Objective: to explore the value of 16S rRNA sequencing in analyzing the microbial community of diabetic foot skin. Methods: 26 cases of diabetic foot patients admitted to our hospital (March 2019-April 2021) were sele...Objective: to explore the value of 16S rRNA sequencing in analyzing the microbial community of diabetic foot skin. Methods: 26 cases of diabetic foot patients admitted to our hospital (March 2019-April 2021) were selected by random sample sampling method, and their foot skin samples were collected. 16S rRNA sequencing technology was used to identify microbial species and analyze the flora characteristics and the correlation between skin micro-ecological groups and the occurrence of diabetic foot disease was analyzed. Results: the course of diabetes in 17 patients was long and the level of glycosylated hemoglobin was high. The difference between the two methods was significant (P>0.05). Wagner level of diabetic foot patients was positively correlated with the risk of skin microecology imbalance (r=8.256, P<0.001). Conclusion: compared with the culture results, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of pathogenic bacteria has higher accuracy, simple operation and significant application value, which can be further popularized.展开更多
Wu et al recently applied multi-region 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the gastric cancer microbiome,demonstrating improved taxonomic resolution and detection sensitivity over conventional single-region approaches...Wu et al recently applied multi-region 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the gastric cancer microbiome,demonstrating improved taxonomic resolution and detection sensitivity over conventional single-region approaches.While the study represents a valuable methodological step forward,it remains limited by singlecenter design,lack of quantitative calibration,and insufficient control for contamination and inter-laboratory variability.This editorial critically appraises these methodological gaps and emphasizes that future efforts must focus on harmonized,consensus-driven workflows to ensure reproducibility and clinical reliability.The translational potential of multi-region 16S lies in moving from descriptive microbial profiling to actionable clinical integration,particularly for recurrence prediction,treatment-response monitoring,and perioperative complication risk assessment.By addressing these methodological,economic,and ethical challenges,the field can advance toward evidence-based and clinically deployable microbiome-guided precision oncology.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gallstone(GS),a prevalent biliary disorder,is associated with bile stasis,infection,and cholesterol metabolism.Recent research highlights the potential role of bile microbiota in GS pathogenesis.This is a c...BACKGROUND Gallstone(GS),a prevalent biliary disorder,is associated with bile stasis,infection,and cholesterol metabolism.Recent research highlights the potential role of bile microbiota in GS pathogenesis.This is a case control study conducted at Jinshan Hospital between 2022 and 2023.AIM To investigate the relationship between bile microbiota dysbiosis and GS formation,and analyze bile microbiota composition in GS patients.METHODS This is a retrospective analysis conducted at Jinshan Hospital between 2022 and 2023.A total of 40 patients were analyzed,including 25 with GS and 15 with GSfree(GSF).Bile samples from 27 patients were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess microbial composition.RESULTS Significant differences were found in bile acid profiles between GS and GSF groups,with lower microbial diversity in GS patients,indicated by reduced Shannon,Chao,Ace,and Sobs indices,and a higher Simpson index.At the phylum level,the most abundant taxa in GS patients were Proteobacteria(91.59%),Firmicutes(2.90%),and Actinobacteria(1.70%),while Proteobacteria(79.81%),Firmicutes(9.67%),and Bacteroidota(3.80%)were predominated in the GSF group.Notably,Achromobacter was more abundant in GS patients,while Acinetobacter,Lactobacillus,and Prevotella were enriched in the GSF group,suggesting their potential protective role against GS formation.CONCLUSION Dysbiosis,particularly overgrowth of Proteobacteria,may contribute to gallstone formation,while Lactobacillus could play a protective role.Further research is needed to validate these findings.展开更多
BACKGROUND Distant metastasis causes most colorectal cancer(CRC)deaths.Gut microbiota(GM)dysbiosis and altered metabolites drive metastasis progression,serving as potential diagnostic biomarkers.AIM To investigate alt...BACKGROUND Distant metastasis causes most colorectal cancer(CRC)deaths.Gut microbiota(GM)dysbiosis and altered metabolites drive metastasis progression,serving as potential diagnostic biomarkers.AIM To investigate alterations in GM and metabolites between patients with nonmetastatic and distant metastatic CRC.METHODS According to the inclusion criteria,fresh fecal samples were collected from 14 non-metastatic CRC patients and 15 distant metastatic CRC patients.We performed 16S rRNA sequencing to analyze the composition,diversity,and differential abundance of GM,along with predictive functional profiling of microbial communities.Additionally,all samples underwent liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)-based untargeted metabolomic sequencing to identify metabolic changes and predict their biological functions.RESULTS The cohort comprised 16 non-metastatic CRC patients(designated as the S group)and 16 distant metastatic CRC patients(designated as the DZ group).Sequence analysis(16S rRNA)identified a total of 35016 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)across both groups(16886 OTUs in the S group;16270 in the DZ group;1860 shared between groups).Inter-group microbial diversity analysis revealed notable differences in theβ-diversity group(P<0.05).Comparative analysis of GM revealed significant taxonomic composition differences between groups(P<0.05),with higher relative abundances of Butyricicoccus,Ruminococcus_1,Coprococcus_2 in the S group,Pyramidobacter,Christensenellaceae_R-7_group,and Romboutsia in the DZ group(all P<0.05).Functional analysis of differential microbiota revealed predominant enrichment in metabolic pathways.LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics detected 91 differential metabolites in both positive and negative ionization modes.GM-derived metabolites showed significant alterations in the DZ group.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Human Metabolome Database analyses revealed associated pathways involving nucleic acids,organic heterocyclic compounds,alkaloids,lipids/lipid-like molecules,and nucleotides.These metabolites may function synergistically,as evidenced by positive correlations between diazoxide,hydroquinidine,aurapten,and triptophenolide.Differential metabolites were primarily involved in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis,central carbon metabolism in cancer,phenylalanine metabolism,vitamin B6 metabolism,and protein digestion and absorption pathways.CONCLUSION GM and microbial metabolites differ significantly between CRC patients with distant metastasis and those without metastasis.Metabolites involved in nucleic acid,alkaloid,and lipid metabolism pathways potentially contribute to distant metastasis in CRC.展开更多
Ma-Mu-Ran Antidiarrheal Capsules(MMRAC)is traditional Chinese medicine that has been used to treat diarrhea caused by acute enteritis(AE)and bacillary dysentery in Xinjiang(China)for many years.However,the potential t...Ma-Mu-Ran Antidiarrheal Capsules(MMRAC)is traditional Chinese medicine that has been used to treat diarrhea caused by acute enteritis(AE)and bacillary dysentery in Xinjiang(China)for many years.However,the potential therapeutic mechanism of MMRAC for AE and its regulatory mechanism on host metabolism is unclear.This study used fecal metabolomics profiling with GC/MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis to explore the potential regulatory mechanisms of MMRAC on a dextran sulfate sodium salt(DSS)-induced mouse model of AE.Fecal metabolomics-based analyses were performed to detect the differentially expressed metabolites and metabolic pathways.The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis was used to assess the altered gut microbes at the genus level and for functional prediction.Moreover,Pearson correlation analysis was used to integrate differentially expressed metabolites and altered bacterial genera.The results revealed that six intestinal bacteria and seven metabolites mediated metabolic disorders(i.e.,metabolism of amino acid,carbohydrate,cofactors and vitamins,and lipid)in AE mice.Besides,ten altered microbes mediated the differential expression of eight metabolites and regulated these metabolisms after MMRAC administration.Overall,these findings demonstrate that AE is associated with metabolic disorders and microbial dysbiosis.Further,we present that MMRAC exerts protective effects against AE by improving host metabolism through the intestinal flora.展开更多
