Over the past decade,the emission standards and fuel standards in Beijing have been upgraded twice,and the vehicle structure has been improved by accelerating the elimination of 2.95 million old vehicles.Through the f...Over the past decade,the emission standards and fuel standards in Beijing have been upgraded twice,and the vehicle structure has been improved by accelerating the elimination of 2.95 million old vehicles.Through the formulation and implementation of these policies,the emissions of carbon monoxide(CO),volatile organic compounds(VOCs),nitrogen oxides(NO_(x)),and fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))in 2019 were 147.9,25.3,43.4,and 0.91 kton in Beijing,respectively.The emission factor method was adopted to better understand the emissions characteristics of primary air pollutants from combustion engine vehicles and to improve pollution control.In combination with the air quality improvement goals and the status of social and economic development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period in Beijing,different vehicle pollution control scenarios were established,and emissions reductions were projected.The results show that the emissions of four air pollutants(CO,VOCs,NO_(x),and PM_(2.5))fromvehicles in Beijing decreased by an average of 68% in 2019,compared to their levels in 2009.The contribution of NOx emissions from diesel vehicles increased from 35% in 2009 to 56% in 2019,which indicated that clean and energy-saving diesel vehicle fleets should be further improved.Electric vehicle adoption could be an important measure to reduce pollutant emissions.With the further upgrading of vehicle structure and the adoption of electric vehicles,it is expected that the total emissions of the four vehicle pollutants can be reduced by 20%-41% by the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan period.展开更多
This study focuses on a national regional coordinated development strategy and adopts China Multi-Regional Computable General Equilibrium model to analyze the economic and social development, energy demand, and carbon...This study focuses on a national regional coordinated development strategy and adopts China Multi-Regional Computable General Equilibrium model to analyze the economic and social development, energy demand, and carbon emissions of the provinces during the 14th Five-Year Plan (FYP, 2021 2025) period based on the economic development and energy demand since the New Normal. The main conclusions are the following: 1) Under the guidance of the regional coordinated development strategy, 13 provinces/municipalities are expected to have a per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of more than US$15,000, and 16 provinces/municipalities will have a per capita GDP of US$10,000 15,000. All provincial economies are expected to achieve steady and rapid development by the end of the 14th FYP. 2) The total energy consumption of the provinces is expected to reach 5.45 Gtce (excluding Tibet) in 2025, and the average annual growth rate is approximately 1.5%. The growth of energy demand will remain in low speed. The key point of energy demand will gradually shift from the eastern to the middle area, while the proportion of energy use in the western provinces will remain stable, which is consistent with the economic development stage and regional coordinated development strategy. 3) The annual average carbon intensity (mainly considering carbon emissions from energy use) of the provinces will approximately with most provinces dropping by over 4.0%. The trend of a considerable decline in carbon intensity, as observed in recent years, is expected to continue.展开更多
2020 is the final year of China’s 13th Five-Year Plan period and an intersection between the“two centennial goals.”It is also a vital year for drafting the 14th Five-year Plan and embarking on a new journey of soci...2020 is the final year of China’s 13th Five-Year Plan period and an intersection between the“two centennial goals.”It is also a vital year for drafting the 14th Five-year Plan and embarking on a new journey of socialist modernization.What socio-economic progress has China achieved during the 13th Five-Year Plan period and what are the opportunities,challenges and countermeasures for the 14th Five-Year Plan period?In May 2020,the China Economist conducted a questionnaire survey among economists.Results suggest that during the 13th Five-Year Plan period,China has achieved remarkable progress in the following areas:significant socio-economic development,deepening industry-ICT integration,and rapid growth of new economy;mass entrepreneurship and mass innovation,and enhanced R&D capabilities for cutting-edge technologies;green production and the abatement of air and water pollution;and poverty reduction.In the 14th Five-Year Plan period,opportunities co-exist with challenges for China’s socio-economic development,which brims with resiliency.Surveyed economists felt sanguine about China’s development outlook.Based on the results,surveyed economists believed that the Chinese government should focus on the following priorities during the 14th Five-Year Plan period:expediting industrial transition,strengthening the real economy,and exploring domestic consumption potentials;ramping up research in fundamental science,and accelerating the research of critical technologies;increasing equal access to basic public services;and promoting green development in all respects,including green consumption,production,distribution,innovation,and finance.展开更多
