2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) is a stoichiometric oxidant that is frequently used in traditional organic synthesis. Recently, the rapid development of organic electrochemistry has led to new advancem...2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) is a stoichiometric oxidant that is frequently used in traditional organic synthesis. Recently, the rapid development of organic electrochemistry has led to new advancements in DDQ-catalyzed C—H bonds functionalization. Moreover, the challenging C—H functionalization of electron-deficient arenes has been achieved through the merger of electrochemical DDQ catalysis and photoirradiation. In addition, the synthetic utility of electrophotochemical DDQ catalysis was further demonstrated by the nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reaction of unactivated aryl fluorides. The recent developments in electro- and electrophotochemical DDQ-catalyzed C—H/C—F func- tionalizations with attention to their strategies and mechanistic insights are summarized. It is hoped that this not only deepens the understanding of this field, but also helps relevant researchers expand the application scope of DDQ catalysis.展开更多
目的基于核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体3/半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1(NLRP3/caspase-1)信号通路探究二甲双胍对2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并脑卒中患者认知功能的改善作用。方法选取2021年2月至2022年5月就诊于邯郸市中心医院的63例T2DM,按照随机数字表...目的基于核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体3/半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1(NLRP3/caspase-1)信号通路探究二甲双胍对2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并脑卒中患者认知功能的改善作用。方法选取2021年2月至2022年5月就诊于邯郸市中心医院的63例T2DM,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组(n=32)与试验组(n=31),对照组给予钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2抑制剂(SGLT-2i)类药物治疗,试验组在对照组基础上给予二甲双胍治疗,两组患者均连续治疗12周。收集患者临床资料,对比治疗前后两组简易精神量表(MMSE)得分、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)得分、空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、餐后2小时血糖(2 hPBG)、外周单核细胞中NLRP3炎性小体蛋白表达水平、caspase-1蛋白表达水平及血清IL-8、IL-1β水平;采用Pearson线性相关分析治疗后NLRP3、caspase-1、IL-18、IL-1β与FBG的相关性。结果治疗后,试验组MMSE、MoCA得分均增高,且明显高于对照组(P<0.05),试验组FBG、HbA1c、2 h PBG水平低于对照组(P<0.05),试验组NLRP3、caspase-1蛋白水平和IL-18、IL-1β水平较对照组明显更低(P<0.05);经Pearson线性相关分析显示,治疗后NLRP3、caspase-1、IL-18、IL-1β与FBG呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论二甲双胍治疗能够改善T2DM合并脑卒中患者的认知功能,降低血糖水平和炎症反应,这可能与其对NLRP3/caspase-1信号通路的调节作用有关。展开更多
Traumatic brain injury involves complex pathophysiological mechanisms,among which oxidative stress significantly contributes to the occurrence of secondary injury.In this study,we evaluated hypidone hydrochloride(YL-0...Traumatic brain injury involves complex pathophysiological mechanisms,among which oxidative stress significantly contributes to the occurrence of secondary injury.In this study,we evaluated hypidone hydrochloride(YL-0919),a self-developed antidepressant with selective sigma-1 receptor agonist properties,and its associated mechanisms and targets in traumatic brain injury.Behavioral experiments to assess functional deficits were followed by assessment of neuronal damage through histological analyses and examination of blood-brain barrier permeability and brain edema.Next,we investigated the antioxidative effects of YL-0919 by assessing the levels of traditional markers of oxidative stress in vivo in mice and in vitro in HT22 cells.Finally,the targeted action of YL-0919 was verified by employing a sigma-1 receptor antagonist(BD-1047).Our findings demonstrated that YL-0919 markedly improved deficits in motor function and spatial cognition on day 3 post traumatic brain injury,while also decreasing neuronal mortality and reversing blood-brain barrier disruption and brain edema.Furthermore,YL-0919 effectively combated oxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro.The protective effects of YL-0919 were partially inhibited by BD-1047.These results indicated that YL-0919 relieved impairments in motor and spatial cognition by restraining oxidative stress,a neuroprotective effect that was partially reversed by the sigma-1 receptor antagonist BD-1047.YL-0919 may have potential as a new treatment for traumatic brain injury.展开更多