This study establishes and validates a method for the precise quantification of aquatic microbial loads using microbial diversity absolute quantitative sequencing.By adding synthetic spike-in DNA to water samples from...This study establishes and validates a method for the precise quantification of aquatic microbial loads using microbial diversity absolute quantitative sequencing.By adding synthetic spike-in DNA to water samples from the Dahei River prior to DNA extraction and 16S rRNA gene sequencing,it generates standard curves to convert sequencing data into absolute microbial copy numbers.The method,which is proved highly accurate(R^(2)>0.99),reveals a clear contrast between the river sites:the upstream community has not only a significantly higher total microbial load but also a completely different makeup of species compared to the downstream site.This approach effectively overcomes the limitations of relative abundance analysis,providing a powerful tool for environmental monitoring,and proposes key steps for future standardization to ensure data comparability and integration.展开更多
Intensive fish farming systems in Brazil have increased the disease incidence, mainly of bacterial origin, due to higher stocking density, high organic matter levels and poor quality of the aquatic environment that ca...Intensive fish farming systems in Brazil have increased the disease incidence, mainly of bacterial origin, due to higher stocking density, high organic matter levels and poor quality of the aquatic environment that causes high mortality rates during outbreaks. The identification of pathogenic species using a fast and reliable method of diagnosis is essential for successful epidemiological studies and disease control. The present study evaluated the use of direct colony PCR in combination with 16S rRNA gene sequencing to diagnose fish bacterial diseases, with the goal of reducing the costs and time necessary for bacterial identification. The method was successful for all 178 isolates tested and produced bands with the same intensity as the standard PCR performed using pure DNA. In conclusion, the genetics methods allowed detecting the most common and important pathogens in Aquaculture, including 12 species of occurrence in Brazilian fish farms. The results of the present study constitute an advance in the available diagnostic methods for bacterial pathogens in fish farms.展开更多
Background:Osteoporosis(OP)has become a major public health issue,threatening the bone health of middle-aged and elderly people from all around the world.Changes in the gut microbiota(GM)are correlated with the mainte...Background:Osteoporosis(OP)has become a major public health issue,threatening the bone health of middle-aged and elderly people from all around the world.Changes in the gut microbiota(GM)are correlated with the maintenance of bone mass and bone quality.However,research results in this field remain highly controversial,and no systematic review or meta-analysis of the relationship between GM and OP has been conducted.This paper addresses this shortcoming,focusing on the difference in the GM abundance between OP patients and healthy controls based on previous 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)gene sequencing results,in order to provide new clinical reference information for future customized prevention and treatment options of OP.Methods:According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA),we comprehensively searched the databases of Pub Med,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane Library,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI).In addition,we applied the R programming language version 4.0.3 and Stata 15.1 software for data analysis.We also implemented the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS),funnel plot analysis,sensitivity analysis,Egger’s test,and Begg’s test to assess the risk of bias.Results:This research ultimately considered 12 studies,which included the fecal GM data of 2033 people(604 with OP and 1429 healthy controls).In the included research papers,it was observed that the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus increased in the OP group,while the relative abundance for Bacteroides of Bacteroidetes increased(except for Ireland).Meanwhile,Firmicutes,Blautia,Alistipes,Megamonas,and Anaerostipes showed reduced relative abundance in Chinese studies.In the linear discriminant analysis Effect Size(LEfSe)analysis,certain bacteria showed statistically significant results consistently across different studies.Conclusions:This observational meta-analysis revealed that changes in the GM were correlated with OP,and variations in some advantageous GM might involve regional differences.展开更多
Background and Aims:Accumulating evidence highlights the association between the gut microbiota and liver cirrhosis.However,the role of the gut microbiota in liver cirrhosis remains unclear.Methods:We first assessed t...Background and Aims:Accumulating evidence highlights the association between the gut microbiota and liver cirrhosis.However,the role of the gut microbiota in liver cirrhosis remains unclear.Methods:We first assessed the differences in the composition of the bacterial community between CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis and control mice using 16S rRNA sequencing.We then performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis to reveal the underlying causal relationship between the gut microbiota and liver cirrhosis.Causal relationships were analyzed using primary inverse variance weighting(IVW)and other supplemental MR methods.Furthermore,fecal samples from liver cirrhosis patients and healthy controls were collected to validate the results of the MR analysis.Results:Analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing indicated significant differences in gut microbiota composition between the cirrhosis and control groups.IVW analyses suggested that Alphaproteobacteria,Bacillales,NB1n,Rhodospirillales,Dorea,Lachnospiraceae,and Rhodospirillaceae were positively correlated with the risk of liver cirrhosis,whereas Butyricicoccus,Hungatella,Marvinbryantia,and Lactobacillaceae displayed the opposite effects.However,the weighted median and MR-PRESSO estimates further showed that only Butyricicoccus and Marvinbryantia presented stable negative associations with liver cirrhosis.No significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was observed in the sensitivity analysis.Furthermore,the result of 16S rRNA sequencing also showed that healthy controls had a higher relative abundance of Butyricicoccus and Marvinbryantia than liver cirrhosis patients.Conclusions:Our study provides new causal evidence for the link between gut microbiota and liver cirrhosis,which may contribute to the discovery of novel strategies to prevent liver cirrhosis.展开更多
A 605 bp section of mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene from Paralichthys olivaceus, Pseudorhombus cinnamomeus, Psetta maxima and Kareius bicoloratus, which represent 3 families of Order Pleuronectiformes was amplified by PCR...A 605 bp section of mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene from Paralichthys olivaceus, Pseudorhombus cinnamomeus, Psetta maxima and Kareius bicoloratus, which represent 3 families of Order Pleuronectiformes was amplified by PCR and sequenced to show the molecular systematics of Pleuronectiformes for comparison with related gene sequences of other 6 flatfish downloaded from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis based on ge- netic distance from related gene sequences of 10 flatfish showed that this method was ideal to explore the rela- tionship between species, genera and families. Phylogenetic trees set-up is based on neighbor-joining, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods that accords to the general rule of Pleuronectiformes evolution. But they also resulted in some confusion. Unlike data from morphological characters, P. olivaceus clustered with K. bicoloratus, but P. cinnamomeus did not cluster with P. olivaceus, which is worth further studying.展开更多
Objective:To determine the effects of a high-fat diet(HFD)on the gut microbiome in rats,to explore the relationship between the intestinal flora and blood lipid profile.Methods:SpragueeDawley rats were fed an HFD for ...Objective:To determine the effects of a high-fat diet(HFD)on the gut microbiome in rats,to explore the relationship between the intestinal flora and blood lipid profile.Methods:SpragueeDawley rats were fed an HFD for four weeks to induce hyperlipidemia,then 16S rRNA sequencing was used to compare the intestinal flora between hyperlipidemic and control diet-fed rats.Results:The microbiome of rats fed an HFD for four weeks differed from that of control diet-fed rats.Bacterial species that were less abundant were most affected by HFD feeding,among which were many pathogenic species,which became significantly more abundant.Eighteen genera were present in significantly different numbers in hyperlipidemic and control rats,more than half of which have been linked to infection and inflammation,or energy intake and obesity.The results indicated a type of stress response of the flora to a high-fat environment.In addition,the age of the rats tended to influence the gut microbial composition.Conclusion:These findings suggest that HFD may induce hyperlipidemia by affecting the gut microbial composition.Changes in the abundance of pro-inflammatory and pathogenic bacteria,and those that influence energy intake and obesity,may be important mediators of this.