Marine heatwaves(MHWs),which can exert devastating socioeconomic and ecological impacts,have attracted much public interest in recent years.In this study,we evaluate the sub-seasonal forecast skill of MHWs based on th...Marine heatwaves(MHWs),which can exert devastating socioeconomic and ecological impacts,have attracted much public interest in recent years.In this study,we evaluate the sub-seasonal forecast skill of MHWs based on the Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology Climate Forecast System version 1.1(NUIST CFS1.1)and analyze the related physical processes.Our results show that the model can accurately forecast the occurrence of MHWs on a global scale out to a lead time of 25 days.Notably,even at lead times of 51–55 days,the forecast skill in most tropical regions,as well as in the northeastern and southeastern Pacific,is superior to both random forecasts and persistence forecasts.Accurate predictions of sea level pressure,zonal currents,and mixed-layer depth are important for MHW forecasting.Furthermore,we also conduct forecast skill assessments for two well-documented MHW events.Due to its ability to correctly forecast the changes in heat flux anomalies at a lead time of 25 days,the model can accurately forecast the strong MHW event that occurred in the South China Sea in May–October 2020.However,the forecasting results were less than optimal for the strong MHW event that occurred along the Australian west coast in January–April 2011.Although the model accurately forecasts its occurrence,the forecast of its intensity is poor.Additionally,when the lead time exceeds 10 days,forecasts of the relevant physical processes of this MHW event are also inaccurate.展开更多
目的:观察雷公藤多苷(multi-glycoside of Tripterygium wilfordii.,GTW)对肾小球内浸润的炎症细胞及其相关细胞因子的影响,进一步阐明GTW在体内的抗炎作用。方法:经尾静脉注射500μg单克隆抗体(monoclonal antibody,mAb)1-22-3建立2种...目的:观察雷公藤多苷(multi-glycoside of Tripterygium wilfordii.,GTW)对肾小球内浸润的炎症细胞及其相关细胞因子的影响,进一步阐明GTW在体内的抗炎作用。方法:经尾静脉注射500μg单克隆抗体(monoclonal antibody,mAb)1-22-3建立2种大鼠抗Thy1.1抗体肾炎模型。将模型鼠随机分为GTW干预组(GTW组)和蒸馏水干预组(对照组)。实验1中,在注射抗体前3d,经灌胃给予较大剂量GTW(75mg·kg-1·d-1)或蒸馏水,直至造模后第7天,处死大鼠;实验2中,在第2次注射抗体同时,经灌胃给予中等剂量GTW(50mg·kg-1·d-1)或蒸馏水,直至造模后第42天,处死大鼠。分别观察7d内或42d内模型鼠24h尿蛋白排泄量(urinary protein excretion,Upro)动态变化;在处死大鼠后,取出肾脏,分别观察肾小球内浸润的巨噬细胞(macrophage,MΦ),T淋巴细胞变化和肾组织内白介素(interleukin,IL)-2和干扰素(interferon,IFN)-γ核酸的表达。结果:实验1中,可逆性抗Thy1.1抗体肾炎模型鼠肾小球内浸润的MΦ明显增多,较大剂量的GTW可以减少模型鼠肾小球内MΦ的浸润和肾组织内IL-2核酸表达;实验2中,不可逆性抗Thy1.1抗体肾炎模型鼠肾小球内浸润的活性MΦ,T淋巴细胞明显增多,中等剂量的GTW可以改善模型鼠肾小球内活性MΦ,T淋巴细胞的浸润,以及肾组织内IL-2,IFN-γ核酸表达;对于2种模型,GTW都有减少蛋白尿的作用。结论:不同剂量的GTW在体内对抗Thy1.1抗体肾炎肾小球内炎症细胞浸润有抑制作用,这些作用与改善肾组织内IL-2和IFN-γ核酸表达有关。展开更多
ISO 9606-1是国际通用的钢结构焊工技能评定标准,AWS D1.1是美国焊接学会发布的关于钢结构焊接要求的标准,同样涉及美标焊工的评定要求。对两种标准中焊工技能评定要求的差异进行了对比分析,对标准之间焊缝形式、焊接材料、尺寸及焊接...ISO 9606-1是国际通用的钢结构焊工技能评定标准,AWS D1.1是美国焊接学会发布的关于钢结构焊接要求的标准,同样涉及美标焊工的评定要求。对两种标准中焊工技能评定要求的差异进行了对比分析,对标准之间焊缝形式、焊接材料、尺寸及焊接位置等主要变量进行了分析总结,为企业在不同标准下的焊工考核提供参考和借鉴。展开更多
