A new simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of chlordiazepoxide is described, based on the reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenol in water medium, apparently by a charge-transfer mechani...A new simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of chlordiazepoxide is described, based on the reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenol in water medium, apparently by a charge-transfer mechanism, to yield 1:1 complex with maximum absorption at 444 nm. Optimum experimental conditions for the determination have been studied. The linear calibration range, apparent molar absorptivity and relative standard deviation are 2.8~96.0 mgmL-1, 1.48103 and 0.32%, respectively. The method is accurate and has been successfully applied to the determination of chlordiazpoxide in tablets. The results are in good agreement with those obtained with the official method.展开更多
Objective： The intoxications caused by 2,4-dinitrophenol （2,4-DNP）, even death, have been frequently reported in recent years. This study aims to investigate the dynamic changes of plasma toxin concentration and ex...Objective： The intoxications caused by 2,4-dinitrophenol （2,4-DNP）, even death, have been frequently reported in recent years. This study aims to investigate the dynamic changes of plasma toxin concentration and explore the clinical value of resin hemoperfusion （HP） in the treatment of patients with acute 2,4-DNP poisoning. Methods We reported 16 cases of acute 2,4-DNP poisoning through occupational exposure due to ignoring the risk of poisoning. The blood samples were collected from the 14 survivors. According to the different treatments of resin HP, the survivors were divided into routine HP （n=5） and intensive HP （n=9） groups. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography/ tandem mass spectroscopy （UPLC-MS/MS） was used to detect the 2,4-DNP concentration in plasma in this study. Results： The 14 survivors recovered very well after treatment. The initial plasma 2,4-DNP concentrations （C1） of survivors ranged from 0.25 to 41.88 pg/ml （mean （12.56＋13.93） pg/ml）. A positive correlation existed between initial plasma 2,4-DNP concentration （C1） and temperature. The elimination of 2,4-DNP was slow and persistent, and the total clearance rates of plasma toxin from the 1st to 3rd day （R3）, the 3rd to 7th day （R3-7）, and the 1st to 7th day （RT）, were only （53.03±14.04）%, （55.25±10.50）%, and （78.29±10.22）%, respectively. The plasma toxin was cleared up to 25 d after poisoning in most of the patients. The R3, R3-7, and R7 in the intensive HP group were all apparently higher than those in the routine HP group, with statistical significance （P〈0.05）. Simultaneously, the elimination half-life （tl/2） of 2,4-DNP in the intensive HP group was apparently shorter than that in the routine HP group, with statistical significance （P〈0.05）. Conclusions： The clinicians should be aware of this slow and persistent process in the elimination of plasma 2,4-DNP. Higher initial plasma toxin concentration resulted in a more severe fever for the patient. According to the limited data, longer and more frequent resin HP may accelerate to eliminate the poison.展开更多
Objective:To report clinical features and treatment of 16 cases of acute 2,4-dinitrophenol poisoning. Methods:A total of 16 patients suffering from acute poisoning due to non-oral exposure to 2,4-dinitrophenol were se...Objective:To report clinical features and treatment of 16 cases of acute 2,4-dinitrophenol poisoning. Methods:A total of 16 patients suffering from acute poisoning due to non-oral exposure to 2,4-dinitrophenol were sent to our hospital.Two died within 3 h after admission,while the other 14 responded to supportive treatment and he-moperfusion.Clinical features and treatment of the patients were retrospectively analyzed and presented.Results:Fourteen patients recovered and were discharged after four to six weeks of treatment.No obvious poisoning sequelae were found in the three-month follow-up.Conclusions:Non-oral exposure to 2,4-dinitrophenol is toxic.Hemoperfusion and glucocorticoid treatments may be efficient measures to prevent mortality,but this requires further study.展开更多
A rapid, simple and selective method based on molecularly imprinted, spin column extraction coupled with fluorescence detection was successfully established for the determination of 2,4-dinitrophenol in serum samples....A rapid, simple and selective method based on molecularly imprinted, spin column extraction coupled with fluorescence detection was successfully established for the determination of 2,4-dinitrophenol in serum samples. The 2,4-dinitrophenol imprinted polymers exhibited highly selective recognition for the template molecule and the maximum adsorption capacity was 138.9 mg/g. The results indicated that when water is used as the loading solution, only 2,4-dinitrophenol could be adsorbed on the spin column without the remaining structural analogs（2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol and phenol）. After eluting with acetonitrile/acetic acid（9/1, v/v）, 2,4-dinitrophenol in serum samples could be determined by using the fluorescence spectrometer, based on the fluorescence enhancement of fluorescein by the template molecule. Under the optimal conditions, the spiked recovery ranged from 95.8% to 103.4% and the detection limit was 1 nmol/L. The results confirmed the reliability and practicality of the protocol and revealed a good perspective of this method for biological sample analysis.展开更多