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatic malignancies represent the sixth most prevalent cancer globally,with emerging evidence revealing that intratumoral microbes actively modulate carcinogenesis through immunomodulation and metabolic re...BACKGROUND Hepatic malignancies represent the sixth most prevalent cancer globally,with emerging evidence revealing that intratumoral microbes actively modulate carcinogenesis through immunomodulation and metabolic reprogramming.Recent high-throughput sequencing technologies have identified taxonomically diverse microbial communities within tumor tissues,challenging traditional sterility paradigms.Germ-free mouse models have established causal relationships between gut microbiota and hepatocarcinogenesis.However,comprehensive evaluation of intratumoral microbiota as clinical biomarkers remains limited,necessitating systematic analysis of their diagnostic,prognostic,and therapeutic applications in hepatic malignancies.AIM To systematically analyze intratumoral microbes as biomarkers for hepatic malignancies diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment response.METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed from inception to July 2025 using keywords combining hepatic malignancies,intratumoral microbiota,and biomarkers.Inclusion criteria encompassed human studies examining intratumoral microbial communities with biomarker applications.Exclusion criteria included animal-only studies,reviews,and research focusing solely on gut microbiota.Data extraction focused on diagnostic accuracy,prognostic significance,therapeutic predictions,and underlying mechanisms.Study quality was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale,with scores≥7 indicating high quality.RESULTS Twenty studies(sample sizes:18-925 patients)examining hepatocellular carcinoma(80%)and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(20%)were included.All studies achieved Newcastle-Ottawa Scale scores≥6,with 60%scoring the maximum 9 points,indicating moderate-to-high quality.Studies predominantly employed 16S rRNA sequencing(100%)targeting V3-V4 regions,with complementary validation techniques including fluorescence in situ hybridization,quantitative PCR,and immunohistochemistry.Specific bacterial taxa demonstrated exceptional diagnostic accuracy[area under the curve(AUC)>0.9]for tumor discrimination.Notably,Bacilli showed AUC=0.943 in validation cohorts.Microbial diversity and specific genera(Methylobacterium,Akkermansia,Intestinimonas)showed consistent prognostic associations with survival outcomes,though relationships varied across cancer subtypes.Advanced risk stratification models incorporating multiple bacterial biomarkers showed independent predictive capacity through multivariable Cox regression.Mechanistic investigations revealed microbe-mediated oncogenic pathway activation,particularly NF-κB signaling,immune modulation through M2 macrophage polarization,and drug resistance mechanisms via autophagy regulation.Germ-free mouse models established causal relationships,demonstrating that specific bacterial communities,particularly Klebsiella pneumoniae,can autonomously initiate hepatocarcinogenesis through TLR4-dependent pathways.CONCLUSION Intratumoral microbes represent promising clinical biomarkers for hepatic malignancies across diagnostic,prognostic,and therapeutic applications.While standardization and multicenter validation remain essential prerequisites,mechanistic evidence from human and experimental studies positions microbiome-based biomarkers at the threshold of clinical translation.展开更多
Objectives:Chronic stress can trigger neuroinflammation and gut microbiota alterations,contributing to post-stress disorders.Individual differences in stress responses,shaped by genetic and physiological factors,requi...Objectives:Chronic stress can trigger neuroinflammation and gut microbiota alterations,contributing to post-stress disorders.Individual differences in stress responses,shaped by genetic and physiological factors,require better characterization.We aimed to investigate the long-term effects of chronic stress in rats selectively bred for high and low nervous system excitability.Methods:Adult male rats from two strains selectively bred for high(HT)and low(LT)excitability thresholds of the nervous system underwent a 15-day chronic emotional-pain stress protocol.Behavioral assessments(elevated plusmaze),cytokine levels(TNF,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10)in the hippocampus and amygdala measured by ELISA,glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP+)cell counts obtained via immunohistochemistry in the prefrontal cortex,hippocampus,and amygdala,and gutmicrobiota profiling(16S rRNAsequencing)were conducted on days 7 and 24 post-stress.Results:By day 24,LT rats exhibited reduced exploratory behavior,elevated proinflammatory cytokines,and decreased GFAP+cells across multiple brain regions.In contrast,HT rats exhibited an anxiety-like phenotype even in controls but showed increased exploratory activity after stress,without signs of brain inflammation;GFAP+reduction was limited to the hippocampus.Microbiota composition remained stable in LT rats but changed transiently in HT rats.Conclusion:Two distinct stress response patterns emerged:delayed neuroinflammatory and behavioral dysregulation with rigid microbiota in LT rats,vs.primarily behavioral changes with transient microbiota shifts in HT rats.These findings highlight the need to consider genetic excitability traits when modeling stress-related disorders and exploring potential therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Recently,the gut microbiota has been identified as a significant risk factor associated with metabolic disorders related to obesity.Advances in high-throu-ghput sequencing technology have clarified the relationship be...Recently,the gut microbiota has been identified as a significant risk factor associated with metabolic disorders related to obesity.Advances in high-throu-ghput sequencing technology have clarified the relationship between childhood obesity and changes in the gut microbiota.This commentary focuses on analyzing the study by Li et al,which utilized 16S rRNA molecular markers to compare differences in gut microbiota between obese and normal-weight children.Additionally,the review by Pan et al is referenced to supplement perspectives and evaluate the findings of this study.We also analyze the strengths and limitations of the original study and suggest potential research directions to elucidate the complex relationship between gut microbiota and childhood obesity,thereby providing a scientific basis for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.展开更多
Objective Recent studies have overturned the traditional concept of the lung as a “sterile organ” revealing that pulmonary microbiota dysbiosis and abnormal surfactant proteins(SPs) expression are involved in the pr...Objective Recent studies have overturned the traditional concept of the lung as a “sterile organ” revealing that pulmonary microbiota dysbiosis and abnormal surfactant proteins(SPs) expression are involved in the progression of silicosis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between abnormal SPs expression and dysbiosis of lung microbiota in silica-induced lung fibrosis, providing insights into mechanisms of silicosis.Methods Lung pathology, SPs expression, and microbiota composition were evaluated in silicaexposed mice. A mouse model of antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion was established, and alveolar structure and SPs expression were assessed. The roles of the lung microbiota and SPs in silicosis progression were further evaluated in mice with antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion, both with and without silica exposure.Results Silica exposure induced lung inflammation and fibrosis, along with increased expression of SPA expression. Antibiotics(Abx)-induced microbiota depletion elevated SP-A and SP-D expression.Furthermore, silica exposure altered lung microbiota composition, enriching potentially pathogenic taxa.However, antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion prior to silica exposure reduced silica-mediated lung fibrosis and inflammation.Conclusion Lung microbiota is associated with silica-induced lung injury. Overproduction of SP-A and SP-D, induced by Abx-induced microbiota depletion, may enhance the resistance of mouse lung tissue to silica-induced injury.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the mechanisms underlying the renoprotective effects of celastrol,a bioactive compound extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii in diabetic kidney disease(...Objective:To investigate the mechanisms underlying the renoprotective effects of celastrol,a bioactive compound extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii in diabetic kidney disease(DKD).Methods:We established a DKD model using db/db mice and investigated the protective mechanisms of celastrol against DKD progression using integrated analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis.We evaluated colon tissue damage using hematoxylin and eosin and immunofluorescence staining.In addition,16S rRNA sequencing and transcriptomic analyses were performed to explore the potential mechanisms of celastrol.Immunofluorescence staining,Western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis were performed to confirm the PPAR signaling pathway related proteins in kidney tissues.Results:Celastrol alleviated colon injury and increased the expression of mucosal barrier markers,particularly occludin and zonula occludens-1.The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis demonstrated that treatment with celastrol altered the diversity and abundance of the gut microbiota.Spearman’s correlation analysis further revealed significant associations among gut microbial,renal injury markers,and serum lipid profiles.A subsequent renal transcriptome analysis revealed that celastrol significantly modulated the renal transcriptional landscape,primarily by regulating genes associated with the PPAR signaling pathway and lipid metabolism.Further investigations demonstrated that celastrol significantly downregulated adipose differentiation-related protein expression and attenuated DKD progression by activating the PPAR pathway.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that celastrol alleviates both colonic and renal injuries by modulating the gut-kidney axis through PPAR-mediated lipid metabolism regulation,indicating its potential as a therapeutic approach for DKD management.展开更多