The activation of the sirtuin1(SIRT1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)pathway has been shown to mitigate oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial damage by reducing ...The activation of the sirtuin1(SIRT1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)pathway has been shown to mitigate oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial damage by reducing reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels.Clinical trials have demonstrated that Zhongfeng Xingnao Liquid(ZFXN)ameliorates post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI).However,the underlying mechanism,particularly whether it involves protecting mitochondria and inhibiting apoptosis through the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway,remains unclear.This study employed an oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD)cell model using SHSY5Y cells and induced PSCI in rats through modified bilateral carotid artery ligation(2VO).The effects of ZFXN on learning and memory,neuroprotective activity,mitochondrial function,oxidative stress,and the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway were evaluated both in vivo and in vitro.Results indicated that ZFXN significantly increased the B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl2)/Bcl2-associated X(Bax)ratio,reduced terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP nickend-labeling(TUNEL)+cells,and markedly improved cognition,synaptic plasticity,and neuronal function in the hippocampus and cortex.Furthermore,ZFXN exhibited potent antioxidant activity,evidenced by decreased ROS and malondialdehyde(MDA)content and increased superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and glutathione(GSH)levels.ZFXN also demonstrated considerable enhancement of mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),Tom 20 fluorescence intensity,adenosine triphosphate(ATP)and energy charge(EC)levels,and mitochondrial complexⅠandⅢactivity,thereby inhibiting mitochondrial damage.Additionally,ZFXN significantly increased SIRT1 activity and elevated SIRT1,nuclear Nrf2,and HO-1 levels.Notably,these effects were substantially counteracted when SIRT1 was suppressed by the inhibitor EX-527 in vitro.In conclusion,ZFXN alleviates PSCI by activating the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and preventing mitochondrial damage.展开更多
Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is a major cause of heart failure in diabetic patients.It progresses asymptomatically prior to the onset of severe cardiac symptoms[1];therefore,elucidating the underlying mechanisms of DCM...Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is a major cause of heart failure in diabetic patients.It progresses asymptomatically prior to the onset of severe cardiac symptoms[1];therefore,elucidating the underlying mechanisms of DCM is critical to providing early treatment options.This commentary elaborates on the findings of Jiang et al.[2],who investigated the role of adipokine hormone,Adipsin,as a cardioprotective factor in DCM.We provide an exposition and alternative treatment considerations,like Fisetin,and discuss the potential of investigating other cellular targets implicated in cardiac dysfunction,like the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinaselike 2(Irak2)protein[3]and protein kinase R[4].展开更多
In this article,we comment on an article by Wang et al published in the World Journal of Diabetes.Existing treatments with oral medications can partially mitigate the toxicity of elevated blood glucose levels in patie...In this article,we comment on an article by Wang et al published in the World Journal of Diabetes.Existing treatments with oral medications can partially mitigate the toxicity of elevated blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.However,these patients often require lifelong,costly medications,and many struggle with poor compliance.To address the limitations of pharmacological treatments,laparoscopic jejunal-ileal lateral anastomosis has become increasingly common in clinical practice and generally yields favorable outcomes.This procedure stimulates the secretion of larger amounts of glucagon-like peptide-1 by intestinal L cells,which in turn promotes pancreatic islet cell proliferation,reduces insulin resistance,and effectively controls glucose and lipid metabolism disorders.Nonetheless,further research is needed to fully explore its indications,contraindications,the enhancement of patients'quality of life and patients’satisfaction with the subjective experience of treatment and long-term effects.展开更多
In this paper,we investigate the(2+1)-dimensional three-component long-wave-short-wave resonance interaction system,which describes complex systems and nonlinear wave phenomena in physics.By employing the Hirota bilin...In this paper,we investigate the(2+1)-dimensional three-component long-wave-short-wave resonance interaction system,which describes complex systems and nonlinear wave phenomena in physics.By employing the Hirota bilinear method,we derive the general nondegenerate N-soliton solution of the system,where each short-wave component contains N arbitrary functions of the independent variable y.The presence of these arbitrary functions in the analytical solution enables the construction of a wide range of nondegenerate soliton types.Finally,we illustrate the structural features of several novel nondegenerate solitons,including M-shaped,multiple double-hump,and sawtooth double-striped solitons,as well as interactions between nondegenerate solitons,such as dromion-like solitons and solitoffs,with the aid of figures.展开更多
The electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)is considered a promising technology for converting atmospheric CO_(2)into valuable chemicals.It is a significant way to mitigate the shortage of fossil energy and...The electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)is considered a promising technology for converting atmospheric CO_(2)into valuable chemicals.It is a significant way to mitigate the shortage of fossil energy and store excessive renewable electricity in fuels to maintain carbon neutrality.Considering the substantially reduced cost of clean electricity,C1 molecule unitization has emerged as a competitive strategy for room-temperature electrolysis.However,the practical implementation of CO_(2)RR has been hindered by low desired product selectivity,high overpotential,and undesirable hydrogen evolution reactions(HER).Consequently,it is imperative to execute a timely assessment of advanced strategies in CO_(2)RR,with emphasis on catalytic design strategies,understanding of structure–activity relationships,and deactivation of catalysts.In this context,it is imperative to investigate the intrinsic active sites and reaction mechanisms.This review focuses on the design of novel catalysts and their active sites via operando techniques.The combination of advanced characterization techniques and theoretical calculations provides a high-throughput way to obtain a deeper understanding of the reaction mechanism.Furthermore,optimization of the interplay between the catalyst surface and reaction intermediate disturbs the linear correlation between the adsorption energies of the intermediates,resulting in a convoluted cascade system.The appropriate strategies for CO_(2)RR,challenges,and future approaches are projected in this review to stimulate major innovations.Moreover,the plausible research directions are discussed for producing C_(1)chemicals via electrochemical CO_(2)RR at room temperature.展开更多
Energy shortages and global warming are driving the focus on the greenhouse gases CH_(4)and CO_(2).The main reason why dry reforming of methane(DRM)has yet to be industrialized is its catalytic tendency to deactivate ...Energy shortages and global warming are driving the focus on the greenhouse gases CH_(4)and CO_(2).The main reason why dry reforming of methane(DRM)has yet to be industrialized is its catalytic tendency to deactivate due to carbon deposition or sintering.Single-atom Ni/CeO_(2)catalysts with suitable metalsupport interactions may provide a new strategy for developing highly active and coking-resistant nickel-based catalysts.In this work,we investigated the properties of the catalytic models of singleatom Ni loaded on CeO_(2)(111),CeO_(2)(110)and CeO_(2)(100),as well as their catalytic DRM performance with the density functional theory method(DFT).The interaction of CeO_(2)with different low-index crystal planes and single-atom Ni can be explained by the anchoring effect of surface O ions on Ni.Adsorption energies,growth patterns of Ni clusters,and migration studies of Ni atoms all indicate that the CeO_(2)(100)surface has the strongest anchoring effect on isolated Ni atoms,followed by the CeO_(2)(110)surface,with the CeO_(2)(111)surface being the weakest,Methane activation studies have shown that the activation ability of Ni_(1)/CeO_(2)(110)for methane strongly depends on the coordination environment of Ni,By contrast,methane activation by Ni on Ni_(1)/CeO_(2)(111)exhibits better activity and stability.Moreover,the Ni—CeO_(2)interaction correlates well with the DRM reaction performance.Interactions that are too strong anchor Ni atoms well but are not optimal for DRM activity.Ni_(1)/CeO_(2)(110)has relatively moderate interactions,promotes the^(*)CH_(4)→^(*)CH process,and has good resistance to carbon deposition.The metalsupport interaction-DRM reactivity(or stability)relationship is vital for the design of"super"highactivity and high-stability DRM catalysts.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the potential protective effect of Shexiang Tongxin dropping pills(STDP)on ischemia-reperfusion injury and its underlying mechanisms in improving endothelial cell function in coronary microvas...Objective:To investigate the potential protective effect of Shexiang Tongxin dropping pills(STDP)on ischemia-reperfusion injury and its underlying mechanisms in improving endothelial cell function in coronary microvascular disease(CMVD).Methods:A rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury with CMVD was established using ligation and reperfusion of the left anterior descending artery.The effect of STDP(21.6 mg/kg)on cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography,hematoxylin-eosin staining,and Evans blue staining.The effects of STDP on the microvascular endothelial barrier were assessed based on nitric oxide production,endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression,structural variety of tight junctions(TJs),and the expression of zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),claudin-5,occludin,and vascular endothelial(VE)-cadherin proteins.The mechanisms of STDP(50 and 100 ng/mL)were evaluated by examining the expression of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2(S1PR2),Ras Homolog family member A(RhoA),and Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase(ROCK)proteins and the distribution of ZO-1,VE-cadherin,and Factin proteins in an oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model.Results:The administration of STDP on CMVD rat model significantly improved cardiac and microvascular endothelial cell barrier functions(all P<.05).STDP enhanced the structural integrity of coronary microvascular positioning and distribution by clarifying and completing TJs and increasing the expression of ZO-1,occludin,claudin-5,and VE-cadherin in vivo(all P<.05).The S1PR2/RhoA/ROCK pathway was inhibited by STDP in vitro,leading to the regulation of endothelial cell TJs,adhesion junctions,and cytoskeletal morphology.Conclusion:STDP showed protective effects on cardiac impairment and microvascular endothelial barrier injury in CMVD model rats induced by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through the modulation of the S1PR2/RhoA/ROCK pathway.展开更多
文摘2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) is a stoichiometric oxidant that is frequently used in traditional organic synthesis. Recently, the rapid development of organic electrochemistry has led to new advancements in DDQ-catalyzed C—H bonds functionalization. Moreover, the challenging C—H functionalization of electron-deficient arenes has been achieved through the merger of electrochemical DDQ catalysis and photoirradiation. In addition, the synthetic utility of electrophotochemical DDQ catalysis was further demonstrated by the nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reaction of unactivated aryl fluorides. The recent developments in electro- and electrophotochemical DDQ-catalyzed C—H/C—F func- tionalizations with attention to their strategies and mechanistic insights are summarized. It is hoped that this not only deepens the understanding of this field, but also helps relevant researchers expand the application scope of DDQ catalysis.
文摘目的基于核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体3/半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1(NLRP3/caspase-1)信号通路探究二甲双胍对2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并脑卒中患者认知功能的改善作用。方法选取2021年2月至2022年5月就诊于邯郸市中心医院的63例T2DM,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组(n=32)与试验组(n=31),对照组给予钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2抑制剂(SGLT-2i)类药物治疗,试验组在对照组基础上给予二甲双胍治疗,两组患者均连续治疗12周。收集患者临床资料,对比治疗前后两组简易精神量表(MMSE)得分、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)得分、空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、餐后2小时血糖(2 hPBG)、外周单核细胞中NLRP3炎性小体蛋白表达水平、caspase-1蛋白表达水平及血清IL-8、IL-1β水平;采用Pearson线性相关分析治疗后NLRP3、caspase-1、IL-18、IL-1β与FBG的相关性。结果治疗后,试验组MMSE、MoCA得分均增高,且明显高于对照组(P<0.05),试验组FBG、HbA1c、2 h PBG水平低于对照组(P<0.05),试验组NLRP3、caspase-1蛋白水平和IL-18、IL-1β水平较对照组明显更低(P<0.05);经Pearson线性相关分析显示,治疗后NLRP3、caspase-1、IL-18、IL-1β与FBG呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论二甲双胍治疗能够改善T2DM合并脑卒中患者的认知功能,降低血糖水平和炎症反应,这可能与其对NLRP3/caspase-1信号通路的调节作用有关。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82204360(to HM)and 82270411(to GW)National Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Program,No.2021ZD0200900(to YL)。
文摘Traumatic brain injury involves complex pathophysiological mechanisms,among which oxidative stress significantly contributes to the occurrence of secondary injury.In this study,we evaluated hypidone hydrochloride(YL-0919),a self-developed antidepressant with selective sigma-1 receptor agonist properties,and its associated mechanisms and targets in traumatic brain injury.Behavioral experiments to assess functional deficits were followed by assessment of neuronal damage through histological analyses and examination of blood-brain barrier permeability and brain edema.Next,we investigated the antioxidative effects of YL-0919 by assessing the levels of traditional markers of oxidative stress in vivo in mice and in vitro in HT22 cells.Finally,the targeted action of YL-0919 was verified by employing a sigma-1 receptor antagonist(BD-1047).Our findings demonstrated that YL-0919 markedly improved deficits in motor function and spatial cognition on day 3 post traumatic brain injury,while also decreasing neuronal mortality and reversing blood-brain barrier disruption and brain edema.Furthermore,YL-0919 effectively combated oxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro.The protective effects of YL-0919 were partially inhibited by BD-1047.These results indicated that YL-0919 relieved impairments in motor and spatial cognition by restraining oxidative stress,a neuroprotective effect that was partially reversed by the sigma-1 receptor antagonist BD-1047.YL-0919 may have potential as a new treatment for traumatic brain injury.