The 13th Five-year Plan period ushered in a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics.During this period,China’s economy transitioned from rapid to high-quality growth and weathered the storms of the trade wa...The 13th Five-year Plan period ushered in a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics.During this period,China’s economy transitioned from rapid to high-quality growth and weathered the storms of the trade war with the United States and the COVID-19 outbreak.Chinese policymakers embraced new development concepts,and fought to cut overcapacity and excess inventory,deleverage,lower costs,and bolster weak areas under the theme of supply-side structural reforms.In fighting the three tough battles of major risk prevention,targeted poverty reduction and pollution abatement,China has largely resolved myriad structural contradictions and maintained rapid domestic economic growth and stability.Most targets for the 13th Five-year Plan period have been achieved ahead of time or are near completion on time.Institutional sophistication has bolstered high-quality development.展开更多
ZTE Corporation (ZTE) has been shortlisted for the Best Network Technology Advance Award at the 2009 Global Mobile Awards for its cutting-edge Software Defined Radio (SDR) solution. ZTE is the only Chinese company nom...ZTE Corporation (ZTE) has been shortlisted for the Best Network Technology Advance Award at the 2009 Global Mobile Awards for its cutting-edge Software Defined Radio (SDR) solution. ZTE is the only Chinese company nominated for this global award展开更多
1,129 suppliers from around the world will bring the latest products to one of the most important apparel textile trade events in northern China.Intertextile Beijing Apparel Fabrics,to be held 27-29 March 2008,is an i...1,129 suppliers from around the world will bring the latest products to one of the most important apparel textile trade events in northern China.Intertextile Beijing Apparel Fabrics,to be held 27-29 March 2008,is an ideal destination for sourcing apparel textiles and accessories from mass market展开更多
Since the 13th Five-Year Plan,Sinopec has been thoroughly carrying out the new energy security strategy of“four revolutions and one cooperation”and the spirit of the important instruction of“powerful promotion of p...Since the 13th Five-Year Plan,Sinopec has been thoroughly carrying out the new energy security strategy of“four revolutions and one cooperation”and the spirit of the important instruction of“powerful promotion of petroleum exploration and development”.Focusing on strategic breakthrough and large-scale reserve increase,the petroleum exploration enhances the theoretical and technological innovation and highlights high-quality exploration battles,so that a series of important petroleum exploration achievements have been gained.In order to accelerate and promote the development of Sinopec's natural gas business,this paper forecasts Sinopec's exploration direction and development potential of natural gas in the future after comprehensively sorting out the achievements and theoretical and technological progresses of natural gas exploration since the 13th Five-Year Plan.And the following research results are obtained.First,since the 13th Five-Year plan,Sinopec has been persisting in the strategic deployment of“balancing marine and continental facies and focusing conventional and unconventional resources”.According to the idea of“extending marine conventional gas,strengthening marine shale gas and optimizing continental tight gas”,Sinopec innovatively develops the hydrocarbon accumulation theory of marine shale gas in southern China,marine carbonate rock in central-western China and tight clastic rock in central-western China.Second,by virtue of researches,a 3D seismic exploration technology with reservoir identification and description as the basis and sweet spot prediction as the core is developed,and several support equipment and tools are integrated,such as deep and ultra-deep drilling and completion,acid fracturing testing,long horizontal well fracturing and high power electric fracturing,and drillable composite bridge plug.Third,a series of natural gas exploration achievements are obtained in three major fields of marine shale,marine carbonate rock and continental tight clastic rock,and new proven natural gas reserves of 1.0068×1012 m3 is achieved,which provides Sinopec with high-quality resource guarantee for the fast increase of natural gas production.Fourth,looking forward,there are abundant natural gas resource bases in Sinopec's licenses,and the main development directions of its natural gas exploration are marine carbonate rock in central-western China,tight clastic rock and shale in central-western China,marine deep clastic rock,and deep clastic rock and igneous rock in the mature areas of eastern China.In conclusion,Sinopec's new proven natural gas reserves during the 14th Five-Year Plan is predicted to be 1.16×10^(12)-1.36×10^(12) m^(3),which can provide a solid resources base for the great development of natural gas in China.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21806012)Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project (No.Z181100005418015)
