in the central electric field but smaller than that in the periphery electric field of the TM_(02) mode.This indicates that the electric field above and below the edge benefits the plasma volume rather than the periphery electric field of the TM_(02) mode.The quality,uniformity and surface morphology of the deposited diamond films were primarily investigated to maintain substrate temperature uniformity.When employing the improved substrate,the thickness unevenness of theφ100 mm diamond film decreased from 22%to 7%.展开更多
The aim of the present work was to investigate the synergetic effect of microwave and ultrasound treatment on the production, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of rose essential oil. The rose essential oil...The aim of the present work was to investigate the synergetic effect of microwave and ultrasound treatment on the production, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of rose essential oil. The rose essential oil was extracted from fresh Rosa x damciscena Mill. petals by four methods, hydrodistillation, steam distillation, organic solvent extraction and ultrasounds followed by microwave hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of the extracts was analysed by GC-MS, and the antioxidant capacity by DPPH. It was found that both chemical composition and the antioxidant activity of the extracts depend on the extraction method. Overall it was found that microwaves coupled with ultrasonic treatment can be used effectively for the intensification of the extraction of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes--fragrance bearing molecules--and equally, for increased antioxidant activity while using about 4 time shorter extraction time. The scale-up of the method was also evaluated. The results obtained in this research support the possible use of the US/MW method for the extraction of rose essential oil for the pharmaceutical and fragrance industry.展开更多
The superconducting tokamak HT-7U [1] has been designed by the Institute of Plasma Physics since 1998 and will be set up before 2003. The 1.2 MW /2.45 GHz HT-7U LHCD (Lower hybrid current drive) system which being the...The superconducting tokamak HT-7U [1] has been designed by the Institute of Plasma Physics since 1998 and will be set up before 2003. The 1.2 MW /2.45 GHz HT-7U LHCD (Lower hybrid current drive) system which being the most efficient non-induction device can heat the plasma and drive the plasma current has been efficiently in operation 'owl and a particular design of the 2.8 MW/-35 kV high-voltage DC power supply has been already completed and will apply to the klystron of LHCD on HT-7 and the future HT-7U, and the project of the power supply has been examined and approved professionally by an authorized group of high-level specialist in the institute of Plasma Physics. The detailed design of the power supply and the simulation results are referred in the paper.展开更多
A novel surface wave plasma （SWP） source excited with cylindrical Teflon waveguide has been developed in our previous work. The plasma characteristics have been simply studied. In this work, our experimental device ...A novel surface wave plasma （SWP） source excited with cylindrical Teflon waveguide has been developed in our previous work. The plasma characteristics have been simply studied. In this work, our experimental device has been significantly improved by replacing the Teflon waveguide with a quartz rod, and then better microwave coupling and higher gas purity can be obtained during plasma discharge. The plasma spatial distributions, both in radial and axial directions, have been measured and the effect of gas pressure has been investigated. Plasma density profiles indicate that this plasma source can produce uniform plasma in an axial direction at low pressure, which shows its potential in plasma processing on a curved surface such as an inner tube wall. A simplified circular waveguide model has been used to explain the principle of plasma excitation. The distinguishing features and potential application of this kind of plasma source with a hardware improvement have been shown.展开更多
In the beginning of the 90s,T.Taylor and his collaborators demonstrated ECR sources operating at low frequency(i.e.2.45GHz)are able to produce very intense single charge light ion beams. At CEA/Saclay,the SILHI source...In the beginning of the 90s,T.Taylor and his collaborators demonstrated ECR sources operating at low frequency(i.e.2.45GHz)are able to produce very intense single charge light ion beams. At CEA/Saclay,the SILHI source developments started in 1995.Since 1997 more than 100mA proton or deuteron beams are routinely produced in pulsed or continuous mode.To comply with ADS reliability constraint,important improvements have been performed to increase the installation reliability.Moreover,to optimize the beam transport in the low energy beam line,the extraction system was carefully designed and space charge compensation studies were undertaken.An important step has been reached in 2005 with the development of a permanent magnet source able to produce a total beam of 109mA at 85kV. A new test bench named BETSI,especially dedicated to permanent magnet source developments,is presently under construction.It will allow analysing positive or negative extracted beams up to 50keV and 100mA. In addition,for several years work has been done to optimize the production of negative hydrogen ion beam with such an ECR source.Recent analysis pushed towards the construction of a new set up based on a multicusp magnetic configuration. After a brief overview of the CEA/Saclay source developments,this article will point out on the recent results and present status.展开更多
