分别使用5μg/mL、25μg/mL、50μg/mL、75μg/mL和100μg/mL剂量的CpG体外处理中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)血细胞,检测了胞内外酚氧化酶(phenoloxidase,PO)活性的相对变化,进一步采用Real Time PCR方法分析了胞内酚氧化酶原(prophe...分别使用5μg/mL、25μg/mL、50μg/mL、75μg/mL和100μg/mL剂量的CpG体外处理中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)血细胞,检测了胞内外酚氧化酶(phenoloxidase,PO)活性的相对变化,进一步采用Real Time PCR方法分析了胞内酚氧化酶原(prophenoloxidase,proPO)基因的相对表达情况。结果表明,25μg/mL剂量的CpG ODN-1670可以有效促进酚氧化酶原的表达以及增强胞内外酚氧化酶活性(P<0.05),ODN-1670增强酚氧化酶活性的途径是经由促进胞内酚氧化酶原的表达,合成新的酚氧化酶原颗粒实现的。此外,本研究使用几种细胞信号转导的激活剂或抑制剂处理中华绒螯蟹离体血细胞,通过检测血细胞内外酚氧化酶(PO)活性的变化探讨了ODN-1670触发proPO激活系统的信号转导途径,结果表明,其信号转导途径可能包含了G-蛋白介导的蛋白激酶C(PKC)途径,而酪氨酸蛋白激酶(RTK)途径对ODN-1670触发proPO激活系统的活化进行负调控。本研究旨在为深入探讨中华绒螯蟹的免疫功能和防卫机理奠定基础。展开更多
The snow-cover days over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River （MLRYR） in the winter of 1670 were extracted from Chinese historical documents. By these records, the winter temperature anomalies （compare...The snow-cover days over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River （MLRYR） in the winter of 1670 were extracted from Chinese historical documents. By these records, the winter temperature anomalies （compared to the mean of 1961-1990） recorded at seven meteorological stations and the regional mean winter temperature were estimated. The results show that： （1） There was an average of about 30 snow-cover days over the MLRYR region in 1670, ranging from 11-20 days in Shanghai and eastern Zhejiang to 5140 days in eastern Hunan Province. The snow-cover days averaged about 40 days in Anqing and Nan- cheng, and ranged from 30 to 40 days in Quzhou, Jingdezhen, and Nanchang; and （2） the regional mean winter temperature in 1670 was estimated to be approximately 4.0 ℃ lower than that of 1961-1990. The maximum negative anomaly of 5.6℃ occurred in Nanchang and the minimum anomaly of-2.8 ℃ was detected in Quzhou. Both of these were lower than that of the coldest winter during the instrumental observation period of 1951-2010. This research could not only provide a method to es- timate historical climate extremes, but also provide a background to understand the recent instrumentally climate extremes.展开更多
文摘分别使用5μg/mL、25μg/mL、50μg/mL、75μg/mL和100μg/mL剂量的CpG体外处理中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)血细胞,检测了胞内外酚氧化酶(phenoloxidase,PO)活性的相对变化,进一步采用Real Time PCR方法分析了胞内酚氧化酶原(prophenoloxidase,proPO)基因的相对表达情况。结果表明,25μg/mL剂量的CpG ODN-1670可以有效促进酚氧化酶原的表达以及增强胞内外酚氧化酶活性(P<0.05),ODN-1670增强酚氧化酶活性的途径是经由促进胞内酚氧化酶原的表达,合成新的酚氧化酶原颗粒实现的。此外,本研究使用几种细胞信号转导的激活剂或抑制剂处理中华绒螯蟹离体血细胞,通过检测血细胞内外酚氧化酶(PO)活性的变化探讨了ODN-1670触发proPO激活系统的信号转导途径,结果表明,其信号转导途径可能包含了G-蛋白介导的蛋白激酶C(PKC)途径,而酪氨酸蛋白激酶(RTK)途径对ODN-1670触发proPO激活系统的活化进行负调控。本研究旨在为深入探讨中华绒螯蟹的免疫功能和防卫机理奠定基础。
基金supported by grants to the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research (IGSNRR) from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDA05080100)the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (No. 2010CB950101)+1 种基金the Basic Research Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology (No. 2011FY120300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41271124, 41071029)
文摘The snow-cover days over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River （MLRYR） in the winter of 1670 were extracted from Chinese historical documents. By these records, the winter temperature anomalies （compared to the mean of 1961-1990） recorded at seven meteorological stations and the regional mean winter temperature were estimated. The results show that： （1） There was an average of about 30 snow-cover days over the MLRYR region in 1670, ranging from 11-20 days in Shanghai and eastern Zhejiang to 5140 days in eastern Hunan Province. The snow-cover days averaged about 40 days in Anqing and Nan- cheng, and ranged from 30 to 40 days in Quzhou, Jingdezhen, and Nanchang; and （2） the regional mean winter temperature in 1670 was estimated to be approximately 4.0 ℃ lower than that of 1961-1990. The maximum negative anomaly of 5.6℃ occurred in Nanchang and the minimum anomaly of-2.8 ℃ was detected in Quzhou. Both of these were lower than that of the coldest winter during the instrumental observation period of 1951-2010. This research could not only provide a method to es- timate historical climate extremes, but also provide a background to understand the recent instrumentally climate extremes.
