Lithium-oxygen(Li-O_(2))battery is favored among“beyond lithiumion”technologies for sustainability because of its exceptional energy density.Major impediments are the poor cycle stability and grievous capacity degra...Lithium-oxygen(Li-O_(2))battery is favored among“beyond lithiumion”technologies for sustainability because of its exceptional energy density.Major impediments are the poor cycle stability and grievous capacity degradation at high current densities.We address these issues by a“killing two birds with one stone”O_(2)-pressure protocol.It first resolves efficient O_(2) mass transport at high rates..The accelerated reaction kinetics optimizes the composition and growth pathway of discharge products.This protocol secondly achieves protection of Li anodes via densifying corrosion layers on them.Consequently,the battery delivers both ultrahigh discharge capacity(>9,000 mAh g^(-1))at 3,000 mA g^(-1) and excellent cycling stability.Under a dual-strategy effect of high-pressure O_(2) and artificial protection layers,the battery actualizes over 11-fold increase in cycle life of 5,170 h(2,585 cycles).The strategy opens avenues for advancing Li-O_(2) batteries towards practical application and confers the extension to other gas-based batteries.展开更多
Lithium nickel oxide(Li_(2)NiO_(2)),as a sacrificial cathode prelithiation additive,has been used to compensate for the lithium loss for improving the lifespan of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,high-cost Li_(2)Ni...Lithium nickel oxide(Li_(2)NiO_(2)),as a sacrificial cathode prelithiation additive,has been used to compensate for the lithium loss for improving the lifespan of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,high-cost Li_(2)NiO_(2)suffers from inferior delithiation kinetics during the first cycle.Herein,we investigated the effects of the cost-effective copper substituted Li_(2)Ni_(1-x)Cu_(x)O_(2)(x=0,0.2,0.3,0.5,0.7)synthesized by a high-temperature solid-phase method on the structure,morphology,electrochemical performance of graphite‖LiFePO_(4)battery.The X-ray diffraction(XRD)refinement result demonstrated that Cu substitution strategy could be favorable for eliminating the NiO_(x)impurity phase and weakening Li-O bond.Analysis on density of states(DOS)indicates that Cu substitution is good for enhancing the electronic conductivity,as well as reducing the delithi-ation voltage polarization confirmed by electrochemical characterizations.Therefore,the optimal Li_(2)Ni_(0.7)Cu_(0.3)O_(2)delivered a high delithiation capacity of 437 mAh·g^(-1),around 8%above that of the pristine Li_(2)NiO_(2).Furthermore,a graphite‖LiFePO_(4)pouch cell with a nominal capacity of 3000 mAh demonstrated a notably improved reversible capacity,energy density and cycle life through introducing 2 wt%Li_(2)Ni_(0.7)Cu_(0.3)O_(2)additive,delivering a 6.2 mAh·g^(-1)higher initial discharge capacity and achieving around 5%improvement in capacity retentnion at 0.5P over 1000 cycles.Additionally,the post-mortem analyses testified that the Li_(2)Ni_(0.7)Cu_(0.3)O_(2)additive could suppress solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)decomposition and homogenize the Li distribution,which benefits to stabilizing interface between graphite and electrolyte,and alleviating dendritic Li plating.In conclusion,the Li_(2)Ni_(0.7)Cu_(0.3)O_(2)additive may offer advantages such as lower cost,lower delithiation voltage and higher prelithiation capacity compared with Li_(2)NiO_(2),making it a promising candidate of cathode prelithiation additive for next-generation LIBs.展开更多
GSPT2 (G1 to S phase transition protein 2) has emerged as a critical regulator of the cell cycle and has garnered increased attention for its role in tumor biology in recent years. This review explores the multifacete...GSPT2 (G1 to S phase transition protein 2) has emerged as a critical regulator of the cell cycle and has garnered increased attention for its role in tumor biology in recent years. This review explores the multifaceted functions of GSPT2, highlighting its involvement in cell cycle regulation and signaling pathways, as well as its potential as a tumor biomarker. By analyzing the latest research findings, we examine the expression patterns of GSPT2 across various tumor types and its correlation with clinical outcomes, underscoring its significance in tumor initiation and progression. Furthermore, we discuss the prospects of GSPT2 as a therapeutic target, providing new insights for future research directions.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the growth inhibitory mechanism of NS-398, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, in two hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines (HepG2 and Huh7). METHODS: HepG2 and Huh7 cells were trea...AIM: To investigate the growth inhibitory mechanism of NS-398, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, in two hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines (HepG2 and Huh7). METHODS: HepG2 and Huh7 cells were treated with NS-398. Its effects on cell viability, cell proliferation, cell cycles, and gene expression were respectively evaluated by water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay, 4’-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, flow cytometer analysis, and Western blotting, with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as positive control. RESULTS: NS-398 showed dose- and time-dependent growth-inhibitory effects on the two cell lines. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expressions in HepG2 and Huh7 cells, particularly in Huh7 cells were inhibited in a time- and dose-independent manner. NS-398 caused cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase with cell accumulation in the sub-G1 phase in HepG2 and Huh7 cell lines. No evidence of apoptosis was observed in two cell lines. CONCLUSION: NS-398 reduces cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest in HepG2 and Huh7 cell lines, and COX-2 inhibitors may have potent chemoprevention effects on human hepatocellular carcinoma.展开更多
To study the mechanisms involved in the inhibition of chronic myeloid leukemic cells (K562) proliferation induced by arsenic trioxide (As 2O 3) and to explore the potential role of Survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosi...To study the mechanisms involved in the inhibition of chronic myeloid leukemic cells (K562) proliferation induced by arsenic trioxide (As 2O 3) and to explore the potential role of Survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein, in the regulation of As 2O 3 induced cell apoptosis, K562 cells were cultured with As 2O 3 of different concentrations. Cells were collected for proliferation analysis by MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Expression of Survivin protein and mRNA were detected by flow cytometry and RT-PCR, respectively. Our results showed that As 2O 3 (2-10 μmol/L) inhibited K562 cells growth effectively, but it did not induce cells apoptosis significantly. The percentage of K562 cells at G 2/M phase increased in proportion to As 2O 3 concentrations, and the expression of Survivin mRNA and content of Survivin protein was up-regulated accordingly. It is concluded that As 2O 3 inhibited K562 cells growth by inducing cell cycle arrest mainly at G 2/M phase. Over-expression of Survivin gene and protein might be one of the possible mechanisms contributing to K562 cells' resistance to As 2O 3-induced apoptosis.展开更多
Zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have garnered significant interest owing to their intrinsic safety,environmental compatibility,and low cost.However,nonuniform Zn deposition and parasitic side reactions during cycling lead to ...Zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have garnered significant interest owing to their intrinsic safety,environmental compatibility,and low cost.However,nonuniform Zn deposition and parasitic side reactions during cycling lead to rapid capacity decay and potential short-circuiting.To address these challenges,we developed a carboxymethyl cellulose-zinc(CMC-Zn)hydrogel electrolyte with self-release capability using a metal-ion crosslinking approach.The dynamically reversible CMC-Zn network continuously supplies active Zn^(2+)during cycling,compensating for electrode consumption in real time.Abundant carboxylate and hydroxyl groups regulate uniform zinc nucleation and growth,while the hydrogen-bonding network synergistically suppresses side reactions,as reflected by a low hydrogen-evolution potential(−0.281 V)and reduced corrosion current density(0.03 mA cm^(−2)).With these advantages,Zn||Zn symmetric cells achieve an ultralong lifespan of 6,400 h at 0.5 mA cm^(−2),and Zn||Cu half-cells deliver a stable coulombic efficiency of 99.1%over 4,200 cycles.In fullcell testing,self-released Zn^(2+)contributes 29%of the overall capacity,enabling Zn||PANI cells to retain 75%capacity after 2,000 cycles and exhibit a rate-performance recovery of 97.4%.A corresponding flexible ZIB maintains stable operation under various deformation conditions,highlighting the strong potential of CMC-Zn hydrogel electrolytes for next-generation flexible energy-storage devices.展开更多
Aim： To determine the mechanisms of glucocorticoids in inhibiting advanced prostate cancer growth. Methods： The cell proliferation and cell cycle of prostate cancer DU145 cells following dexamethasone treatment were...Aim： To determine the mechanisms of glucocorticoids in inhibiting advanced prostate cancer growth. Methods： The cell proliferation and cell cycle of prostate cancer DU145 cells following dexamethasone treatment were determined by proliferation assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Western blot analysis was carried out to evaluate the effects of dexamethasone on phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK）1/2 and expression of cyclin D1 in DU145 cells with or without glucocorticoid receptor （GR） antagonist RU486. Reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction verified the expression of GR mRNA in DU145 cells. Results： Dexamethasone significantly inhibited DU 145 cell proliferation at the G0/G1 phase. Westem blot analysis showed a dramatic reduction of ERK1/2 activity and cyclin D1 expression in dexamethasone-treated cells. The decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in dexamethasone-treated cells was attenuated by GR blockade. Additionally, the effects of dexamethasone in inhibiting cyclin D1 expression were altered by GR blockade. Conclusion： Dexamethasone suppresses DU145 cell proliferation and cell cycle, and the underlying mechanisms are through the inhibition of phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and cyclin D1 expression. The inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and cyclin D1 expression is attenuated by GR blockade, suggesting that GR regulates ERK1/2 and cyclin D1 pathways. These observations suggest that dexamethasone has a potential clinical application in prostate cancer therapy.展开更多
Using solid waste as a substitute for conventional cement has become an important way to reduce carbon emissions.This paper attempted to utilize steel slag(SS)and fly ash(FA)as supplementary cementitious material by u...Using solid waste as a substitute for conventional cement has become an important way to reduce carbon emissions.This paper attempted to utilize steel slag(SS)and fly ash(FA)as supplementary cementitious material by utilizing CO_(2)mineralization curing technology.This study examined the dominant and interactive influences of the residual water/cement ratio,CO_(2)pressure,curing time,and SS content on the mechanical properties and CO_(2)uptake rate of CO_(2)mineralization curing SS-FA-Portland cement ternary paste specimens.Additionally,microstructural development was analyzed.The findings demonstrated that each factor significantly affected compressive strength and CO_(2)uptake rate,with factor interactions becoming more pronounced at higher SS dosages(>30%),lower residual water/cement ratios(0.1-0.15),and CO_(2)pressures of 0.1-0.3 MPa.Microscopic examinations revealed that mineralization primarily yielded CaCO_(3)and silica gel.The residual w/c ratio and SS content significantly influenced the CaCO_(3)content and crystallinity of the mineralization products.Post-mineralization curing,the percentage of pores larger than 50 nm significantly decreased,the proportion of harmless pores smaller than 20 nm increased,and pore structure improved.This study also found that using CO_(2)mineralization curing SS-FA-Portland cement solid waste concrete can significantly reduce the negative impact on the environment.展开更多
Membrane gas absorption and solar-assisted absorbent regeneration offer a sustainable approach to reduce the energy penalty of post-combustion CO_(2) capture.This study introduces a novel system integrating solar ther...Membrane gas absorption and solar-assisted absorbent regeneration offer a sustainable approach to reduce the energy penalty of post-combustion CO_(2) capture.This study introduces a novel system integrating solar thermal energy with membrane gas absorption to capture CO_(2) from a 580 MWe pulverized coal power plant.The environmental impacts across six scenarios at varying solar fractions are evaluated via life cycle assessment.Results show a 7.61%–13.04%reduction in global warming potential compared to a steam-driven CO_(2) capture system.Electricity and steam consumption dominate the operational phase,contributing 15%–64%and 18%–61%to environmental impacts in non-TES scenarios,respectively.While TES reduces most impacts,it increases stratospheric ozone depletion and marine eutrophication due to nitrate-based phase change materials and monoethanolamine.Higher solar fractions lower impacts in non-TES scenarios but elevate specific impacts in TES scenarios,highlighting trade-offs for sustainable CO_(2) capture deployment.展开更多