基金supported by the Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province(No.2019YFS0040)the Improvement Plan of“Xinglin Scholar”Scientific Research Talent,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.XKTD2022002)。
文摘The activation of the sirtuin1(SIRT1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)pathway has been shown to mitigate oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial damage by reducing reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels.Clinical trials have demonstrated that Zhongfeng Xingnao Liquid(ZFXN)ameliorates post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI).However,the underlying mechanism,particularly whether it involves protecting mitochondria and inhibiting apoptosis through the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway,remains unclear.This study employed an oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD)cell model using SHSY5Y cells and induced PSCI in rats through modified bilateral carotid artery ligation(2VO).The effects of ZFXN on learning and memory,neuroprotective activity,mitochondrial function,oxidative stress,and the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway were evaluated both in vivo and in vitro.Results indicated that ZFXN significantly increased the B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl2)/Bcl2-associated X(Bax)ratio,reduced terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP nickend-labeling(TUNEL)+cells,and markedly improved cognition,synaptic plasticity,and neuronal function in the hippocampus and cortex.Furthermore,ZFXN exhibited potent antioxidant activity,evidenced by decreased ROS and malondialdehyde(MDA)content and increased superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and glutathione(GSH)levels.ZFXN also demonstrated considerable enhancement of mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),Tom 20 fluorescence intensity,adenosine triphosphate(ATP)and energy charge(EC)levels,and mitochondrial complexⅠandⅢactivity,thereby inhibiting mitochondrial damage.Additionally,ZFXN significantly increased SIRT1 activity and elevated SIRT1,nuclear Nrf2,and HO-1 levels.Notably,these effects were substantially counteracted when SIRT1 was suppressed by the inhibitor EX-527 in vitro.In conclusion,ZFXN alleviates PSCI by activating the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and preventing mitochondrial damage.
基金supported by the Office of Naval Research Grant(N00014-22-1-2184)。
文摘Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is a major cause of heart failure in diabetic patients.It progresses asymptomatically prior to the onset of severe cardiac symptoms[1];therefore,elucidating the underlying mechanisms of DCM is critical to providing early treatment options.This commentary elaborates on the findings of Jiang et al.[2],who investigated the role of adipokine hormone,Adipsin,as a cardioprotective factor in DCM.We provide an exposition and alternative treatment considerations,like Fisetin,and discuss the potential of investigating other cellular targets implicated in cardiac dysfunction,like the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinaselike 2(Irak2)protein[3]and protein kinase R[4].
文摘In this article,we comment on an article by Wang et al published in the World Journal of Diabetes.Existing treatments with oral medications can partially mitigate the toxicity of elevated blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.However,these patients often require lifelong,costly medications,and many struggle with poor compliance.To address the limitations of pharmacological treatments,laparoscopic jejunal-ileal lateral anastomosis has become increasingly common in clinical practice and generally yields favorable outcomes.This procedure stimulates the secretion of larger amounts of glucagon-like peptide-1 by intestinal L cells,which in turn promotes pancreatic islet cell proliferation,reduces insulin resistance,and effectively controls glucose and lipid metabolism disorders.Nonetheless,further research is needed to fully explore its indications,contraindications,the enhancement of patients'quality of life and patients’satisfaction with the subjective experience of treatment and long-term effects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant No.12375006。
文摘In this paper,we investigate the(2+1)-dimensional three-component long-wave-short-wave resonance interaction system,which describes complex systems and nonlinear wave phenomena in physics.By employing the Hirota bilinear method,we derive the general nondegenerate N-soliton solution of the system,where each short-wave component contains N arbitrary functions of the independent variable y.The presence of these arbitrary functions in the analytical solution enables the construction of a wide range of nondegenerate soliton types.Finally,we illustrate the structural features of several novel nondegenerate solitons,including M-shaped,multiple double-hump,and sawtooth double-striped solitons,as well as interactions between nondegenerate solitons,such as dromion-like solitons and solitoffs,with the aid of figures.