In this study,the efects of diferent heat treatment process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-12Si-5Cu-1.1Mg-2.3Ni-0.3La alloy were explored.Research showed that eutectic Si underwent th...In this study,the efects of diferent heat treatment process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-12Si-5Cu-1.1Mg-2.3Ni-0.3La alloy were explored.Research showed that eutectic Si underwent three stages during solution treatment:difusing,spheroidization and coarsening.As the solution temperature and time increased,the size of eutectic Si showed a trend of frst decreasing and then increasing.Compared with the heat treatment time,the heat treatment temperature had a more signifcant efect on the mechanical properties.The coarsening of microstructure was the main reason for the deterioration of mechanical properties.The Al_(3)Ti and Al_(3)CuNiLa in the microstructure after aging can signifcantly improve the mechanical properties of the alloy.The Al_(11)La_(3) with secondary precipitation occurred in the La-rich phase.The addition of La inhibited the growth of coherent/semi-coherentθandβphases,which was very benefcial for the improvement of high-temperature strength.Under the optimal heat treatment process parameters of 500℃×4 h+190℃×4 h,the ultimate tensile strength(UTS)of the alloy reached 366.65 MPa.The high-temperature strength and elongation of the alloy reached 101.98 MPa and 13.77%at 350℃,respectively.展开更多
采用DRI Model 2001A热/光碳分析仪测定了2011年南京地区大气PM1.1中OC、EC的含量,并具体探讨了其来源.结果表明,南师OC、EC年均浓度分别为10.10μg·m-3、2.52μg·m-3,南化分别为11.22μg·m-3、3.12μg·m-3,南化污...采用DRI Model 2001A热/光碳分析仪测定了2011年南京地区大气PM1.1中OC、EC的含量,并具体探讨了其来源.结果表明,南师OC、EC年均浓度分别为10.10μg·m-3、2.52μg·m-3,南化分别为11.22μg·m-3、3.12μg·m-3,南化污染相对严重.夏季两地OC、EC含量较低,而冬春季较高,这与冬春季燃煤量增加,并且受内陆西风及逆温的影响,污染物集中在南京市上空不易扩散有关.两地PM1.1中SOC/TOC均在夏季较高,冬季最低.秋季SOC和O3有较好的相关性,表明秋季光化学反应是SOC的重要生成途径.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42030605 and 42088101)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0608004)High Performance Computing of Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology for their support of this work。
文摘Marine heatwaves(MHWs),which can exert devastating socioeconomic and ecological impacts,have attracted much public interest in recent years.In this study,we evaluate the sub-seasonal forecast skill of MHWs based on the Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology Climate Forecast System version 1.1(NUIST CFS1.1)and analyze the related physical processes.Our results show that the model can accurately forecast the occurrence of MHWs on a global scale out to a lead time of 25 days.Notably,even at lead times of 51–55 days,the forecast skill in most tropical regions,as well as in the northeastern and southeastern Pacific,is superior to both random forecasts and persistence forecasts.Accurate predictions of sea level pressure,zonal currents,and mixed-layer depth are important for MHW forecasting.Furthermore,we also conduct forecast skill assessments for two well-documented MHW events.Due to its ability to correctly forecast the changes in heat flux anomalies at a lead time of 25 days,the model can accurately forecast the strong MHW event that occurred in the South China Sea in May–October 2020.However,the forecasting results were less than optimal for the strong MHW event that occurred along the Australian west coast in January–April 2011.Although the model accurately forecasts its occurrence,the forecast of its intensity is poor.Additionally,when the lead time exceeds 10 days,forecasts of the relevant physical processes of this MHW event are also inaccurate.