Wet-salted skin,as a special artificial high-salt environment,is rich in protein,fat,collagen and other nutrient substrates,and is a rich resource of halotolerant and halophilic microorganisms.However,knowledge gaps r...Wet-salted skin,as a special artificial high-salt environment,is rich in protein,fat,collagen and other nutrient substrates,and is a rich resource of halotolerant and halophilic microorganisms.However,knowledge gaps regarding the microbial community structure and inter taxa associations of wet-salted skin are large.In this study,the spatiotemporal dynamics and community structure of microorganisms present on wet-salted goatskins were investigated using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and culturable technique.Alpha diversity analysis based on Sobs,Chao,Ace and Shannon indices revealed that microbial diversity on the wet-salted goatskins exhibited a trend of‘down→up→down→flat’with time.During preservation,genera belonging to the bacteria domain such as Aci-netobacter,Weissella and Streptococcus were slowly dying out,whereas those belonging to halophilic archaea such as Natrialba and Haloterrigena were gradually flourishing.Moreover,to resist high-salt stress,microorganisms on the wet-salted goatskin gradually migrated from the outside to the inside,eventually leading to the microbial diversity inside the skin being the same as or even higher than that on the skin surface.Venn diagram analysis revealed that the strains of some genera,including Psychrobacter,Salimicrobium,Salinicola,Ornithinibacillus,Halomonas,Bacillus and Chromohalobacter,were distributed throughout the interior and exterior of the wet-salted goatskin and existed during various periods.Accordingly,45 protease-producing halophilic or halotolerant microorganisms were isolated and screened from the wet-salted goatskin using the gradient dilution plate method.Importantly,16S rRNA genes of some bacteria exhibited less than 99.5%similarity to valid published species,indicating that they likely are novel spe-cies and have a good potential for application.展开更多
Brachionus plicatilis,a type of rotifer,is a vital live feed in marine aquaculture,particularly during the early developmental stages of fish and crustacean larvae.However,under high-density culture conditions,rotifer...Brachionus plicatilis,a type of rotifer,is a vital live feed in marine aquaculture,particularly during the early developmental stages of fish and crustacean larvae.However,under high-density culture conditions,rotifers tend to accumulate and transport substantial quantities of bacteria,fungi,and other microorganisms present in aquatic environments.Sustainable and efficient methods for suppressing pathogenic microorganisms in B.plicatilis cultures while simultaneously improving its safety and quality as a live feed in aquaculture remain underdeveloped.To address this gap,we investigated the effects of aquatic effective microorganisms(EMs)on the population density and microbial community structure of B.plicatilis under extensive culture conditions.We monitored changes in B.plicatilis population density in response to varying concentrations of the EM inoculants.The diversity,composition,and temporal dynamics of the intestinal and surface microbiota at an optimal EM inoculant concentration and analyzed microbial community dynamics through high-throughput sequencing,which allowed for a precise evaluation of the effects on microbial diversity.Results demonstrated that treatment with a 1.0%EM inoculant for 24 h considerably increased B.plicatilis density while effectively reducing the load of harmful pathogenic microorganisms.Additionally,these results suggest that EM inoculation regulates microbial community structure by inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms and promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria without introducing residual environmental contaminants.Overall,this study offers a viable approach for sustaining aquaculture practices,contributing to global food security initiatives by promoting environmentally friendly and safe fish feed production.展开更多
Many recent studies have shown that the gut microbiome plays important roles in human physiology and pathology.Also,microbiome-based therapies have been used to improve health status and treat diseases.In addition,agi...Many recent studies have shown that the gut microbiome plays important roles in human physiology and pathology.Also,microbiome-based therapies have been used to improve health status and treat diseases.In addition,aging and neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease,have become topics of intense interest in biomedical research.Several researchers have explored the links between these topics to study the potential pathogenic or therapeutic effects of intestinal microbiota in disease.But the exact relationship between neurodegenerative diseases and gut microbiota remains unclear.As technology advances,new techniques for studying the microbiome will be developed and refined,and the relationship between diseases and gut microbiota will be revealed.This article summarizes the known interactions between the gut microbiome and neurodegenerative diseases,highlighting assay techniques for the gut microbiome,and we also discuss the potential therapeutic role of microbiome-based therapies in diseases.展开更多
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence links gut microbiota to various human diseases including colorectal cancer(CRC)initiation and development.However,gut microbiota profiles associated with CRC recurrence and patient prognos...BACKGROUND Emerging evidence links gut microbiota to various human diseases including colorectal cancer(CRC)initiation and development.However,gut microbiota profiles associated with CRC recurrence and patient prognosis are not completely understood yet,especially in a Chinese cohort.AIM To investigate the relationship between gut mucosal microbiota profiles and CRC recurrence and patient prognosis.METHODS We obtained the composition and structure of gut microbiota collected from 75 patients diagnosed with CRC and 26 healthy controls.The patients were followed up by regular examination to determine whether tumors recurred.Triplet-paired samples from on-tumor,adjacent-tumor and off-tumor sites of patients diagnosed with/without CRC recurrence were analyzed to assess spatial-specific patterns of gut mucosal microbiota by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing.Next,we carried out bioinformatic analyses,Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and Cox regression analyses to determine the relationship between gut mucosal microbiota profiles and CRC recurrence and patient prognosis.RESULTS We observed spatial-specific patterns of gut mucosal microbiota profiles linked to CRC recurrence and patient prognosis.A total of 17 bacterial genera/families were identified as potential biomarkers for CRC recurrence and patient prognosis,including Anaerotruncus,Bacteroidales,Coriobacteriaceae,Dialister,Eubacterium,Fusobacterium,Filifactor,Gemella,Haemophilus,Mogibacteriazeae,Pyramidobacter,Parvimonas,Porphyromonadaceae,Slackia,Schwartzia,TG5 and Treponema.CONCLUSION Our work suggests that intestinal microbiota can serve as biomarkers to predict the risk of CRC recurrence and patient death.展开更多
文摘Objective: to explore the value of 16S rRNA sequencing in analyzing the microbial community of diabetic foot skin. Methods: 26 cases of diabetic foot patients admitted to our hospital (March 2019-April 2021) were selected by random sample sampling method, and their foot skin samples were collected. 16S rRNA sequencing technology was used to identify microbial species and analyze the flora characteristics and the correlation between skin micro-ecological groups and the occurrence of diabetic foot disease was analyzed. Results: the course of diabetes in 17 patients was long and the level of glycosylated hemoglobin was high. The difference between the two methods was significant (P>0.05). Wagner level of diabetic foot patients was positively correlated with the risk of skin microecology imbalance (r=8.256, P<0.001). Conclusion: compared with the culture results, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of pathogenic bacteria has higher accuracy, simple operation and significant application value, which can be further popularized.