文摘Over the past decade,the emission standards and fuel standards in Beijing have been upgraded twice,and the vehicle structure has been improved by accelerating the elimination of 2.95 million old vehicles.Through the formulation and implementation of these policies,the emissions of carbon monoxide(CO),volatile organic compounds(VOCs),nitrogen oxides(NO_(x)),and fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))in 2019 were 147.9,25.3,43.4,and 0.91 kton in Beijing,respectively.The emission factor method was adopted to better understand the emissions characteristics of primary air pollutants from combustion engine vehicles and to improve pollution control.In combination with the air quality improvement goals and the status of social and economic development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period in Beijing,different vehicle pollution control scenarios were established,and emissions reductions were projected.The results show that the emissions of four air pollutants(CO,VOCs,NO_(x),and PM_(2.5))fromvehicles in Beijing decreased by an average of 68% in 2019,compared to their levels in 2009.The contribution of NOx emissions from diesel vehicles increased from 35% in 2009 to 56% in 2019,which indicated that clean and energy-saving diesel vehicle fleets should be further improved.Electric vehicle adoption could be an important measure to reduce pollutant emissions.With the further upgrading of vehicle structure and the adoption of electric vehicles,it is expected that the total emissions of the four vehicle pollutants can be reduced by 20%-41% by the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan period.
基金s This work was supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology (2016YFA0602601), Science and Technology Project of the State Grid Corporation of China Headquarters ''Research and Development of China Multi-regional Compre hensive Analysis and Forecast Mcxlel System for Energy Sup ply and Demand Fourth National Climate Assessment Report: Mitigation of Climate Change’’, and National Natural Science Foundation of China Program (71573145, 71573062).
文摘This study focuses on a national regional coordinated development strategy and adopts China Multi-Regional Computable General Equilibrium model to analyze the economic and social development, energy demand, and carbon emissions of the provinces during the 14th Five-Year Plan (FYP, 2021 2025) period based on the economic development and energy demand since the New Normal. The main conclusions are the following: 1) Under the guidance of the regional coordinated development strategy, 13 provinces/municipalities are expected to have a per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of more than US$15,000, and 16 provinces/municipalities will have a per capita GDP of US$10,000 15,000. All provincial economies are expected to achieve steady and rapid development by the end of the 14th FYP. 2) The total energy consumption of the provinces is expected to reach 5.45 Gtce (excluding Tibet) in 2025, and the average annual growth rate is approximately 1.5%. The growth of energy demand will remain in low speed. The key point of energy demand will gradually shift from the eastern to the middle area, while the proportion of energy use in the western provinces will remain stable, which is consistent with the economic development stage and regional coordinated development strategy. 3) The annual average carbon intensity (mainly considering carbon emissions from energy use) of the provinces will approximately with most provinces dropping by over 4.0%. The trend of a considerable decline in carbon intensity, as observed in recent years, is expected to continue.
文摘2020 is the final year of China’s 13th Five-Year Plan period and an intersection between the“two centennial goals.”It is also a vital year for drafting the 14th Five-year Plan and embarking on a new journey of socialist modernization.What socio-economic progress has China achieved during the 13th Five-Year Plan period and what are the opportunities,challenges and countermeasures for the 14th Five-Year Plan period?In May 2020,the China Economist conducted a questionnaire survey among economists.Results suggest that during the 13th Five-Year Plan period,China has achieved remarkable progress in the following areas:significant socio-economic development,deepening industry-ICT integration,and rapid growth of new economy;mass entrepreneurship and mass innovation,and enhanced R&D capabilities for cutting-edge technologies;green production and the abatement of air and water pollution;and poverty reduction.In the 14th Five-Year Plan period,opportunities co-exist with challenges for China’s socio-economic development,which brims with resiliency.Surveyed economists felt sanguine about China’s development outlook.Based on the results,surveyed economists believed that the Chinese government should focus on the following priorities during the 14th Five-Year Plan period:expediting industrial transition,strengthening the real economy,and exploring domestic consumption potentials;ramping up research in fundamental science,and accelerating the research of critical technologies;increasing equal access to basic public services;and promoting green development in all respects,including green consumption,production,distribution,innovation,and finance.