基金funded by a National Research Council of Science&Technology grant from the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT),Republic of Korea(No.CAP21012-100)the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP)under the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE),Republic of Korea(No.20224C10300010)。
文摘The electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)is considered a promising technology for converting atmospheric CO_(2)into valuable chemicals.It is a significant way to mitigate the shortage of fossil energy and store excessive renewable electricity in fuels to maintain carbon neutrality.Considering the substantially reduced cost of clean electricity,C1 molecule unitization has emerged as a competitive strategy for room-temperature electrolysis.However,the practical implementation of CO_(2)RR has been hindered by low desired product selectivity,high overpotential,and undesirable hydrogen evolution reactions(HER).Consequently,it is imperative to execute a timely assessment of advanced strategies in CO_(2)RR,with emphasis on catalytic design strategies,understanding of structure–activity relationships,and deactivation of catalysts.In this context,it is imperative to investigate the intrinsic active sites and reaction mechanisms.This review focuses on the design of novel catalysts and their active sites via operando techniques.The combination of advanced characterization techniques and theoretical calculations provides a high-throughput way to obtain a deeper understanding of the reaction mechanism.Furthermore,optimization of the interplay between the catalyst surface and reaction intermediate disturbs the linear correlation between the adsorption energies of the intermediates,resulting in a convoluted cascade system.The appropriate strategies for CO_(2)RR,challenges,and future approaches are projected in this review to stimulate major innovations.Moreover,the plausible research directions are discussed for producing C_(1)chemicals via electrochemical CO_(2)RR at room temperature.
基金Project supported by the Major Science and Technology Projects in Yunnan Province(202302AG050005)。
文摘Energy shortages and global warming are driving the focus on the greenhouse gases CH_(4)and CO_(2).The main reason why dry reforming of methane(DRM)has yet to be industrialized is its catalytic tendency to deactivate due to carbon deposition or sintering.Single-atom Ni/CeO_(2)catalysts with suitable metalsupport interactions may provide a new strategy for developing highly active and coking-resistant nickel-based catalysts.In this work,we investigated the properties of the catalytic models of singleatom Ni loaded on CeO_(2)(111),CeO_(2)(110)and CeO_(2)(100),as well as their catalytic DRM performance with the density functional theory method(DFT).The interaction of CeO_(2)with different low-index crystal planes and single-atom Ni can be explained by the anchoring effect of surface O ions on Ni.Adsorption energies,growth patterns of Ni clusters,and migration studies of Ni atoms all indicate that the CeO_(2)(100)surface has the strongest anchoring effect on isolated Ni atoms,followed by the CeO_(2)(110)surface,with the CeO_(2)(111)surface being the weakest,Methane activation studies have shown that the activation ability of Ni_(1)/CeO_(2)(110)for methane strongly depends on the coordination environment of Ni,By contrast,methane activation by Ni on Ni_(1)/CeO_(2)(111)exhibits better activity and stability.Moreover,the Ni—CeO_(2)interaction correlates well with the DRM reaction performance.Interactions that are too strong anchor Ni atoms well but are not optimal for DRM activity.Ni_(1)/CeO_(2)(110)has relatively moderate interactions,promotes the^(*)CH_(4)→^(*)CH process,and has good resistance to carbon deposition.The metalsupport interaction-DRM reactivity(or stability)relationship is vital for the design of"super"highactivity and high-stability DRM catalysts.
基金supported the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81930113).
文摘Objective:To investigate the potential protective effect of Shexiang Tongxin dropping pills(STDP)on ischemia-reperfusion injury and its underlying mechanisms in improving endothelial cell function in coronary microvascular disease(CMVD).Methods:A rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury with CMVD was established using ligation and reperfusion of the left anterior descending artery.The effect of STDP(21.6 mg/kg)on cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography,hematoxylin-eosin staining,and Evans blue staining.The effects of STDP on the microvascular endothelial barrier were assessed based on nitric oxide production,endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression,structural variety of tight junctions(TJs),and the expression of zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),claudin-5,occludin,and vascular endothelial(VE)-cadherin proteins.The mechanisms of STDP(50 and 100 ng/mL)were evaluated by examining the expression of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2(S1PR2),Ras Homolog family member A(RhoA),and Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase(ROCK)proteins and the distribution of ZO-1,VE-cadherin,and Factin proteins in an oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model.Results:The administration of STDP on CMVD rat model significantly improved cardiac and microvascular endothelial cell barrier functions(all P<.05).STDP enhanced the structural integrity of coronary microvascular positioning and distribution by clarifying and completing TJs and increasing the expression of ZO-1,occludin,claudin-5,and VE-cadherin in vivo(all P<.05).The S1PR2/RhoA/ROCK pathway was inhibited by STDP in vitro,leading to the regulation of endothelial cell TJs,adhesion junctions,and cytoskeletal morphology.Conclusion:STDP showed protective effects on cardiac impairment and microvascular endothelial barrier injury in CMVD model rats induced by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through the modulation of the S1PR2/RhoA/ROCK pathway.