文摘Wu et al recently applied multi-region 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the gastric cancer microbiome,demonstrating improved taxonomic resolution and detection sensitivity over conventional single-region approaches.While the study represents a valuable methodological step forward,it remains limited by singlecenter design,lack of quantitative calibration,and insufficient control for contamination and inter-laboratory variability.This editorial critically appraises these methodological gaps and emphasizes that future efforts must focus on harmonized,consensus-driven workflows to ensure reproducibility and clinical reliability.The translational potential of multi-region 16S lies in moving from descriptive microbial profiling to actionable clinical integration,particularly for recurrence prediction,treatment-response monitoring,and perioperative complication risk assessment.By addressing these methodological,economic,and ethical challenges,the field can advance toward evidence-based and clinically deployable microbiome-guided precision oncology.
基金Supported by the Youth Scientific Research Launch Fund Project of Jinshan Hospital,Affiliated with Fudan University,No.JYQN-LC-202214.
文摘BACKGROUND Gallstone(GS),a prevalent biliary disorder,is associated with bile stasis,infection,and cholesterol metabolism.Recent research highlights the potential role of bile microbiota in GS pathogenesis.This is a case control study conducted at Jinshan Hospital between 2022 and 2023.AIM To investigate the relationship between bile microbiota dysbiosis and GS formation,and analyze bile microbiota composition in GS patients.METHODS This is a retrospective analysis conducted at Jinshan Hospital between 2022 and 2023.A total of 40 patients were analyzed,including 25 with GS and 15 with GSfree(GSF).Bile samples from 27 patients were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess microbial composition.RESULTS Significant differences were found in bile acid profiles between GS and GSF groups,with lower microbial diversity in GS patients,indicated by reduced Shannon,Chao,Ace,and Sobs indices,and a higher Simpson index.At the phylum level,the most abundant taxa in GS patients were Proteobacteria(91.59%),Firmicutes(2.90%),and Actinobacteria(1.70%),while Proteobacteria(79.81%),Firmicutes(9.67%),and Bacteroidota(3.80%)were predominated in the GSF group.Notably,Achromobacter was more abundant in GS patients,while Acinetobacter,Lactobacillus,and Prevotella were enriched in the GSF group,suggesting their potential protective role against GS formation.CONCLUSION Dysbiosis,particularly overgrowth of Proteobacteria,may contribute to gallstone formation,while Lactobacillus could play a protective role.Further research is needed to validate these findings.
文摘BACKGROUND Distant metastasis causes most colorectal cancer(CRC)deaths.Gut microbiota(GM)dysbiosis and altered metabolites drive metastasis progression,serving as potential diagnostic biomarkers.AIM To investigate alterations in GM and metabolites between patients with nonmetastatic and distant metastatic CRC.METHODS According to the inclusion criteria,fresh fecal samples were collected from 14 non-metastatic CRC patients and 15 distant metastatic CRC patients.We performed 16S rRNA sequencing to analyze the composition,diversity,and differential abundance of GM,along with predictive functional profiling of microbial communities.Additionally,all samples underwent liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)-based untargeted metabolomic sequencing to identify metabolic changes and predict their biological functions.RESULTS The cohort comprised 16 non-metastatic CRC patients(designated as the S group)and 16 distant metastatic CRC patients(designated as the DZ group).Sequence analysis(16S rRNA)identified a total of 35016 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)across both groups(16886 OTUs in the S group;16270 in the DZ group;1860 shared between groups).Inter-group microbial diversity analysis revealed notable differences in theβ-diversity group(P<0.05).Comparative analysis of GM revealed significant taxonomic composition differences between groups(P<0.05),with higher relative abundances of Butyricicoccus,Ruminococcus_1,Coprococcus_2 in the S group,Pyramidobacter,Christensenellaceae_R-7_group,and Romboutsia in the DZ group(all P<0.05).Functional analysis of differential microbiota revealed predominant enrichment in metabolic pathways.LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics detected 91 differential metabolites in both positive and negative ionization modes.GM-derived metabolites showed significant alterations in the DZ group.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Human Metabolome Database analyses revealed associated pathways involving nucleic acids,organic heterocyclic compounds,alkaloids,lipids/lipid-like molecules,and nucleotides.These metabolites may function synergistically,as evidenced by positive correlations between diazoxide,hydroquinidine,aurapten,and triptophenolide.Differential metabolites were primarily involved in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis,central carbon metabolism in cancer,phenylalanine metabolism,vitamin B6 metabolism,and protein digestion and absorption pathways.CONCLUSION GM and microbial metabolites differ significantly between CRC patients with distant metastasis and those without metastasis.Metabolites involved in nucleic acid,alkaloid,and lipid metabolism pathways potentially contribute to distant metastasis in CRC.
基金supported by Tianchi plan of introducing high-level talents in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2019-39)Major projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region“Research and development of new ethnic drugs and large varieties”(2016A03005-2).
文摘Ma-Mu-Ran Antidiarrheal Capsules(MMRAC)is traditional Chinese medicine that has been used to treat diarrhea caused by acute enteritis(AE)and bacillary dysentery in Xinjiang(China)for many years.However,the potential therapeutic mechanism of MMRAC for AE and its regulatory mechanism on host metabolism is unclear.This study used fecal metabolomics profiling with GC/MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis to explore the potential regulatory mechanisms of MMRAC on a dextran sulfate sodium salt(DSS)-induced mouse model of AE.Fecal metabolomics-based analyses were performed to detect the differentially expressed metabolites and metabolic pathways.The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis was used to assess the altered gut microbes at the genus level and for functional prediction.Moreover,Pearson correlation analysis was used to integrate differentially expressed metabolites and altered bacterial genera.The results revealed that six intestinal bacteria and seven metabolites mediated metabolic disorders(i.e.,metabolism of amino acid,carbohydrate,cofactors and vitamins,and lipid)in AE mice.Besides,ten altered microbes mediated the differential expression of eight metabolites and regulated these metabolisms after MMRAC administration.Overall,these findings demonstrate that AE is associated with metabolic disorders and microbial dysbiosis.Further,we present that MMRAC exerts protective effects against AE by improving host metabolism through the intestinal flora.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32160172)the Key Science-Technology Project of Inner Mongolia(2023KYPT0010)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(Grant No.2025QN03006)the 2023 Inner Mongolia Public Institution High-level Talent Introduction Scientific Research Support Project.