2,4-dinitrophenol （DNP）, an organic compound which frequently used in industry, is considered to have high toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the early changes of lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with oc...2,4-dinitrophenol （DNP）, an organic compound which frequently used in industry, is considered to have high toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the early changes of lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with occupational 2,4-DNP poisoning. Totally 9 patients with acute occupational 2,4-DNP poisoning and 30 healthy volunteers as control were enrolled. The patients received immediately comprehensive supportive treatments, including large-dose glucocorticoid and repeated hemoperfusion （HP）. The ratio of CD4＋/CD8＋ T cells were significantly higher in patients upon admission compared to healthy controls （P 〈 0.01）; however, counts of total lymphocytes, CD3＋, CD3＋CD4＋, CD3＋CD8＋, B （CD19＋）, and natural killer （NK） cells （CD16＋CD56＋） were significantly reduced （all P 〈 0.001）. The NK cell count was negatively correlated with initial plasma 2,4-DNP concentration （r = -0.750, P = 0.026）. Thus, acute occupational 2,4-DNP poisoning was accompanied by immediate complex immune cell reactions, especially NK cells might play important role in severe 2,4-DNP poisoning.展开更多
Adsorption isotherms of 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol on hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) bromide modified red soil under different ionic strength, divalent cation Cu 2+ or different pH conditions were st...Adsorption isotherms of 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol on hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) bromide modified red soil under different ionic strength, divalent cation Cu 2+ or different pH conditions were studied. All the adsorption isotherms were well fitted to the Freundlich equation. The adsorption capacities of 2,4-dinitrophenol or 2,4-dichlorophenol were dramatically enhanced by HDTMA treatment of red soil. The increase of ionic strength and the addition of divalent heavy metal cation Cu 2+ significantly enhanced the adsorption of 2,4-dinitrophenol or 2,4-dichlorophenol on the HDTMA-modified red soil. Adsorption capacities of HDTMA-modified red soil for 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol gradually increased with decreasing pH in the aqueous phase.展开更多
Whether obesity is a disease or a risk factor of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes and fatty liver remains debating, we report here that a high-fat diet (HFD) alone or HFD-combined intramuscular injection w...Whether obesity is a disease or a risk factor of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes and fatty liver remains debating, we report here that a high-fat diet (HFD) alone or HFD-combined intramuscular injection with a high dose (1.2 mg/kg) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces mouse peripheral noninflammatory obesity. In contrast, HFD-combined intraperitoneal injection with a low dose (0.25 mg/kg) of LPS induces mouse visceral low-grade inflammatory obesity. While the noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)- related genes are globally upregulated in HFD + low-dose LPS mice, NIDDM and NAFLD genes are not extensively upregulated in HFD + high-dose LPS mice. The mitochondrial uncoupler 2,4-dini- trophenol (DNP) in the dosage of 16 mg/kg was found to exert a weight-reducing effect in obese mice by compromising NF-κB-primed inflammatory responses, thereby down regulating NIDDM and NAFLD genes. Conclusively, mouse visceral low-grade inflammatory obesity that predisposes NIDDM and NAFLD can be ameliorated by DNP via anti-inflammation.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To study metabolic characteristics of fever in rats induced by 2, 4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and the effect of Huanglianjiedu Tang (HLJDT) on the fever. METHODS: The urine samples were analyzed by ultra-performa...OBJECTIVE: To study metabolic characteristics of fever in rats induced by 2, 4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and the effect of Huanglianjiedu Tang (HLJDT) on the fever. METHODS: The urine samples were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS) at the positive ion mode scanning, and experimental data were analyzed by the principal component analysis. RESULTS: Eight potential biomarkers indicating the occurrence and evolvement of fever were determined according to ions in urine samples. Five of them were found increased, while the other three decreased. After HLJDD intervention, the increased five were reduced significantly in high dose group, compared with model group, while the decreased three had no obvious change. Five of the eight biomakers were identified with formyl-5-hy-droxykynurenamine, gentisic acid, aminoadipic acid, phenylacetic acid, L-phenylalanyl-L-hydroxyproline on the basis of MS/MS.These biomarkers are associated with the metabolism of 5-hydroxytryptamine, tyrosine, lysine, phenylalanine and collagen protein, respectively. CONCLUSION: HLJDT had significant effect on DNP-induced fever in rats. The effect was performed possibly by acting on 5-hydroxytryptamine in hypothalamus and some amino acid metabolism. These results suggested that HLJDT relieved fever by acting on multi-targets.展开更多
文摘A new simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of chlordiazepoxide is described, based on the reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenol in water medium, apparently by a charge-transfer mechanism, to yield 1:1 complex with maximum absorption at 444 nm. Optimum experimental conditions for the determination have been studied. The linear calibration range, apparent molar absorptivity and relative standard deviation are 2.8~96.0 mgmL-1, 1.48103 and 0.32%, respectively. The method is accurate and has been successfully applied to the determination of chlordiazpoxide in tablets. The results are in good agreement with those obtained with the official method.