The total replacement of old fossil fuels poses obstacles,making the production of efficient biogasoline vital.Despite its potential as an environmentally friendly fossil fuel substitute,the life cycle assessment(LCA)...The total replacement of old fossil fuels poses obstacles,making the production of efficient biogasoline vital.Despite its potential as an environmentally friendly fossil fuel substitute,the life cycle assessment(LCA)of palm oil-derived biogasoline remains underexplored.This study investigated the production of biogasoline fromcrude palm oil(CPO)based biorefinery using catalytic cracking over mesoporousγ-Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst and LCA analysis.High selectivity of converting CPO into biogasoline was achieved by optimizing catalytic cracking parameters,including catalyst dose,temperature,and contact time.γ-Al_(2)O_(3) and CPO were characterized by several methods to study the physical and chemical properties.The physical properties of biogasoline,such as density,calorific value,viscosity,and flash point,were investigated.An overall yield of 60.11%was achieved after catalytic cracking produced several C5-C11 short-chain hydrocarbons.Additionally,this research proposes innovative emission reduction strategies,including waste-to-biogasoline conversion and the use of biodegradable feedstocks that enhance the sustainability of biogasoline production.LCA ofγ-Al_(2)O_(3)’s energy and environmental implications reveals minor effects on global warming(0.0068%)and freshwater ecotoxicity(0.187%).LCAs show a 0.085%impact in the energy sector.This focus on both ecological impacts and practical mitigation strategies deepens the understanding of biogasoline production.展开更多
In sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASLBs),the development of high-capacity anode materials with stable interfaces to sulfide solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)is critical.Here,In_(2)O_(3)is explored as an ...In sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASLBs),the development of high-capacity anode materials with stable interfaces to sulfide solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)is critical.Here,In_(2)O_(3)is explored as an anode material for ASLBs for the first time,demonstrating exceptional interfacial stability and electrochemical performance.The In_(2)O_(3)anode,with a substantial mass loading of 7.64 mg cm^(-2),sustains a charge-specific capacity of528.0 mAh g^(-1)(4.03 mAh cm^(-2))at a current density of0.76 mA cm^(-2)over 500 cycles,with a capacity retention of 81.2%.Additionally,it exhibits remarkable long-term cycling stability(2900 cycles)under a high current density of 3.82 mA cm^(-2),with an exceptionally low decay rate of0.016%per cycle.The charge-discharge mechanism of the In_(2)O_(3)anode is elucidated in detail,revealing that the electrochemical evolution of In_(2)O_(3)in ASLBs involves notonly the alloying/dealloying process of indium(In)but also a conversion reaction between In and Li_(2)O.Notably,as cycling progresses,the conversion reaction of In and Li_(2)O diminishes,with the reversible alloy ing/dealloy ing process becoming predominant.This work offers valuable insights for advancing oxide anode materials in sulfide-based ASLBs.展开更多
The anticancer activity of stevenleaf(SV)on the basis of cell viability,cell cycle,and apoptosis induction in HepG2 cancer cells were evaluated.SV controlled the growth of HepG2 cells with IC50 of 139.82μmol/L for 24...The anticancer activity of stevenleaf(SV)on the basis of cell viability,cell cycle,and apoptosis induction in HepG2 cancer cells were evaluated.SV controlled the growth of HepG2 cells with IC50 of 139.82μmol/L for 24 h,IC50 of 119.12μmol/L for 48 h and cell cycle arrested at G0/G1 phase,induced cell apoptosis and enhanced intracellular ROS generation.For cell cycle arrest,the mRNA expression levels of p21,p27 and p53 were up-regulated,while the expression levels of Cyclin A,Cyclin D1,Cyclin E and CDK1/2 were downregulated.SV efficiently up-regulated TNF R1,TRADD1 and FADD and down-regulated Caspase8 for cell death receptors;similarly,up-regulated Bax,Bak,Cytc,Apaf1,Caspase3 and Caspase9,and down-regulated Bcl2,Bcl xl and Bad for mitochondrial signal pathway.SV induced the mTOR-mediated cell apoptosis in HepG2 cells via activation of Akt and AMPK.The mechanistic explanation for the anticancer activity of SV as functional food can be derived from above results.展开更多
The chemistry of sulfur cycle contributes significantly to the atmospheric nucleation process,which is the first step of new particle formation(NPF).In the present study,cycloaddition reaction mechanism of sulfur trio...The chemistry of sulfur cycle contributes significantly to the atmospheric nucleation process,which is the first step of new particle formation(NPF).In the present study,cycloaddition reaction mechanism of sulfur trioxide(SO_(3))to hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)which is a typical air pollutant and toxic gas detrimental to the environment were comprehensively investigate through theoretical calculations and Atmospheric Cluster Dynamic Code simulations.Gas-phase stability and nucleation potential of the product thiosulfuric acid(H_(2)S_(2)O_(3),TSA)were further analyzed to evaluate its atmospheric impact.Without any catalysts,the H_(2)S+SO_(3)reaction is infeasible with a barrier of 24.2 kcal/mol.Atmospheric nucleation precursors formic acid(FA),sulfuric acid(SA),and water(H_(2)O)could effectively lower the reaction barriers as catalysts,even to a barrierless reaction with the efficiency of cis-SA>trans-FA>trans-SA>H_(2)O.Subsequently,the gas-phase stability of TSA was investigated.A hydrolysis reaction barrier of up to 61.4 kcal/mol alone with an endothermic isomerization reaction barrier of 5.1 kcal/mol under the catalytic effect of SA demonstrates the sufficient stability of TSA.Furthermore,topological and kinetic analysis were conducted to determine the nucleation potential of TSA.Atmospheric clusters formed by TSA and atmospheric nucleation precursors(SA,ammonia NH_(3),and dimethylamine DMA)were thermodynamically stable.Moreover,the gradually decreasing evaporation coefficients for TSA-base clusters,particularly for TSA-DMA,suggests that TSA may participate in NPF where the concentration of base molecules are relatively higher.The present new reaction mechanismmay contributes to a better understanding of atmospheric sulfur cycle and NPF.展开更多
To satisfy the demands of modern society for high-energy–density sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs),Ni-rich cathode materials have gained much attention for their high capacity and energy density...To satisfy the demands of modern society for high-energy–density sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs),Ni-rich cathode materials have gained much attention for their high capacity and energy density.However,their practical deployment is hindered by accelerated interface degradation and capacity decay originating from surface oxygen release and lattice oxygen activation during prolonged cycling.In this study,Ti_(x)NbB_((1−x))C_(2)was successfully coated on the surface of LiNi_(0.94)Co_(0.05)Mn_(0.01)O_(2).Density functional theory(DFT)calculations first elucidate a“point-to-point”anchoring mechanism where each surface oxygen atom coordinates with single species(Ti/Nb/B)offered by Ti_(x)NbB_((1−x))C_(2),which forms robust O–M bonds and sustain a stable interface structure.The electron energy loss spectroscopy(EELS)reveals the segregation of Ti/Nb toward subsurface layers during cycling,creating an optimized lattice oxygen coordination environment and suppressing oxygen activation.The dual oxygen stabilization mechanism dramatically improves the reversibility of phase transition and the structural stability of the Ni-rich cathode materials.Moreover,Ti_(x)NbB_((1−x))C_(2)as the protective layer decreases mechanical strain and suppresses the parasitic reactions.Consequently,the engineered cathode delivers 91%capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 0.3 C,suggesting excellent cycling stability.The research delivers a new design philosophy for the coating layer that can stabilize surface oxygen.Furthermore,the atomistic understanding of the structure–property relationship of the Ni-rich cathode materials provides valuable guidance for the future design of new cathode materials with superior structural stability in ASSLBs.展开更多