Multi-charged helium ion beam He2＋ is useful for helium accelerator to obtain a higher energy with lower cost and for deuterium accelerator to avoid neutron activation during machine commissioning. An attempt to gene...Multi-charged helium ion beam He2＋ is useful for helium accelerator to obtain a higher energy with lower cost and for deuterium accelerator to avoid neutron activation during machine commissioning. An attempt to generate milliampere multi-charged helium He2＋ ion beam with a 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source （ECRIS） was tested recently. A design using a specfic permanent magnet 2.45 GHz ECRIS （PMECRIS） source （ERCIS） is reported and the He2~ beam production ability is described. With this source, we produced a total helium beam of 40 mA at 40 kV with 180 W of net microwave power and a gas flow of less than 0.5 seem. At steady state the He2＋ beam intensity is 4.4 rnA, that being the fraction of multi-charged he- lium ion beam is at approximately 11%.展开更多
The generation of plasma in a microwave ion source involves confining electrons using a static magnetic field and energizing them with an electromagnetic field that transmitted into the plasma chamber.However,accordin...The generation of plasma in a microwave ion source involves confining electrons using a static magnetic field and energizing them with an electromagnetic field that transmitted into the plasma chamber.However,according to electromagnetics theory,there is always a cut-off size in circular wave guides for a given frequency.For a 2.45 GHz microwave,this dimension is 72 mm,which should theoretically prevent transmission of the microwave into the discharge chamber and no plasma can be generated.Since 2006 Peking University(PKU)has successfully developed a series of permanent magnet 2.45 GHz microwave ion sources(PKU PMECRs)with a discharge chamber less than 50 mm,capable of delivering tens of mA beams for accelerators.To explain this anomalous phenomenon,a hybrid discharge heating(HDH)mode that combines surface wave plasma and electron cyclotron heating has been proposed.This HDH mode not only successfully explains PKU PMECRs,but also predicts that the optimized inner diameter of the plasma chamber is 24 mm,which is confirmed by experiments involving different liners in the miniaturized microwave ion source.展开更多
文摘The dielectric property of organic reagent is key to the study of Microwave-assisatant organic synthesization.The data of complex permittivity of these organic reagents can not be obtained easy.The complex permittvity of these organic regents were measured in 2.45 GHz by cavity perturbation method.The result shows that the real and imaginary parts of the permittivity of alcohol are larger than others.The real part of the complex permittivity of ketone is larger and the imaginary part is smaller.The real and imaginary parts of the permittivity of acid are smaller.The real and imaginary parts of the permittivity of alkyl and benzene are the smallest.The real part and the imaginary parts of the permittivity of all decrease while the increasing of the number of carbon’s chain.The analysis and the measurement offer high helps in the microwave assistant organic synthesization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11975036)support from the State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology at PKU.
文摘Recently H_(2)^(+)ion beam finds widespread use in many fields,and the demand of high-current H_(2)^(+)ion sources is urgent for numerous applications.However,there are currently almost no reported ion sources capable of generating a directcurrent(DC)H_(2)^(+)beam with tens of mA current.In previous work at Peking University(PKU),H_(2)^(+)ion beams with a current of over 40 mA have been obtained in pulse mode,and a current of 16 mA was achieved in DC mode.In this paper,we report the generation of a DC H_(2)^(+)ion beam with a current of 22 mA extracted from an improved miniaturized microwave driven ion source(MMDIS).Beam analysis shows that the H_(2)^(+)fraction in the extracted beam is about 70%.The emittance of the mixed hydrogen beam is about 0.12π·mm·mrad.These results provide references for the applications of H_(2)^(+)beam and the design of H_(2)^(+)ion source.