文摘This study establishes and validates a method for the precise quantification of aquatic microbial loads using microbial diversity absolute quantitative sequencing.By adding synthetic spike-in DNA to water samples from the Dahei River prior to DNA extraction and 16S rRNA gene sequencing,it generates standard curves to convert sequencing data into absolute microbial copy numbers.The method,which is proved highly accurate(R^(2)>0.99),reveals a clear contrast between the river sites:the upstream community has not only a significantly higher total microbial load but also a completely different makeup of species compared to the downstream site.This approach effectively overcomes the limitations of relative abundance analysis,providing a powerful tool for environmental monitoring,and proposes key steps for future standardization to ensure data comparability and integration.
基金thank the State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP-Process 2011/07951-5)for the financial support.
文摘Intensive fish farming systems in Brazil have increased the disease incidence, mainly of bacterial origin, due to higher stocking density, high organic matter levels and poor quality of the aquatic environment that causes high mortality rates during outbreaks. The identification of pathogenic species using a fast and reliable method of diagnosis is essential for successful epidemiological studies and disease control. The present study evaluated the use of direct colony PCR in combination with 16S rRNA gene sequencing to diagnose fish bacterial diseases, with the goal of reducing the costs and time necessary for bacterial identification. The method was successful for all 178 isolates tested and produced bands with the same intensity as the standard PCR performed using pure DNA. In conclusion, the genetics methods allowed detecting the most common and important pathogens in Aquaculture, including 12 species of occurrence in Brazilian fish farms. The results of the present study constitute an advance in the available diagnostic methods for bacterial pathogens in fish farms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81860391)the Guangxi Medical High-level Backbone Talents Training“139”Program Training Project(No.[2020]15)the Guangxi Hundred Thousand Talents Project(No.[2019]32),China.
文摘Background:Osteoporosis(OP)has become a major public health issue,threatening the bone health of middle-aged and elderly people from all around the world.Changes in the gut microbiota(GM)are correlated with the maintenance of bone mass and bone quality.However,research results in this field remain highly controversial,and no systematic review or meta-analysis of the relationship between GM and OP has been conducted.This paper addresses this shortcoming,focusing on the difference in the GM abundance between OP patients and healthy controls based on previous 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)gene sequencing results,in order to provide new clinical reference information for future customized prevention and treatment options of OP.Methods:According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA),we comprehensively searched the databases of Pub Med,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane Library,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI).In addition,we applied the R programming language version 4.0.3 and Stata 15.1 software for data analysis.We also implemented the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS),funnel plot analysis,sensitivity analysis,Egger’s test,and Begg’s test to assess the risk of bias.Results:This research ultimately considered 12 studies,which included the fecal GM data of 2033 people(604 with OP and 1429 healthy controls).In the included research papers,it was observed that the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus increased in the OP group,while the relative abundance for Bacteroides of Bacteroidetes increased(except for Ireland).Meanwhile,Firmicutes,Blautia,Alistipes,Megamonas,and Anaerostipes showed reduced relative abundance in Chinese studies.In the linear discriminant analysis Effect Size(LEfSe)analysis,certain bacteria showed statistically significant results consistently across different studies.Conclusions:This observational meta-analysis revealed that changes in the GM were correlated with OP,and variations in some advantageous GM might involve regional differences.
基金supported by the Wuhan University Education&Development Foundation(2002330)the National Stem Cell Clinical Research Project of Chinathe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2042022kf1115).
文摘Background and Aims:Accumulating evidence highlights the association between the gut microbiota and liver cirrhosis.However,the role of the gut microbiota in liver cirrhosis remains unclear.Methods:We first assessed the differences in the composition of the bacterial community between CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis and control mice using 16S rRNA sequencing.We then performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis to reveal the underlying causal relationship between the gut microbiota and liver cirrhosis.Causal relationships were analyzed using primary inverse variance weighting(IVW)and other supplemental MR methods.Furthermore,fecal samples from liver cirrhosis patients and healthy controls were collected to validate the results of the MR analysis.Results:Analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing indicated significant differences in gut microbiota composition between the cirrhosis and control groups.IVW analyses suggested that Alphaproteobacteria,Bacillales,NB1n,Rhodospirillales,Dorea,Lachnospiraceae,and Rhodospirillaceae were positively correlated with the risk of liver cirrhosis,whereas Butyricicoccus,Hungatella,Marvinbryantia,and Lactobacillaceae displayed the opposite effects.However,the weighted median and MR-PRESSO estimates further showed that only Butyricicoccus and Marvinbryantia presented stable negative associations with liver cirrhosis.No significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was observed in the sensitivity analysis.Furthermore,the result of 16S rRNA sequencing also showed that healthy controls had a higher relative abundance of Butyricicoccus and Marvinbryantia than liver cirrhosis patients.Conclusions:Our study provides new causal evidence for the link between gut microbiota and liver cirrhosis,which may contribute to the discovery of novel strategies to prevent liver cirrhosis.
基金Supported by Natural Science Fund of China (No. 30271036) and Natural Science Fund of Shandong Province of China
文摘A 605 bp section of mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene from Paralichthys olivaceus, Pseudorhombus cinnamomeus, Psetta maxima and Kareius bicoloratus, which represent 3 families of Order Pleuronectiformes was amplified by PCR and sequenced to show the molecular systematics of Pleuronectiformes for comparison with related gene sequences of other 6 flatfish downloaded from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis based on ge- netic distance from related gene sequences of 10 flatfish showed that this method was ideal to explore the rela- tionship between species, genera and families. Phylogenetic trees set-up is based on neighbor-joining, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods that accords to the general rule of Pleuronectiformes evolution. But they also resulted in some confusion. Unlike data from morphological characters, P. olivaceus clustered with K. bicoloratus, but P. cinnamomeus did not cluster with P. olivaceus, which is worth further studying.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81773960 and 81973535)the National Science and Technology Major Projects for“Major New Drugs Innovation and Development”(2017ZX09301011).