Objective To study the molecular mechanism of the inhibitory effects of vitamin C on benzo[a]pyrene （B[a]P）-induced changes of cell cycle in human embryo lung fibroblast （HELF） cells. Methods The stable transfecta...Objective To study the molecular mechanism of the inhibitory effects of vitamin C on benzo[a]pyrene （B[a]P）-induced changes of cell cycle in human embryo lung fibroblast （HELF） cells. Methods The stable transfectants, HELF transfected with antisense cyclin D1 and antisense CDK4, were established. Cells were cultured and pretreated with vitamin C before stimulation with B[a]P for 24 h. The expression levels of cyclin DI, CDK4, E2FI, and E2F4 were determined by Western blot. Flow cytometric analysis was employed to detect the distributions of cell cycle. Results B[a]P significantly elevated the expression levels of cyclin D 1, E2F1, and E2F4 in HELF cells. Vitamin C decreased the expression levels of cyclin D 1, E2F1, and E2F4 in B [a]P-stimulated HELF cells. Dose-dependent relationships were not found between the different concentrations of vitamin C （10, 100, 500, 1000, and 5000 lamol/L） and the expression levels of cyclin D 1, E2F1, and E2F4 in HELF cells. The expression levels of cyclin D1, E2FI, and E2F4 in B[a]P-treated transfectants were lower than those in B[a]P-treated HELF cells. The expression levels of cyclin DI and E2F4 treated with vitamin C and antisense cyclin D1 were decreased compared with those treated with antisense cyclin DI alone. The effects of vitamin C combined with antisense CDK4 on the expression levels of cyclin DI and E2FI/E2F4 were similar to those of antisense CDK4 alone. B[a]P progressed HELF cells from GI to S phase. Both vitamin C and antisense cyclin DI suppressed the changes of cell cycle progressed by B[a]P. However, antisense CDK4 did not attenuate the above changes. Vitamin C combined with antisense CDK4 markedly suppressed B[a]P-induced changes of cell cycle as compared with antisense CDK4. But the inhibitory effects of vitamin C combined with antisense cyclin DI on B[a]P-induced changes of cell cycle were similar to those of vitamin C alone or antisense cyclin DI alone. Conclusions B[a]P progressed HELF cells from G1 to S phase via intracellular signaling pathway of cyclin D I/E2F. Vitamin C may modulate this signaling pathway to protect cells from injury caused by B[a]P.展开更多
To study the effects of low dose radiation (LDR) on tumor apoptosis, cellcycle progression and changes of apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2 in tumor-bearing mice. Methods:Male mice of Kunming strain were implanted subcu...To study the effects of low dose radiation (LDR) on tumor apoptosis, cellcycle progression and changes of apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2 in tumor-bearing mice. Methods:Male mice of Kunming strain were implanted subcutaneously with S180 sarcoma cells in the left inguenas an in situ experimental animal model. Seven days later, the mice were subjected to 75 mGywhole-body γ-irradiation. At 24 and 48 h after the irradiation, all mice were sacrificed. The tumorsizes were measured, and tumor cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression were analyzed by flowcytometry. The expression of apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2 and the apoptotic rate of tumor cellswere observed by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Results: Tumors grew significantlyslower after LDR (P 【 0.05). The tumor cells were arrested in G1 phrase and the expression of Bcl-2protein decreased at 24 h. Apoptotic rate of tumor cells was increased significantly at 48 h afterLDR (P 【 0.01). Conclusion: LDR could cause a G1-phase arrest and increase the apoptosis of tumorcells through the low level of apoptosis-related protein bcl-2 in the tumor-bearing mice. Theorganized immune function and anti-tumor ability are markedly increased after LDR. Our studyprovides practical evidence of clinical application to cancer treatment.展开更多
Zymography and in situ hybridization were used to investigate matrixmetalloproteinase -2, -9 (MMP -2, MMP-9) activities and expressions of MMP -2, -9 and TIMP1, -2, -3 (tissue inhibitors of matrix metallo-proteinases)...Zymography and in situ hybridization were used to investigate matrixmetalloproteinase -2, -9 (MMP -2, MMP-9) activities and expressions of MMP -2, -9 and TIMP1, -2, -3 (tissue inhibitors of matrix metallo-proteinases) mRNA in the rat uterus during estrouscycle. The relative activity was semiquanted by using densitometric analysis. The MMP-2(67 kDa) activity in every stage during estrpus cycle was detected by zymography. MMP-2activity was highest at proestrus; higher at estrus and metaestrus; lowest at diestrus. Throughin situ hybridization, MMP -2, -9, TIMP -1~ -3 mRNA mainly in hasal stroma cells of uterineendometrium were detected. The positive signals of MMP -2 and -9 mRNAs in hasal stromacells were shown stronger at proestrus, estrus and metaestrus while they showed the weakest atdiestrus. The expression of MMP -2 mRNA coincided with MMP -2 activity change. MMP-2and -9 mRNAs were also highly expressed in uterine circular muscle at estrus. Weak signals ofMMP -9 mRNA were detected in uterine luminal and glandular epithelial cells at estrus.TIMP -1 mRNA in hasal stroma cells was shown as the strongest expression at estrus andmetaestrus; stronger at proestrus and the weakest at diestrus. TIMP-2 mRNA in basal stromacells was stronger at estrus and diestrus; weaker at proestrus and metaestrus. TIMP -1 and -2mRNAs were also highly expressed in uterine luminal and glandular epithelial cells at estrus.TIMP -3 mRNA in hasal stroma cells revealed the strongest expression at estrus; stronger atdiestrus and metaestrus and showed the weakest at proestrus. The mRNA was also highlyexpressed in uterine circular muscle at estrus. In short, our present results provide evidencethat MMP -2, -9 and TIMP -1~ -3 were involved in rat uterine endometrium reconstructionduring estrous cycle.展开更多
基金support from the Major basic research project of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2023ZD12)Singapore National Research Foundation Investigatorship(No.NRFNRFI08-2022-0009)NUS R&G Postdoc Fellowship Program.