文摘随着我国核科学与核技术的发展,高丰度同位素的产量无法满足市场需求,极大地限制了相关领域的发展。因此,迫切需要发展高产额、高效率的电磁同位素分离装置。离子源作为电磁同位素分离器中的关键部分,其性能直接影响目标同位素的分离与产额。设计了一台2.45 GHz微波驱动的离子源用于稳定同位素电磁分离器的注入,目标是在引出能量40 keV下产生20 emA Xe^(+)及5 emA Mo^(+)。为了获得高密度等离子体,设计了双线包螺线管产生放电磁场,并通过仿真软件CST微波模块计算优化了高耦合效率的磁场位型和匹配波导。为了产生强流金属离子束,设计了内置放电室坩埚熔化金属氧化物。模拟结果表明:当加热丝电流为70 A时,坩埚温度最高为917℃,可以高效地产生金属钼蒸气,进入放电室进行离化。
基金sponsored by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFE03100200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.5210020483)+1 种基金Postdoc Research Foundation of Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing(No.2020BH015)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-MP-20-48)。
文摘In this study,uniform diamond films with a diameter of 100 mm were deposited in a 15 kW/2.45 GHz ellipsoidal microwave plasma chemical vapour deposition system.A phenomenological model previously developed by our group was used to simulate the distribution of the electric strength and electron density of plasma.Results indicate that the electric field in the cavity includes multiple modes,i.e.TM_(02) and TM_(03).When the gas pressure exceeds 10 kPa,the electron density of plasma increases and plasma volume decreases.A T-shaped substrate was developed to achieve uniform temperature,and the substrate was suspended in air fromφ70 to 100 mm,thus eliminating vertical heat dissipation.An edge electric field was added to the system after the introduction of the T-shaped substrate.Moreover,the plasma volume in this case was greater than that in the central electric field but smaller than that in the periphery electric field of the TM_(02) mode.This indicates that the electric field above and below the edge benefits the plasma volume rather than the periphery electric field of the TM_(02) mode.The quality,uniformity and surface morphology of the deposited diamond films were primarily investigated to maintain substrate temperature uniformity.When employing the improved substrate,the thickness unevenness of theφ100 mm diamond film decreased from 22%to 7%.
文摘The aim of the present work was to investigate the synergetic effect of microwave and ultrasound treatment on the production, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of rose essential oil. The rose essential oil was extracted from fresh Rosa x damciscena Mill. petals by four methods, hydrodistillation, steam distillation, organic solvent extraction and ultrasounds followed by microwave hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of the extracts was analysed by GC-MS, and the antioxidant capacity by DPPH. It was found that both chemical composition and the antioxidant activity of the extracts depend on the extraction method. Overall it was found that microwaves coupled with ultrasonic treatment can be used effectively for the intensification of the extraction of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes--fragrance bearing molecules--and equally, for increased antioxidant activity while using about 4 time shorter extraction time. The scale-up of the method was also evaluated. The results obtained in this research support the possible use of the US/MW method for the extraction of rose essential oil for the pharmaceutical and fragrance industry.