文摘Objective： The intoxications caused by 2,4-dinitrophenol （2,4-DNP）, even death, have been frequently reported in recent years. This study aims to investigate the dynamic changes of plasma toxin concentration and explore the clinical value of resin hemoperfusion （HP） in the treatment of patients with acute 2,4-DNP poisoning. Methods We reported 16 cases of acute 2,4-DNP poisoning through occupational exposure due to ignoring the risk of poisoning. The blood samples were collected from the 14 survivors. According to the different treatments of resin HP, the survivors were divided into routine HP （n=5） and intensive HP （n=9） groups. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography/ tandem mass spectroscopy （UPLC-MS/MS） was used to detect the 2,4-DNP concentration in plasma in this study. Results： The 14 survivors recovered very well after treatment. The initial plasma 2,4-DNP concentrations （C1） of survivors ranged from 0.25 to 41.88 pg/ml （mean （12.56＋13.93） pg/ml）. A positive correlation existed between initial plasma 2,4-DNP concentration （C1） and temperature. The elimination of 2,4-DNP was slow and persistent, and the total clearance rates of plasma toxin from the 1st to 3rd day （R3）, the 3rd to 7th day （R3-7）, and the 1st to 7th day （RT）, were only （53.03±14.04）%, （55.25±10.50）%, and （78.29±10.22）%, respectively. The plasma toxin was cleared up to 25 d after poisoning in most of the patients. The R3, R3-7, and R7 in the intensive HP group were all apparently higher than those in the routine HP group, with statistical significance （P〈0.05）. Simultaneously, the elimination half-life （tl/2） of 2,4-DNP in the intensive HP group was apparently shorter than that in the routine HP group, with statistical significance （P〈0.05）. Conclusions： The clinicians should be aware of this slow and persistent process in the elimination of plasma 2,4-DNP. Higher initial plasma toxin concentration resulted in a more severe fever for the patient. According to the limited data, longer and more frequent resin HP may accelerate to eliminate the poison.
文摘Objective:To report clinical features and treatment of 16 cases of acute 2,4-dinitrophenol poisoning. Methods:A total of 16 patients suffering from acute poisoning due to non-oral exposure to 2,4-dinitrophenol were sent to our hospital.Two died within 3 h after admission,while the other 14 responded to supportive treatment and he-moperfusion.Clinical features and treatment of the patients were retrospectively analyzed and presented.Results:Fourteen patients recovered and were discharged after four to six weeks of treatment.No obvious poisoning sequelae were found in the three-month follow-up.Conclusions:Non-oral exposure to 2,4-dinitrophenol is toxic.Hemoperfusion and glucocorticoid treatments may be efficient measures to prevent mortality,but this requires further study.
基金supported by National Key Technology R&D Program in the 11th Five-Year Plan of China(No.2009BADB9B02)
文摘A rapid, simple and selective method based on molecularly imprinted, spin column extraction coupled with fluorescence detection was successfully established for the determination of 2,4-dinitrophenol in serum samples. The 2,4-dinitrophenol imprinted polymers exhibited highly selective recognition for the template molecule and the maximum adsorption capacity was 138.9 mg/g. The results indicated that when water is used as the loading solution, only 2,4-dinitrophenol could be adsorbed on the spin column without the remaining structural analogs（2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol and phenol）. After eluting with acetonitrile/acetic acid（9/1, v/v）, 2,4-dinitrophenol in serum samples could be determined by using the fluorescence spectrometer, based on the fluorescence enhancement of fluorescein by the template molecule. Under the optimal conditions, the spiked recovery ranged from 95.8% to 103.4% and the detection limit was 1 nmol/L. The results confirmed the reliability and practicality of the protocol and revealed a good perspective of this method for biological sample analysis.