文摘Lithium-oxygen(Li-O_(2))battery is favored among“beyond lithiumion”technologies for sustainability because of its exceptional energy density.Major impediments are the poor cycle stability and grievous capacity degradation at high current densities.We address these issues by a“killing two birds with one stone”O_(2)-pressure protocol.It first resolves efficient O_(2) mass transport at high rates..The accelerated reaction kinetics optimizes the composition and growth pathway of discharge products.This protocol secondly achieves protection of Li anodes via densifying corrosion layers on them.Consequently,the battery delivers both ultrahigh discharge capacity(>9,000 mAh g^(-1))at 3,000 mA g^(-1) and excellent cycling stability.Under a dual-strategy effect of high-pressure O_(2) and artificial protection layers,the battery actualizes over 11-fold increase in cycle life of 5,170 h(2,585 cycles).The strategy opens avenues for advancing Li-O_(2) batteries towards practical application and confers the extension to other gas-based batteries.
基金supported by the Significant Science and Technology Project in Xiamen(Future Industry Field)(Grant No.3502Z20231057).
文摘Lithium nickel oxide(Li_(2)NiO_(2)),as a sacrificial cathode prelithiation additive,has been used to compensate for the lithium loss for improving the lifespan of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,high-cost Li_(2)NiO_(2)suffers from inferior delithiation kinetics during the first cycle.Herein,we investigated the effects of the cost-effective copper substituted Li_(2)Ni_(1-x)Cu_(x)O_(2)(x=0,0.2,0.3,0.5,0.7)synthesized by a high-temperature solid-phase method on the structure,morphology,electrochemical performance of graphite‖LiFePO_(4)battery.The X-ray diffraction(XRD)refinement result demonstrated that Cu substitution strategy could be favorable for eliminating the NiO_(x)impurity phase and weakening Li-O bond.Analysis on density of states(DOS)indicates that Cu substitution is good for enhancing the electronic conductivity,as well as reducing the delithi-ation voltage polarization confirmed by electrochemical characterizations.Therefore,the optimal Li_(2)Ni_(0.7)Cu_(0.3)O_(2)delivered a high delithiation capacity of 437 mAh·g^(-1),around 8%above that of the pristine Li_(2)NiO_(2).Furthermore,a graphite‖LiFePO_(4)pouch cell with a nominal capacity of 3000 mAh demonstrated a notably improved reversible capacity,energy density and cycle life through introducing 2 wt%Li_(2)Ni_(0.7)Cu_(0.3)O_(2)additive,delivering a 6.2 mAh·g^(-1)higher initial discharge capacity and achieving around 5%improvement in capacity retentnion at 0.5P over 1000 cycles.Additionally,the post-mortem analyses testified that the Li_(2)Ni_(0.7)Cu_(0.3)O_(2)additive could suppress solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)decomposition and homogenize the Li distribution,which benefits to stabilizing interface between graphite and electrolyte,and alleviating dendritic Li plating.In conclusion,the Li_(2)Ni_(0.7)Cu_(0.3)O_(2)additive may offer advantages such as lower cost,lower delithiation voltage and higher prelithiation capacity compared with Li_(2)NiO_(2),making it a promising candidate of cathode prelithiation additive for next-generation LIBs.
文摘GSPT2 (G1 to S phase transition protein 2) has emerged as a critical regulator of the cell cycle and has garnered increased attention for its role in tumor biology in recent years. This review explores the multifaceted functions of GSPT2, highlighting its involvement in cell cycle regulation and signaling pathways, as well as its potential as a tumor biomarker. By analyzing the latest research findings, we examine the expression patterns of GSPT2 across various tumor types and its correlation with clinical outcomes, underscoring its significance in tumor initiation and progression. Furthermore, we discuss the prospects of GSPT2 as a therapeutic target, providing new insights for future research directions.
基金Supported by the Songeui Foundation of the Catholic University of Korea for Medical Research
文摘AIM: To investigate the growth inhibitory mechanism of NS-398, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, in two hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines (HepG2 and Huh7). METHODS: HepG2 and Huh7 cells were treated with NS-398. Its effects on cell viability, cell proliferation, cell cycles, and gene expression were respectively evaluated by water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay, 4’-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, flow cytometer analysis, and Western blotting, with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as positive control. RESULTS: NS-398 showed dose- and time-dependent growth-inhibitory effects on the two cell lines. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expressions in HepG2 and Huh7 cells, particularly in Huh7 cells were inhibited in a time- and dose-independent manner. NS-398 caused cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase with cell accumulation in the sub-G1 phase in HepG2 and Huh7 cell lines. No evidence of apoptosis was observed in two cell lines. CONCLUSION: NS-398 reduces cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest in HepG2 and Huh7 cell lines, and COX-2 inhibitors may have potent chemoprevention effects on human hepatocellular carcinoma.
文摘To study the mechanisms involved in the inhibition of chronic myeloid leukemic cells (K562) proliferation induced by arsenic trioxide (As 2O 3) and to explore the potential role of Survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein, in the regulation of As 2O 3 induced cell apoptosis, K562 cells were cultured with As 2O 3 of different concentrations. Cells were collected for proliferation analysis by MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Expression of Survivin protein and mRNA were detected by flow cytometry and RT-PCR, respectively. Our results showed that As 2O 3 (2-10 μmol/L) inhibited K562 cells growth effectively, but it did not induce cells apoptosis significantly. The percentage of K562 cells at G 2/M phase increased in proportion to As 2O 3 concentrations, and the expression of Survivin mRNA and content of Survivin protein was up-regulated accordingly. It is concluded that As 2O 3 inhibited K562 cells growth by inducing cell cycle arrest mainly at G 2/M phase. Over-expression of Survivin gene and protein might be one of the possible mechanisms contributing to K562 cells' resistance to As 2O 3-induced apoptosis.