文摘The superconducting tokamak HT-7U [1] has been designed by the Institute of Plasma Physics since 1998 and will be set up before 2003. The 1.2 MW /2.45 GHz HT-7U LHCD (Lower hybrid current drive) system which being the most efficient non-induction device can heat the plasma and drive the plasma current has been efficiently in operation 'owl and a particular design of the 2.8 MW/-35 kV high-voltage DC power supply has been already completed and will apply to the klystron of LHCD on HT-7 and the future HT-7U, and the project of the power supply has been examined and approved professionally by an authorized group of high-level specialist in the institute of Plasma Physics. The detailed design of the power supply and the simulation results are referred in the paper.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science of Foundation of China(Nos.11005021,51177017 and 11175049)the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(No.21110010)+1 种基金the Fudan University Excellent Doctoral Research Program(985 project)the Ph.D Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(No.20120071110031)
文摘A novel surface wave plasma （SWP） source excited with cylindrical Teflon waveguide has been developed in our previous work. The plasma characteristics have been simply studied. In this work, our experimental device has been significantly improved by replacing the Teflon waveguide with a quartz rod, and then better microwave coupling and higher gas purity can be obtained during plasma discharge. The plasma spatial distributions, both in radial and axial directions, have been measured and the effect of gas pressure has been investigated. Plasma density profiles indicate that this plasma source can produce uniform plasma in an axial direction at low pressure, which shows its potential in plasma processing on a curved surface such as an inner tube wall. A simplified circular waveguide model has been used to explain the principle of plasma excitation. The distinguishing features and potential application of this kind of plasma source with a hardware improvement have been shown.
基金Supported by European Union within CARE and HP-NIS contracts
文摘In the beginning of the 90s,T.Taylor and his collaborators demonstrated ECR sources operating at low frequency(i.e.2.45GHz)are able to produce very intense single charge light ion beams. At CEA/Saclay,the SILHI source developments started in 1995.Since 1997 more than 100mA proton or deuteron beams are routinely produced in pulsed or continuous mode.To comply with ADS reliability constraint,important improvements have been performed to increase the installation reliability.Moreover,to optimize the beam transport in the low energy beam line,the extraction system was carefully designed and space charge compensation studies were undertaken.An important step has been reached in 2005 with the development of a permanent magnet source able to produce a total beam of 109mA at 85kV. A new test bench named BETSI,especially dedicated to permanent magnet source developments,is presently under construction.It will allow analysing positive or negative extracted beams up to 50keV and 100mA. In addition,for several years work has been done to optimize the production of negative hydrogen ion beam with such an ECR source.Recent analysis pushed towards the construction of a new set up based on a multicusp magnetic configuration. After a brief overview of the CEA/Saclay source developments,this article will point out on the recent results and present status.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11075008 and 11175009)
文摘Multi-charged helium ion beam He2＋ is useful for helium accelerator to obtain a higher energy with lower cost and for deuterium accelerator to avoid neutron activation during machine commissioning. An attempt to generate milliampere multi-charged helium He2＋ ion beam with a 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source （ECRIS） was tested recently. A design using a specfic permanent magnet 2.45 GHz ECRIS （PMECRIS） source （ERCIS） is reported and the He2~ beam production ability is described. With this source, we produced a total helium beam of 40 mA at 40 kV with 180 W of net microwave power and a gas flow of less than 0.5 seem. At steady state the He2＋ beam intensity is 4.4 rnA, that being the fraction of multi-charged he- lium ion beam is at approximately 11%.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12205019,12147144 and 11975036).The support from State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology,Peking University is appreciated.
文摘The generation of plasma in a microwave ion source involves confining electrons using a static magnetic field and energizing them with an electromagnetic field that transmitted into the plasma chamber.However,according to electromagnetics theory,there is always a cut-off size in circular wave guides for a given frequency.For a 2.45 GHz microwave,this dimension is 72 mm,which should theoretically prevent transmission of the microwave into the discharge chamber and no plasma can be generated.Since 2006 Peking University(PKU)has successfully developed a series of permanent magnet 2.45 GHz microwave ion sources(PKU PMECRs)with a discharge chamber less than 50 mm,capable of delivering tens of mA beams for accelerators.To explain this anomalous phenomenon,a hybrid discharge heating(HDH)mode that combines surface wave plasma and electron cyclotron heating has been proposed.This HDH mode not only successfully explains PKU PMECRs,but also predicts that the optimized inner diameter of the plasma chamber is 24 mm,which is confirmed by experiments involving different liners in the miniaturized microwave ion source.
