Highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)H5 viruses have caused widespread mortality in wild birds and poultry,with increasing spillover risk into mammals.The recently dominant clade 2.3.4.4b has produced multiple epide...Highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)H5 viruses have caused widespread mortality in wild birds and poultry,with increasing spillover risk into mammals.The recently dominant clade 2.3.4.4b has produced multiple epidemic waves,first driven by H5N8 and more recently by H5N1,which has spread more rapidly,infected a broader host range,and caused higher mortality.While earlier studies identified consistent roles of waterbird community composition in shaping HPAI outbreaks,it remains unclear whether these factors also apply to the currently circulating H5N1.We analyzed HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in European wild birds during the 2021/22epidemic,examining the influence of waterbird communities and environmental variables,and compared these patterns with earlier epidemics,including H5N1 in 2005/06 and H5N8 in 2016/17 and 2020/21.Our results showed that waterbird abundance,species richness,and the abundance of key species were positively associated with disease occurrence,whereas phylogenetic diversity was negatively associated,suggesting greater interspecific transmission among closely related hosts.Models trained on earlier epidemics accurately predicted the H5N1 occurrence in 2021/22.These findings demonstrate consistent effects of waterbird community composition across multiple epidemics and highlight their values as predictors of HPAI risk.Integrating community metrics into surveillance and early-warning systems can strengthen our capacity to anticipate future outbreaks across clades and subtypes.展开更多
Background:An epizootic of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1)has spread worldwide since 2022.Even though this virus has been extensively studied for many decades,little is known about its evolution in South Ame...Background:An epizootic of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1)has spread worldwide since 2022.Even though this virus has been extensively studied for many decades,little is known about its evolution in South America.Methods:Here,we describe the sequencing and characterization of 13 H5N1 genomes collected from wild birds,poultry,and wild mammals in Peru during the genomic surveillance of this outbreak.Results:The samples belonged to the highly pathogenic avian influenza(H5N1)2.3.4.4b clade.Chilean and Peruvian samples clustered in the same group and therefore share a common ancestor.An analysis of the hemag-glutinin and neuraminidase genes detected new mutations,some dependent upon the host type.Conclusions:The genomic surveillance of highly pathogenic avian influenza is necessary to promote the One Health policy and to overcome the new problems entailed by climate change,which may alter the habitats of resident and migratory birds.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271605)。
文摘Highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)H5 viruses have caused widespread mortality in wild birds and poultry,with increasing spillover risk into mammals.The recently dominant clade 2.3.4.4b has produced multiple epidemic waves,first driven by H5N8 and more recently by H5N1,which has spread more rapidly,infected a broader host range,and caused higher mortality.While earlier studies identified consistent roles of waterbird community composition in shaping HPAI outbreaks,it remains unclear whether these factors also apply to the currently circulating H5N1.We analyzed HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in European wild birds during the 2021/22epidemic,examining the influence of waterbird communities and environmental variables,and compared these patterns with earlier epidemics,including H5N1 in 2005/06 and H5N8 in 2016/17 and 2020/21.Our results showed that waterbird abundance,species richness,and the abundance of key species were positively associated with disease occurrence,whereas phylogenetic diversity was negatively associated,suggesting greater interspecific transmission among closely related hosts.Models trained on earlier epidemics accurately predicted the H5N1 occurrence in 2021/22.These findings demonstrate consistent effects of waterbird community composition across multiple epidemics and highlight their values as predictors of HPAI risk.Integrating community metrics into surveillance and early-warning systems can strengthen our capacity to anticipate future outbreaks across clades and subtypes.
文摘Background:An epizootic of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1)has spread worldwide since 2022.Even though this virus has been extensively studied for many decades,little is known about its evolution in South America.Methods:Here,we describe the sequencing and characterization of 13 H5N1 genomes collected from wild birds,poultry,and wild mammals in Peru during the genomic surveillance of this outbreak.Results:The samples belonged to the highly pathogenic avian influenza(H5N1)2.3.4.4b clade.Chilean and Peruvian samples clustered in the same group and therefore share a common ancestor.An analysis of the hemag-glutinin and neuraminidase genes detected new mutations,some dependent upon the host type.Conclusions:The genomic surveillance of highly pathogenic avian influenza is necessary to promote the One Health policy and to overcome the new problems entailed by climate change,which may alter the habitats of resident and migratory birds.