基金supported by the China University of Petroleum(East China)Independent Innovation Research Program for Young Fund(Grant No.27RA2408006)China University of Petroleum(East China)College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(Grant No.202506071CX).
文摘Zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have garnered significant interest owing to their intrinsic safety,environmental compatibility,and low cost.However,nonuniform Zn deposition and parasitic side reactions during cycling lead to rapid capacity decay and potential short-circuiting.To address these challenges,we developed a carboxymethyl cellulose-zinc(CMC-Zn)hydrogel electrolyte with self-release capability using a metal-ion crosslinking approach.The dynamically reversible CMC-Zn network continuously supplies active Zn^(2+)during cycling,compensating for electrode consumption in real time.Abundant carboxylate and hydroxyl groups regulate uniform zinc nucleation and growth,while the hydrogen-bonding network synergistically suppresses side reactions,as reflected by a low hydrogen-evolution potential(−0.281 V)and reduced corrosion current density(0.03 mA cm^(−2)).With these advantages,Zn||Zn symmetric cells achieve an ultralong lifespan of 6,400 h at 0.5 mA cm^(−2),and Zn||Cu half-cells deliver a stable coulombic efficiency of 99.1%over 4,200 cycles.In fullcell testing,self-released Zn^(2+)contributes 29%of the overall capacity,enabling Zn||PANI cells to retain 75%capacity after 2,000 cycles and exhibit a rate-performance recovery of 97.4%.A corresponding flexible ZIB maintains stable operation under various deformation conditions,highlighting the strong potential of CMC-Zn hydrogel electrolytes for next-generation flexible energy-storage devices.
文摘Aim： To determine the mechanisms of glucocorticoids in inhibiting advanced prostate cancer growth. Methods： The cell proliferation and cell cycle of prostate cancer DU145 cells following dexamethasone treatment were determined by proliferation assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Western blot analysis was carried out to evaluate the effects of dexamethasone on phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK）1/2 and expression of cyclin D1 in DU145 cells with or without glucocorticoid receptor （GR） antagonist RU486. Reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction verified the expression of GR mRNA in DU145 cells. Results： Dexamethasone significantly inhibited DU 145 cell proliferation at the G0/G1 phase. Westem blot analysis showed a dramatic reduction of ERK1/2 activity and cyclin D1 expression in dexamethasone-treated cells. The decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in dexamethasone-treated cells was attenuated by GR blockade. Additionally, the effects of dexamethasone in inhibiting cyclin D1 expression were altered by GR blockade. Conclusion： Dexamethasone suppresses DU145 cell proliferation and cell cycle, and the underlying mechanisms are through the inhibition of phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and cyclin D1 expression. The inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and cyclin D1 expression is attenuated by GR blockade, suggesting that GR regulates ERK1/2 and cyclin D1 pathways. These observations suggest that dexamethasone has a potential clinical application in prostate cancer therapy.
基金Project(52479115)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2024SF-YBXM-615)supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province,China+1 种基金Project(2022943)supported by the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities,ChinaProject(300102283721)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘Using solid waste as a substitute for conventional cement has become an important way to reduce carbon emissions.This paper attempted to utilize steel slag(SS)and fly ash(FA)as supplementary cementitious material by utilizing CO_(2)mineralization curing technology.This study examined the dominant and interactive influences of the residual water/cement ratio,CO_(2)pressure,curing time,and SS content on the mechanical properties and CO_(2)uptake rate of CO_(2)mineralization curing SS-FA-Portland cement ternary paste specimens.Additionally,microstructural development was analyzed.The findings demonstrated that each factor significantly affected compressive strength and CO_(2)uptake rate,with factor interactions becoming more pronounced at higher SS dosages(>30%),lower residual water/cement ratios(0.1-0.15),and CO_(2)pressures of 0.1-0.3 MPa.Microscopic examinations revealed that mineralization primarily yielded CaCO_(3)and silica gel.The residual w/c ratio and SS content significantly influenced the CaCO_(3)content and crystallinity of the mineralization products.Post-mineralization curing,the percentage of pores larger than 50 nm significantly decreased,the proportion of harmless pores smaller than 20 nm increased,and pore structure improved.This study also found that using CO_(2)mineralization curing SS-FA-Portland cement solid waste concrete can significantly reduce the negative impact on the environment.
基金funded by State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation andMaintenance ofDeepUnderground Engineering,grant number SDGZ2524Shandong Province Science and Technology Smes Ability Improvement Project,grant number 2025TSGCCZZB0258Major Innovation Project of Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences),grant number 2025ZDZX03.
文摘Membrane gas absorption and solar-assisted absorbent regeneration offer a sustainable approach to reduce the energy penalty of post-combustion CO_(2) capture.This study introduces a novel system integrating solar thermal energy with membrane gas absorption to capture CO_(2) from a 580 MWe pulverized coal power plant.The environmental impacts across six scenarios at varying solar fractions are evaluated via life cycle assessment.Results show a 7.61%–13.04%reduction in global warming potential compared to a steam-driven CO_(2) capture system.Electricity and steam consumption dominate the operational phase,contributing 15%–64%and 18%–61%to environmental impacts in non-TES scenarios,respectively.While TES reduces most impacts,it increases stratospheric ozone depletion and marine eutrophication due to nitrate-based phase change materials and monoethanolamine.Higher solar fractions lower impacts in non-TES scenarios but elevate specific impacts in TES scenarios,highlighting trade-offs for sustainable CO_(2) capture deployment.
基金The contract No.PRJ-395/DPKS/2022 or 2383/PKS/ITS/2022 on 14 November 2022.
