Rice grain size and chalkiness are important traits that influence grain yield and quality,respectively.Mining of genes for grain yield and appearance quality and clarification of their action modes are of great impor...Rice grain size and chalkiness are important traits that influence grain yield and quality,respectively.Mining of genes for grain yield and appearance quality and clarification of their action modes are of great importance in rice breeding.In this study,a rice protein disulfide isomerase-like enzyme PDIL2-3 was characterized.Expression analysis revealed that PDIL2-3 was highly expressed in endosperm and spikelet hulls.The PDIL2-3-cri lines generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology exhibited a chalky grain phenotype with altered storage substance accumulation and increased grain size and weight,whereas exactly opposite results were obtained for PDIL2-3 overexpression lines.Cytological experiments revealed that PDIL2-3-cri increased rice seed length mainly by increasing the cell number and rice seed width mainly by increasing the cell size in grains,implying that PDIL2-3 regulates the grain size by influencing both cell division and expansion of spikelet hulls.Further flow cytometric analysis validated that PDIL2-3 has a negative effect on cell proliferation,preventing DNA duplication and cell division in spikelet hulls.Moreover,q RT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of genes related to cell cycle and storage substance synthesis were significantly changed in PDIL2-3-cri transgenic lines.Thus,our results indicated that PDIL2-3 plays a pivotal role in influencing grain size and quality of rice by affecting cell division/expansion and storage substance accumulation,providing new insights into the function of PDIL family members in rice and enriching the genetic resources for rice breeding.展开更多
文摘目的:基于瘤内及瘤周多参数磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)影像组学构建术前预测浸润性乳腺癌N2-3期腋窝淋巴结(axillary lymph node,ALN)的列线图并验证模型效能。方法:回顾性分析2018年1月—2019年12月接受规范治疗前乳腺MRI检查的320例(训练集224例,验证集96例)浸润性乳腺癌患者资料。根据病理报告中腋窝转移淋巴结数量将患者分为N0-1期组(转移<4枚)和N2-3期组(转移≥4枚)。从5个MRI序列的瘤内、瘤周及瘤内+瘤周3个感兴趣区(region of interest,ROI)中分别提取并筛选与ALN分期相关的影像组学特征,通过随机森林(random forest,RF)分类器构建3个影像组学模型(瘤内模型、瘤周模型及瘤内+瘤周模型),计算各自的影像组学评分。采用单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析筛选临床独立预测因子,构建临床模型。整合最优影像组学模型和临床模型中的特征构建联合模型,并可视化为列线图。通过受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线、校准曲线和决策曲线分析(decision curve analysis,DCA)评估并比较各模型的预测效能和临床实用价值。结果:在单纯影像组学模型中瘤内+瘤周模型的表现最优,训练集和验证集中的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为0.911和0.858。整合了瘤内+瘤周组学特征和临床特征(瘤周水肿和病灶强化形态)的列线图在所有模型中具有最佳的N2-3期ALN预测效能,训练集和验证集的AUC分别为0.923和0.892。校准曲线显示列线图的预测值与实际观测值一致性良好。DCA显示列线图临床效用较高。结论:联合多区域多参数MRI影像组学特征和临床特征构建的列线图对浸润癌乳腺癌N2-3期腋窝淋巴结的个性化预测有较高价值。
基金supported in part by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472141,32101746,and 32102231)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(JCZRLH202500540,2021CFB033,and 2022CFB393)。
文摘Rice grain size and chalkiness are important traits that influence grain yield and quality,respectively.Mining of genes for grain yield and appearance quality and clarification of their action modes are of great importance in rice breeding.In this study,a rice protein disulfide isomerase-like enzyme PDIL2-3 was characterized.Expression analysis revealed that PDIL2-3 was highly expressed in endosperm and spikelet hulls.The PDIL2-3-cri lines generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology exhibited a chalky grain phenotype with altered storage substance accumulation and increased grain size and weight,whereas exactly opposite results were obtained for PDIL2-3 overexpression lines.Cytological experiments revealed that PDIL2-3-cri increased rice seed length mainly by increasing the cell number and rice seed width mainly by increasing the cell size in grains,implying that PDIL2-3 regulates the grain size by influencing both cell division and expansion of spikelet hulls.Further flow cytometric analysis validated that PDIL2-3 has a negative effect on cell proliferation,preventing DNA duplication and cell division in spikelet hulls.Moreover,q RT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of genes related to cell cycle and storage substance synthesis were significantly changed in PDIL2-3-cri transgenic lines.Thus,our results indicated that PDIL2-3 plays a pivotal role in influencing grain size and quality of rice by affecting cell division/expansion and storage substance accumulation,providing new insights into the function of PDIL family members in rice and enriching the genetic resources for rice breeding.