文摘Objective:To determine the effects of a high-fat diet(HFD)on the gut microbiome in rats,to explore the relationship between the intestinal flora and blood lipid profile.Methods:SpragueeDawley rats were fed an HFD for four weeks to induce hyperlipidemia,then 16S rRNA sequencing was used to compare the intestinal flora between hyperlipidemic and control diet-fed rats.Results:The microbiome of rats fed an HFD for four weeks differed from that of control diet-fed rats.Bacterial species that were less abundant were most affected by HFD feeding,among which were many pathogenic species,which became significantly more abundant.Eighteen genera were present in significantly different numbers in hyperlipidemic and control rats,more than half of which have been linked to infection and inflammation,or energy intake and obesity.The results indicated a type of stress response of the flora to a high-fat environment.In addition,the age of the rats tended to influence the gut microbial composition.Conclusion:These findings suggest that HFD may induce hyperlipidemia by affecting the gut microbial composition.Changes in the abundance of pro-inflammatory and pathogenic bacteria,and those that influence energy intake and obesity,may be important mediators of this.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatic malignancies represent the sixth most prevalent cancer globally,with emerging evidence revealing that intratumoral microbes actively modulate carcinogenesis through immunomodulation and metabolic reprogramming.Recent high-throughput sequencing technologies have identified taxonomically diverse microbial communities within tumor tissues,challenging traditional sterility paradigms.Germ-free mouse models have established causal relationships between gut microbiota and hepatocarcinogenesis.However,comprehensive evaluation of intratumoral microbiota as clinical biomarkers remains limited,necessitating systematic analysis of their diagnostic,prognostic,and therapeutic applications in hepatic malignancies.AIM To systematically analyze intratumoral microbes as biomarkers for hepatic malignancies diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment response.METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed from inception to July 2025 using keywords combining hepatic malignancies,intratumoral microbiota,and biomarkers.Inclusion criteria encompassed human studies examining intratumoral microbial communities with biomarker applications.Exclusion criteria included animal-only studies,reviews,and research focusing solely on gut microbiota.Data extraction focused on diagnostic accuracy,prognostic significance,therapeutic predictions,and underlying mechanisms.Study quality was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale,with scores≥7 indicating high quality.RESULTS Twenty studies(sample sizes:18-925 patients)examining hepatocellular carcinoma(80%)and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(20%)were included.All studies achieved Newcastle-Ottawa Scale scores≥6,with 60%scoring the maximum 9 points,indicating moderate-to-high quality.Studies predominantly employed 16S rRNA sequencing(100%)targeting V3-V4 regions,with complementary validation techniques including fluorescence in situ hybridization,quantitative PCR,and immunohistochemistry.Specific bacterial taxa demonstrated exceptional diagnostic accuracy[area under the curve(AUC)>0.9]for tumor discrimination.Notably,Bacilli showed AUC=0.943 in validation cohorts.Microbial diversity and specific genera(Methylobacterium,Akkermansia,Intestinimonas)showed consistent prognostic associations with survival outcomes,though relationships varied across cancer subtypes.Advanced risk stratification models incorporating multiple bacterial biomarkers showed independent predictive capacity through multivariable Cox regression.Mechanistic investigations revealed microbe-mediated oncogenic pathway activation,particularly NF-κB signaling,immune modulation through M2 macrophage polarization,and drug resistance mechanisms via autophagy regulation.Germ-free mouse models established causal relationships,demonstrating that specific bacterial communities,particularly Klebsiella pneumoniae,can autonomously initiate hepatocarcinogenesis through TLR4-dependent pathways.CONCLUSION Intratumoral microbes represent promising clinical biomarkers for hepatic malignancies across diagnostic,prognostic,and therapeutic applications.While standardization and multicenter validation remain essential prerequisites,mechanistic evidence from human and experimental studies positions microbiome-based biomarkers at the threshold of clinical translation.
基金supported by the Priority 2030 Federal Academic Leadership Programat Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal Universityongoing federal budget funding to Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences(No.1021062411629-7-3.1.4).
文摘Objectives:Chronic stress can trigger neuroinflammation and gut microbiota alterations,contributing to post-stress disorders.Individual differences in stress responses,shaped by genetic and physiological factors,require better characterization.We aimed to investigate the long-term effects of chronic stress in rats selectively bred for high and low nervous system excitability.Methods:Adult male rats from two strains selectively bred for high(HT)and low(LT)excitability thresholds of the nervous system underwent a 15-day chronic emotional-pain stress protocol.Behavioral assessments(elevated plusmaze),cytokine levels(TNF,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10)in the hippocampus and amygdala measured by ELISA,glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP+)cell counts obtained via immunohistochemistry in the prefrontal cortex,hippocampus,and amygdala,and gutmicrobiota profiling(16S rRNAsequencing)were conducted on days 7 and 24 post-stress.Results:By day 24,LT rats exhibited reduced exploratory behavior,elevated proinflammatory cytokines,and decreased GFAP+cells across multiple brain regions.In contrast,HT rats exhibited an anxiety-like phenotype even in controls but showed increased exploratory activity after stress,without signs of brain inflammation;GFAP+reduction was limited to the hippocampus.Microbiota composition remained stable in LT rats but changed transiently in HT rats.Conclusion:Two distinct stress response patterns emerged:delayed neuroinflammatory and behavioral dysregulation with rigid microbiota in LT rats,vs.primarily behavioral changes with transient microbiota shifts in HT rats.These findings highlight the need to consider genetic excitability traits when modeling stress-related disorders and exploring potential therapeutic strategies.
文摘Recently,the gut microbiota has been identified as a significant risk factor associated with metabolic disorders related to obesity.Advances in high-throu-ghput sequencing technology have clarified the relationship between childhood obesity and changes in the gut microbiota.This commentary focuses on analyzing the study by Li et al,which utilized 16S rRNA molecular markers to compare differences in gut microbiota between obese and normal-weight children.Additionally,the review by Pan et al is referenced to supplement perspectives and evaluate the findings of this study.We also analyze the strengths and limitations of the original study and suggest potential research directions to elucidate the complex relationship between gut microbiota and childhood obesity,thereby providing a scientific basis for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Joint Fund for Regional Innovation and Development(Grant numbers [U21A20334])the Postgraduate Innovation Funding Project of Hebei Province(Grant numbers [CXZZBS2022116])。
文摘Objective Recent studies have overturned the traditional concept of the lung as a “sterile organ” revealing that pulmonary microbiota dysbiosis and abnormal surfactant proteins(SPs) expression are involved in the progression of silicosis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between abnormal SPs expression and dysbiosis of lung microbiota in silica-induced lung fibrosis, providing insights into mechanisms of silicosis.Methods Lung pathology, SPs expression, and microbiota composition were evaluated in silicaexposed mice. A mouse model of antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion was established, and alveolar structure and SPs expression were assessed. The roles of the lung microbiota and SPs in silicosis progression were further evaluated in mice with antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion, both with and without silica exposure.Results Silica exposure induced lung inflammation and fibrosis, along with increased expression of SPA expression. Antibiotics(Abx)-induced microbiota depletion elevated SP-A and SP-D expression.Furthermore, silica exposure altered lung microbiota composition, enriching potentially pathogenic taxa.However, antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion prior to silica exposure reduced silica-mediated lung fibrosis and inflammation.Conclusion Lung microbiota is associated with silica-induced lung injury. Overproduction of SP-A and SP-D, induced by Abx-induced microbiota depletion, may enhance the resistance of mouse lung tissue to silica-induced injury.
基金Hangzhou Municipal Health Commission Project(A20231278)Zhejiang Province Medical and Health Technology Plan Project(2024KY219)+1 种基金Zhejiang Traditional Medicine and Technology Program,China(2024ZR114)Peak Discipline Nephrology of Hangzhou(Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine,2025HZGF12).