文摘The total replacement of old fossil fuels poses obstacles,making the production of efficient biogasoline vital.Despite its potential as an environmentally friendly fossil fuel substitute,the life cycle assessment(LCA)of palm oil-derived biogasoline remains underexplored.This study investigated the production of biogasoline fromcrude palm oil(CPO)based biorefinery using catalytic cracking over mesoporousγ-Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst and LCA analysis.High selectivity of converting CPO into biogasoline was achieved by optimizing catalytic cracking parameters,including catalyst dose,temperature,and contact time.γ-Al_(2)O_(3) and CPO were characterized by several methods to study the physical and chemical properties.The physical properties of biogasoline,such as density,calorific value,viscosity,and flash point,were investigated.An overall yield of 60.11%was achieved after catalytic cracking produced several C5-C11 short-chain hydrocarbons.Additionally,this research proposes innovative emission reduction strategies,including waste-to-biogasoline conversion and the use of biodegradable feedstocks that enhance the sustainability of biogasoline production.LCA ofγ-Al_(2)O_(3)’s energy and environmental implications reveals minor effects on global warming(0.0068%)and freshwater ecotoxicity(0.187%).LCAs show a 0.085%impact in the energy sector.This focus on both ecological impacts and practical mitigation strategies deepens the understanding of biogasoline production.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22301151)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(No.2022QN05024)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Projects of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(No.2024SKYPT0011)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Hohhot,China(No.2024-JieBangGuaShuai-Gao-4)
文摘In sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASLBs),the development of high-capacity anode materials with stable interfaces to sulfide solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)is critical.Here,In_(2)O_(3)is explored as an anode material for ASLBs for the first time,demonstrating exceptional interfacial stability and electrochemical performance.The In_(2)O_(3)anode,with a substantial mass loading of 7.64 mg cm^(-2),sustains a charge-specific capacity of528.0 mAh g^(-1)(4.03 mAh cm^(-2))at a current density of0.76 mA cm^(-2)over 500 cycles,with a capacity retention of 81.2%.Additionally,it exhibits remarkable long-term cycling stability(2900 cycles)under a high current density of 3.82 mA cm^(-2),with an exceptionally low decay rate of0.016%per cycle.The charge-discharge mechanism of the In_(2)O_(3)anode is elucidated in detail,revealing that the electrochemical evolution of In_(2)O_(3)in ASLBs involves notonly the alloying/dealloying process of indium(In)but also a conversion reaction between In and Li_(2)O.Notably,as cycling progresses,the conversion reaction of In and Li_(2)O diminishes,with the reversible alloy ing/dealloy ing process becoming predominant.This work offers valuable insights for advancing oxide anode materials in sulfide-based ASLBs.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(31850410476)the Major Projects of Science and Technology in Anhui Province(18030701144,1804b06020347,18030701142,18030701158,201903a06020021).
文摘The anticancer activity of stevenleaf(SV)on the basis of cell viability,cell cycle,and apoptosis induction in HepG2 cancer cells were evaluated.SV controlled the growth of HepG2 cells with IC50 of 139.82μmol/L for 24 h,IC50 of 119.12μmol/L for 48 h and cell cycle arrested at G0/G1 phase,induced cell apoptosis and enhanced intracellular ROS generation.For cell cycle arrest,the mRNA expression levels of p21,p27 and p53 were up-regulated,while the expression levels of Cyclin A,Cyclin D1,Cyclin E and CDK1/2 were downregulated.SV efficiently up-regulated TNF R1,TRADD1 and FADD and down-regulated Caspase8 for cell death receptors;similarly,up-regulated Bax,Bak,Cytc,Apaf1,Caspase3 and Caspase9,and down-regulated Bcl2,Bcl xl and Bad for mitochondrial signal pathway.SV induced the mTOR-mediated cell apoptosis in HepG2 cells via activation of Akt and AMPK.The mechanistic explanation for the anticancer activity of SV as functional food can be derived from above results.
基金supported by the Budget Surplus of Central Financial Science and Technology Plan (No.2021-JY-14)the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2020M680636)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Public Welfare Scientific Research Institutes of China,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (Nos.2022YSKY-21 and 2022YSKY-27)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41375133)the Science Foundation of Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (No.JY-41375133)Tian He Qingsuo Project-special fund project.
文摘The chemistry of sulfur cycle contributes significantly to the atmospheric nucleation process,which is the first step of new particle formation(NPF).In the present study,cycloaddition reaction mechanism of sulfur trioxide(SO_(3))to hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)which is a typical air pollutant and toxic gas detrimental to the environment were comprehensively investigate through theoretical calculations and Atmospheric Cluster Dynamic Code simulations.Gas-phase stability and nucleation potential of the product thiosulfuric acid(H_(2)S_(2)O_(3),TSA)were further analyzed to evaluate its atmospheric impact.Without any catalysts,the H_(2)S+SO_(3)reaction is infeasible with a barrier of 24.2 kcal/mol.Atmospheric nucleation precursors formic acid(FA),sulfuric acid(SA),and water(H_(2)O)could effectively lower the reaction barriers as catalysts,even to a barrierless reaction with the efficiency of cis-SA>trans-FA>trans-SA>H_(2)O.Subsequently,the gas-phase stability of TSA was investigated.A hydrolysis reaction barrier of up to 61.4 kcal/mol alone with an endothermic isomerization reaction barrier of 5.1 kcal/mol under the catalytic effect of SA demonstrates the sufficient stability of TSA.Furthermore,topological and kinetic analysis were conducted to determine the nucleation potential of TSA.Atmospheric clusters formed by TSA and atmospheric nucleation precursors(SA,ammonia NH_(3),and dimethylamine DMA)were thermodynamically stable.Moreover,the gradually decreasing evaporation coefficients for TSA-base clusters,particularly for TSA-DMA,suggests that TSA may participate in NPF where the concentration of base molecules are relatively higher.The present new reaction mechanismmay contributes to a better understanding of atmospheric sulfur cycle and NPF.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21203008,21975025,12274025,22372008,and 22179007)Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(ZDYF2021SHFZ232 and ZDYF2023GXJS022)Hainan Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation(300333)。
文摘To satisfy the demands of modern society for high-energy–density sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs),Ni-rich cathode materials have gained much attention for their high capacity and energy density.However,their practical deployment is hindered by accelerated interface degradation and capacity decay originating from surface oxygen release and lattice oxygen activation during prolonged cycling.In this study,Ti_(x)NbB_((1−x))C_(2)was successfully coated on the surface of LiNi_(0.94)Co_(0.05)Mn_(0.01)O_(2).Density functional theory(DFT)calculations first elucidate a“point-to-point”anchoring mechanism where each surface oxygen atom coordinates with single species(Ti/Nb/B)offered by Ti_(x)NbB_((1−x))C_(2),which forms robust O–M bonds and sustain a stable interface structure.The electron energy loss spectroscopy(EELS)reveals the segregation of Ti/Nb toward subsurface layers during cycling,creating an optimized lattice oxygen coordination environment and suppressing oxygen activation.The dual oxygen stabilization mechanism dramatically improves the reversibility of phase transition and the structural stability of the Ni-rich cathode materials.Moreover,Ti_(x)NbB_((1−x))C_(2)as the protective layer decreases mechanical strain and suppresses the parasitic reactions.Consequently,the engineered cathode delivers 91%capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 0.3 C,suggesting excellent cycling stability.The research delivers a new design philosophy for the coating layer that can stabilize surface oxygen.Furthermore,the atomistic understanding of the structure–property relationship of the Ni-rich cathode materials provides valuable guidance for the future design of new cathode materials with superior structural stability in ASSLBs.