文摘The 13th Five-year Plan period ushered in a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics.During this period,China’s economy transitioned from rapid to high-quality growth and weathered the storms of the trade war with the United States and the COVID-19 outbreak.Chinese policymakers embraced new development concepts,and fought to cut overcapacity and excess inventory,deleverage,lower costs,and bolster weak areas under the theme of supply-side structural reforms.In fighting the three tough battles of major risk prevention,targeted poverty reduction and pollution abatement,China has largely resolved myriad structural contradictions and maintained rapid domestic economic growth and stability.Most targets for the 13th Five-year Plan period have been achieved ahead of time or are near completion on time.Institutional sophistication has bolstered high-quality development.
文摘ZTE Corporation (ZTE) has been shortlisted for the Best Network Technology Advance Award at the 2009 Global Mobile Awards for its cutting-edge Software Defined Radio (SDR) solution. ZTE is the only Chinese company nominated for this global award
文摘1,129 suppliers from around the world will bring the latest products to one of the most important apparel textile trade events in northern China.Intertextile Beijing Apparel Fabrics,to be held 27-29 March 2008,is an ideal destination for sourcing apparel textiles and accessories from mass market
基金Project supported by the National Major Science and Technology Project"Target Evaluation and Exploration Technology for Shale Gas Zone"(No.2017ZX05036).
文摘Since the 13th Five-Year Plan,Sinopec has been thoroughly carrying out the new energy security strategy of“four revolutions and one cooperation”and the spirit of the important instruction of“powerful promotion of petroleum exploration and development”.Focusing on strategic breakthrough and large-scale reserve increase,the petroleum exploration enhances the theoretical and technological innovation and highlights high-quality exploration battles,so that a series of important petroleum exploration achievements have been gained.In order to accelerate and promote the development of Sinopec's natural gas business,this paper forecasts Sinopec's exploration direction and development potential of natural gas in the future after comprehensively sorting out the achievements and theoretical and technological progresses of natural gas exploration since the 13th Five-Year Plan.And the following research results are obtained.First,since the 13th Five-Year plan,Sinopec has been persisting in the strategic deployment of“balancing marine and continental facies and focusing conventional and unconventional resources”.According to the idea of“extending marine conventional gas,strengthening marine shale gas and optimizing continental tight gas”,Sinopec innovatively develops the hydrocarbon accumulation theory of marine shale gas in southern China,marine carbonate rock in central-western China and tight clastic rock in central-western China.Second,by virtue of researches,a 3D seismic exploration technology with reservoir identification and description as the basis and sweet spot prediction as the core is developed,and several support equipment and tools are integrated,such as deep and ultra-deep drilling and completion,acid fracturing testing,long horizontal well fracturing and high power electric fracturing,and drillable composite bridge plug.Third,a series of natural gas exploration achievements are obtained in three major fields of marine shale,marine carbonate rock and continental tight clastic rock,and new proven natural gas reserves of 1.0068×1012 m3 is achieved,which provides Sinopec with high-quality resource guarantee for the fast increase of natural gas production.Fourth,looking forward,there are abundant natural gas resource bases in Sinopec's licenses,and the main development directions of its natural gas exploration are marine carbonate rock in central-western China,tight clastic rock and shale in central-western China,marine deep clastic rock,and deep clastic rock and igneous rock in the mature areas of eastern China.In conclusion,Sinopec's new proven natural gas reserves during the 14th Five-Year Plan is predicted to be 1.16×10^(12)-1.36×10^(12) m^(3),which can provide a solid resources base for the great development of natural gas in China.