基金supported by the grants from the Foundation of Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province for Beneficial Technology Research of Social Development(2011C23013)
文摘2,4-dinitrophenol （DNP）, an organic compound which frequently used in industry, is considered to have high toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the early changes of lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with occupational 2,4-DNP poisoning. Totally 9 patients with acute occupational 2,4-DNP poisoning and 30 healthy volunteers as control were enrolled. The patients received immediately comprehensive supportive treatments, including large-dose glucocorticoid and repeated hemoperfusion （HP）. The ratio of CD4＋/CD8＋ T cells were significantly higher in patients upon admission compared to healthy controls （P 〈 0.01）; however, counts of total lymphocytes, CD3＋, CD3＋CD4＋, CD3＋CD8＋, B （CD19＋）, and natural killer （NK） cells （CD16＋CD56＋） were significantly reduced （all P 〈 0.001）. The NK cell count was negatively correlated with initial plasma 2,4-DNP concentration （r = -0.750, P = 0.026）. Thus, acute occupational 2,4-DNP poisoning was accompanied by immediate complex immune cell reactions, especially NK cells might play important role in severe 2,4-DNP poisoning.
文摘Adsorption isotherms of 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol on hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) bromide modified red soil under different ionic strength, divalent cation Cu 2+ or different pH conditions were studied. All the adsorption isotherms were well fitted to the Freundlich equation. The adsorption capacities of 2,4-dinitrophenol or 2,4-dichlorophenol were dramatically enhanced by HDTMA treatment of red soil. The increase of ionic strength and the addition of divalent heavy metal cation Cu 2+ significantly enhanced the adsorption of 2,4-dinitrophenol or 2,4-dichlorophenol on the HDTMA-modified red soil. Adsorption capacities of HDTMA-modified red soil for 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol gradually increased with decreasing pH in the aqueous phase.
文摘Whether obesity is a disease or a risk factor of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes and fatty liver remains debating, we report here that a high-fat diet (HFD) alone or HFD-combined intramuscular injection with a high dose (1.2 mg/kg) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces mouse peripheral noninflammatory obesity. In contrast, HFD-combined intraperitoneal injection with a low dose (0.25 mg/kg) of LPS induces mouse visceral low-grade inflammatory obesity. While the noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)- related genes are globally upregulated in HFD + low-dose LPS mice, NIDDM and NAFLD genes are not extensively upregulated in HFD + high-dose LPS mice. The mitochondrial uncoupler 2,4-dini- trophenol (DNP) in the dosage of 16 mg/kg was found to exert a weight-reducing effect in obese mice by compromising NF-κB-primed inflammatory responses, thereby down regulating NIDDM and NAFLD genes. Conclusively, mouse visceral low-grade inflammatory obesity that predisposes NIDDM and NAFLD can be ameliorated by DNP via anti-inflammation.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2007CB512608)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To study metabolic characteristics of fever in rats induced by 2, 4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and the effect of Huanglianjiedu Tang (HLJDT) on the fever. METHODS: The urine samples were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS) at the positive ion mode scanning, and experimental data were analyzed by the principal component analysis. RESULTS: Eight potential biomarkers indicating the occurrence and evolvement of fever were determined according to ions in urine samples. Five of them were found increased, while the other three decreased. After HLJDD intervention, the increased five were reduced significantly in high dose group, compared with model group, while the decreased three had no obvious change. Five of the eight biomakers were identified with formyl-5-hy-droxykynurenamine, gentisic acid, aminoadipic acid, phenylacetic acid, L-phenylalanyl-L-hydroxyproline on the basis of MS/MS.These biomarkers are associated with the metabolism of 5-hydroxytryptamine, tyrosine, lysine, phenylalanine and collagen protein, respectively. CONCLUSION: HLJDT had significant effect on DNP-induced fever in rats. The effect was performed possibly by acting on 5-hydroxytryptamine in hypothalamus and some amino acid metabolism. These results suggested that HLJDT relieved fever by acting on multi-targets.