基金This work was supported by grants of National Natural Science Foundation of China (30371206, 30440420593), 973 National Key Basic Research and Development Program (2002 CB 512905) and Taishan Charitable Association LTD. HK.
文摘Objective To study the molecular mechanism of the inhibitory effects of vitamin C on benzo[a]pyrene （B[a]P）-induced changes of cell cycle in human embryo lung fibroblast （HELF） cells. Methods The stable transfectants, HELF transfected with antisense cyclin D1 and antisense CDK4, were established. Cells were cultured and pretreated with vitamin C before stimulation with B[a]P for 24 h. The expression levels of cyclin DI, CDK4, E2FI, and E2F4 were determined by Western blot. Flow cytometric analysis was employed to detect the distributions of cell cycle. Results B[a]P significantly elevated the expression levels of cyclin D 1, E2F1, and E2F4 in HELF cells. Vitamin C decreased the expression levels of cyclin D 1, E2F1, and E2F4 in B [a]P-stimulated HELF cells. Dose-dependent relationships were not found between the different concentrations of vitamin C （10, 100, 500, 1000, and 5000 lamol/L） and the expression levels of cyclin D 1, E2F1, and E2F4 in HELF cells. The expression levels of cyclin D1, E2FI, and E2F4 in B[a]P-treated transfectants were lower than those in B[a]P-treated HELF cells. The expression levels of cyclin DI and E2F4 treated with vitamin C and antisense cyclin D1 were decreased compared with those treated with antisense cyclin DI alone. The effects of vitamin C combined with antisense CDK4 on the expression levels of cyclin DI and E2FI/E2F4 were similar to those of antisense CDK4 alone. B[a]P progressed HELF cells from GI to S phase. Both vitamin C and antisense cyclin DI suppressed the changes of cell cycle progressed by B[a]P. However, antisense CDK4 did not attenuate the above changes. Vitamin C combined with antisense CDK4 markedly suppressed B[a]P-induced changes of cell cycle as compared with antisense CDK4. But the inhibitory effects of vitamin C combined with antisense cyclin DI on B[a]P-induced changes of cell cycle were similar to those of vitamin C alone or antisense cyclin DI alone. Conclusions B[a]P progressed HELF cells from G1 to S phase via intracellular signaling pathway of cyclin D I/E2F. Vitamin C may modulate this signaling pathway to protect cells from injury caused by B[a]P.
文摘To study the effects of low dose radiation (LDR) on tumor apoptosis, cellcycle progression and changes of apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2 in tumor-bearing mice. Methods:Male mice of Kunming strain were implanted subcutaneously with S180 sarcoma cells in the left inguenas an in situ experimental animal model. Seven days later, the mice were subjected to 75 mGywhole-body γ-irradiation. At 24 and 48 h after the irradiation, all mice were sacrificed. The tumorsizes were measured, and tumor cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression were analyzed by flowcytometry. The expression of apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2 and the apoptotic rate of tumor cellswere observed by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Results: Tumors grew significantlyslower after LDR (P 【 0.05). The tumor cells were arrested in G1 phrase and the expression of Bcl-2protein decreased at 24 h. Apoptotic rate of tumor cells was increased significantly at 48 h afterLDR (P 【 0.01). Conclusion: LDR could cause a G1-phase arrest and increase the apoptosis of tumorcells through the low level of apoptosis-related protein bcl-2 in the tumor-bearing mice. Theorganized immune function and anti-tumor ability are markedly increased after LDR. Our studyprovides practical evidence of clinical application to cancer treatment.
文摘Zymography and in situ hybridization were used to investigate matrixmetalloproteinase -2, -9 (MMP -2, MMP-9) activities and expressions of MMP -2, -9 and TIMP1, -2, -3 (tissue inhibitors of matrix metallo-proteinases) mRNA in the rat uterus during estrouscycle. The relative activity was semiquanted by using densitometric analysis. The MMP-2(67 kDa) activity in every stage during estrpus cycle was detected by zymography. MMP-2activity was highest at proestrus; higher at estrus and metaestrus; lowest at diestrus. Throughin situ hybridization, MMP -2, -9, TIMP -1~ -3 mRNA mainly in hasal stroma cells of uterineendometrium were detected. The positive signals of MMP -2 and -9 mRNAs in hasal stromacells were shown stronger at proestrus, estrus and metaestrus while they showed the weakest atdiestrus. The expression of MMP -2 mRNA coincided with MMP -2 activity change. MMP-2and -9 mRNAs were also highly expressed in uterine circular muscle at estrus. Weak signals ofMMP -9 mRNA were detected in uterine luminal and glandular epithelial cells at estrus.TIMP -1 mRNA in hasal stroma cells was shown as the strongest expression at estrus andmetaestrus; stronger at proestrus and the weakest at diestrus. TIMP-2 mRNA in basal stromacells was stronger at estrus and diestrus; weaker at proestrus and metaestrus. TIMP -1 and -2mRNAs were also highly expressed in uterine luminal and glandular epithelial cells at estrus.TIMP -3 mRNA in hasal stroma cells revealed the strongest expression at estrus; stronger atdiestrus and metaestrus and showed the weakest at proestrus. The mRNA was also highlyexpressed in uterine circular muscle at estrus. In short, our present results provide evidencethat MMP -2, -9 and TIMP -1~ -3 were involved in rat uterine endometrium reconstructionduring estrous cycle.