文摘Objective:To investigate the mechanisms underlying the renoprotective effects of celastrol,a bioactive compound extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii in diabetic kidney disease(DKD).Methods:We established a DKD model using db/db mice and investigated the protective mechanisms of celastrol against DKD progression using integrated analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis.We evaluated colon tissue damage using hematoxylin and eosin and immunofluorescence staining.In addition,16S rRNA sequencing and transcriptomic analyses were performed to explore the potential mechanisms of celastrol.Immunofluorescence staining,Western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis were performed to confirm the PPAR signaling pathway related proteins in kidney tissues.Results:Celastrol alleviated colon injury and increased the expression of mucosal barrier markers,particularly occludin and zonula occludens-1.The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis demonstrated that treatment with celastrol altered the diversity and abundance of the gut microbiota.Spearman’s correlation analysis further revealed significant associations among gut microbial,renal injury markers,and serum lipid profiles.A subsequent renal transcriptome analysis revealed that celastrol significantly modulated the renal transcriptional landscape,primarily by regulating genes associated with the PPAR signaling pathway and lipid metabolism.Further investigations demonstrated that celastrol significantly downregulated adipose differentiation-related protein expression and attenuated DKD progression by activating the PPAR pathway.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that celastrol alleviates both colonic and renal injuries by modulating the gut-kidney axis through PPAR-mediated lipid metabolism regulation,indicating its potential as a therapeutic approach for DKD management.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB0308401).
文摘Wet-salted skin,as a special artificial high-salt environment,is rich in protein,fat,collagen and other nutrient substrates,and is a rich resource of halotolerant and halophilic microorganisms.However,knowledge gaps regarding the microbial community structure and inter taxa associations of wet-salted skin are large.In this study,the spatiotemporal dynamics and community structure of microorganisms present on wet-salted goatskins were investigated using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and culturable technique.Alpha diversity analysis based on Sobs,Chao,Ace and Shannon indices revealed that microbial diversity on the wet-salted goatskins exhibited a trend of‘down→up→down→flat’with time.During preservation,genera belonging to the bacteria domain such as Aci-netobacter,Weissella and Streptococcus were slowly dying out,whereas those belonging to halophilic archaea such as Natrialba and Haloterrigena were gradually flourishing.Moreover,to resist high-salt stress,microorganisms on the wet-salted goatskin gradually migrated from the outside to the inside,eventually leading to the microbial diversity inside the skin being the same as or even higher than that on the skin surface.Venn diagram analysis revealed that the strains of some genera,including Psychrobacter,Salimicrobium,Salinicola,Ornithinibacillus,Halomonas,Bacillus and Chromohalobacter,were distributed throughout the interior and exterior of the wet-salted goatskin and existed during various periods.Accordingly,45 protease-producing halophilic or halotolerant microorganisms were isolated and screened from the wet-salted goatskin using the gradient dilution plate method.Importantly,16S rRNA genes of some bacteria exhibited less than 99.5%similarity to valid published species,indicating that they likely are novel spe-cies and have a good potential for application.
基金the National Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(No.202410019070)the Yantai City Campus Integration Project:Marine Animal Nutrition and Disease Prevention and Control Technology Support Platform。
文摘Brachionus plicatilis,a type of rotifer,is a vital live feed in marine aquaculture,particularly during the early developmental stages of fish and crustacean larvae.However,under high-density culture conditions,rotifers tend to accumulate and transport substantial quantities of bacteria,fungi,and other microorganisms present in aquatic environments.Sustainable and efficient methods for suppressing pathogenic microorganisms in B.plicatilis cultures while simultaneously improving its safety and quality as a live feed in aquaculture remain underdeveloped.To address this gap,we investigated the effects of aquatic effective microorganisms(EMs)on the population density and microbial community structure of B.plicatilis under extensive culture conditions.We monitored changes in B.plicatilis population density in response to varying concentrations of the EM inoculants.The diversity,composition,and temporal dynamics of the intestinal and surface microbiota at an optimal EM inoculant concentration and analyzed microbial community dynamics through high-throughput sequencing,which allowed for a precise evaluation of the effects on microbial diversity.Results demonstrated that treatment with a 1.0%EM inoculant for 24 h considerably increased B.plicatilis density while effectively reducing the load of harmful pathogenic microorganisms.Additionally,these results suggest that EM inoculation regulates microbial community structure by inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms and promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria without introducing residual environmental contaminants.Overall,this study offers a viable approach for sustaining aquaculture practices,contributing to global food security initiatives by promoting environmentally friendly and safe fish feed production.
基金by a National Key Science and Technology Project of China(2018YFC2000500,03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81790631 and 81703430)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-5-045)。
文摘Many recent studies have shown that the gut microbiome plays important roles in human physiology and pathology.Also,microbiome-based therapies have been used to improve health status and treat diseases.In addition,aging and neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease,have become topics of intense interest in biomedical research.Several researchers have explored the links between these topics to study the potential pathogenic or therapeutic effects of intestinal microbiota in disease.But the exact relationship between neurodegenerative diseases and gut microbiota remains unclear.As technology advances,new techniques for studying the microbiome will be developed and refined,and the relationship between diseases and gut microbiota will be revealed.This article summarizes the known interactions between the gut microbiome and neurodegenerative diseases,highlighting assay techniques for the gut microbiome,and we also discuss the potential therapeutic role of microbiome-based therapies in diseases.
基金Supported by Tianjin Science and Technology Plan Project,No.19YFZCSY00170Tianjin Union Medical Center,No.2019YJ007+2 种基金Beijing Medical and Health Foundation,No.F1814BKey R&D Projects in the Tianjin Science and Technology Pillar Program,No.19YFZCSY00420National Key R&D Program of China,No.2017YFC1700606 and 2017YFC1700604.
文摘BACKGROUND Emerging evidence links gut microbiota to various human diseases including colorectal cancer(CRC)initiation and development.However,gut microbiota profiles associated with CRC recurrence and patient prognosis are not completely understood yet,especially in a Chinese cohort.AIM To investigate the relationship between gut mucosal microbiota profiles and CRC recurrence and patient prognosis.METHODS We obtained the composition and structure of gut microbiota collected from 75 patients diagnosed with CRC and 26 healthy controls.The patients were followed up by regular examination to determine whether tumors recurred.Triplet-paired samples from on-tumor,adjacent-tumor and off-tumor sites of patients diagnosed with/without CRC recurrence were analyzed to assess spatial-specific patterns of gut mucosal microbiota by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing.Next,we carried out bioinformatic analyses,Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and Cox regression analyses to determine the relationship between gut mucosal microbiota profiles and CRC recurrence and patient prognosis.RESULTS We observed spatial-specific patterns of gut mucosal microbiota profiles linked to CRC recurrence and patient prognosis.A total of 17 bacterial genera/families were identified as potential biomarkers for CRC recurrence and patient prognosis,including Anaerotruncus,Bacteroidales,Coriobacteriaceae,Dialister,Eubacterium,Fusobacterium,Filifactor,Gemella,Haemophilus,Mogibacteriazeae,Pyramidobacter,Parvimonas,Porphyromonadaceae,Slackia,Schwartzia,TG5 and Treponema.CONCLUSION Our work suggests that intestinal microbiota can serve as biomarkers to predict the risk of CRC recurrence and patient death.
