Controllability of DC current/power flow is essentialin multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) grids, particularly for theMTDC grids in a meshed topology. In this paper, consideringmeshed MTDC (M2TDC) grids with the installation ...Controllability of DC current/power flow is essentialin multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) grids, particularly for theMTDC grids in a meshed topology. In this paper, consideringmeshed MTDC (M2TDC) grids with the installation of twoline/multi-lineDC current flow controllers (CFCs), a small-signalmodel of the DC CFCs integrated M2TDC grids is derived,studying the impact of the power losses of the DC CFC andtheir influence on the analysis of energy exchanges. The systemstability analysis is analysed using the Nyquist diagram, which ismore suitable for analyzing complex nonlinear systems with morecompact and reliable indicators of stability in comparison withgain/phase margins shown in the Bode diagram. In addition, aselection method of the interconnected capacitor of the DC CFCis proposed under different operating conditions. The impact ofthe switching frequencies of the DC CFC on the control ranges ofthe DC current flows is analyzed. The effectiveness of the Nyquistanalysis and the capacitance selection method is verified bysimulation studies using PSCAD/EMTDC. The obtained control ranges of the DC CFC with different switching frequenciesand capacitances would be useful for practical engineeringapplications.展开更多
为更好地理解格点融合实况数据与观测数据的差异和代表性,利用甘肃兰州和武威两地站点的观测数据对中国气象局陆面数据同化系统(CMA Land Data Assimilation System,CLDAS)地面2 m气温融合产品进行检验评估及偏差订正。结果表明:(1)逐...为更好地理解格点融合实况数据与观测数据的差异和代表性,利用甘肃兰州和武威两地站点的观测数据对中国气象局陆面数据同化系统(CMA Land Data Assimilation System,CLDAS)地面2 m气温融合产品进行检验评估及偏差订正。结果表明:(1)逐小时气温和日最低气温融合产品的平均误差总体为负值,较实际气温偏低,且在2500 m以下误差随海拔上升而减小;日最高气温融合产品平均误差在海拔1500 m附近为负值,1500 m以上误差变为正值且随海拔升高而增大;日最高和最低气温误差较逐小时气温误差偏大,但平均误差均在2℃以内。(2)通过近网格点检验,发现逐小时CLDAS气温产品白天与实况相近,夜间较实况偏低0.2℃;日平均气温CLDAS融合产品总体较实况偏低1℃,兰州城区产品偏差相对较小;30℃以上高温天数融合产品与实况分布基本一致,但在兰州城区,CLDAS融合产品的高温天数较观测天数偏少。(3)线性回归法和递减平均法对CLDAS气温融合产品都有一定的订正效果,递减平均法订正效果更优且在高海拔地区订正效果更明显。CLDAS气温实况融合产品在兰州和武威两地能较好地反映气温变化特征,但日最高、最低气温误差较逐小时气温大,且在复杂地形下误差相对较大。展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 51807091Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province BK20180478+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant 2019M661846EPSRC under Grant EP/N032888/1.
文摘Controllability of DC current/power flow is essentialin multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) grids, particularly for theMTDC grids in a meshed topology. In this paper, consideringmeshed MTDC (M2TDC) grids with the installation of twoline/multi-lineDC current flow controllers (CFCs), a small-signalmodel of the DC CFCs integrated M2TDC grids is derived,studying the impact of the power losses of the DC CFC andtheir influence on the analysis of energy exchanges. The systemstability analysis is analysed using the Nyquist diagram, which ismore suitable for analyzing complex nonlinear systems with morecompact and reliable indicators of stability in comparison withgain/phase margins shown in the Bode diagram. In addition, aselection method of the interconnected capacitor of the DC CFCis proposed under different operating conditions. The impact ofthe switching frequencies of the DC CFC on the control ranges ofthe DC current flows is analyzed. The effectiveness of the Nyquistanalysis and the capacitance selection method is verified bysimulation studies using PSCAD/EMTDC. The obtained control ranges of the DC CFC with different switching frequenciesand capacitances would be useful for practical engineeringapplications.
文摘为更好地理解格点融合实况数据与观测数据的差异和代表性,利用甘肃兰州和武威两地站点的观测数据对中国气象局陆面数据同化系统(CMA Land Data Assimilation System,CLDAS)地面2 m气温融合产品进行检验评估及偏差订正。结果表明:(1)逐小时气温和日最低气温融合产品的平均误差总体为负值,较实际气温偏低,且在2500 m以下误差随海拔上升而减小;日最高气温融合产品平均误差在海拔1500 m附近为负值,1500 m以上误差变为正值且随海拔升高而增大;日最高和最低气温误差较逐小时气温误差偏大,但平均误差均在2℃以内。(2)通过近网格点检验,发现逐小时CLDAS气温产品白天与实况相近,夜间较实况偏低0.2℃;日平均气温CLDAS融合产品总体较实况偏低1℃,兰州城区产品偏差相对较小;30℃以上高温天数融合产品与实况分布基本一致,但在兰州城区,CLDAS融合产品的高温天数较观测天数偏少。(3)线性回归法和递减平均法对CLDAS气温融合产品都有一定的订正效果,递减平均法订正效果更优且在高海拔地区订正效果更明显。CLDAS气温实况融合产品在兰州和武威两地能较好地反映气温变化特征,但日最高、最低气温误差较逐小时气温大,且在复杂地形下误差相对较大。