文摘目的:观察雷公藤多苷(multi-glycoside of Tripterygium wilfordii.,GTW)对肾小球内浸润的炎症细胞及其相关细胞因子的影响,进一步阐明GTW在体内的抗炎作用。方法:经尾静脉注射500μg单克隆抗体(monoclonal antibody,mAb)1-22-3建立2种大鼠抗Thy1.1抗体肾炎模型。将模型鼠随机分为GTW干预组(GTW组)和蒸馏水干预组(对照组)。实验1中,在注射抗体前3d,经灌胃给予较大剂量GTW(75mg·kg-1·d-1)或蒸馏水,直至造模后第7天,处死大鼠;实验2中,在第2次注射抗体同时,经灌胃给予中等剂量GTW(50mg·kg-1·d-1)或蒸馏水,直至造模后第42天,处死大鼠。分别观察7d内或42d内模型鼠24h尿蛋白排泄量(urinary protein excretion,Upro)动态变化;在处死大鼠后,取出肾脏,分别观察肾小球内浸润的巨噬细胞(macrophage,MΦ),T淋巴细胞变化和肾组织内白介素(interleukin,IL)-2和干扰素(interferon,IFN)-γ核酸的表达。结果:实验1中,可逆性抗Thy1.1抗体肾炎模型鼠肾小球内浸润的MΦ明显增多,较大剂量的GTW可以减少模型鼠肾小球内MΦ的浸润和肾组织内IL-2核酸表达;实验2中,不可逆性抗Thy1.1抗体肾炎模型鼠肾小球内浸润的活性MΦ,T淋巴细胞明显增多,中等剂量的GTW可以改善模型鼠肾小球内活性MΦ,T淋巴细胞的浸润,以及肾组织内IL-2,IFN-γ核酸表达;对于2种模型,GTW都有减少蛋白尿的作用。结论:不同剂量的GTW在体内对抗Thy1.1抗体肾炎肾小球内炎症细胞浸润有抑制作用,这些作用与改善肾组织内IL-2和IFN-γ核酸表达有关。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.U2241232,U2341253 and 52375317)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3404204).
文摘In this study,the efects of diferent heat treatment process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-12Si-5Cu-1.1Mg-2.3Ni-0.3La alloy were explored.Research showed that eutectic Si underwent three stages during solution treatment:difusing,spheroidization and coarsening.As the solution temperature and time increased,the size of eutectic Si showed a trend of frst decreasing and then increasing.Compared with the heat treatment time,the heat treatment temperature had a more signifcant efect on the mechanical properties.The coarsening of microstructure was the main reason for the deterioration of mechanical properties.The Al_(3)Ti and Al_(3)CuNiLa in the microstructure after aging can signifcantly improve the mechanical properties of the alloy.The Al_(11)La_(3) with secondary precipitation occurred in the La-rich phase.The addition of La inhibited the growth of coherent/semi-coherentθandβphases,which was very benefcial for the improvement of high-temperature strength.Under the optimal heat treatment process parameters of 500℃×4 h+190℃×4 h,the ultimate tensile strength(UTS)of the alloy reached 366.65 MPa.The high-temperature strength and elongation of the alloy reached 101.98 MPa and 13.77%at 350℃,respectively.
文摘采用DRI Model 2001A热/光碳分析仪测定了2011年南京地区大气PM1.1中OC、EC的含量,并具体探讨了其来源.结果表明,南师OC、EC年均浓度分别为10.10μg·m-3、2.52μg·m-3,南化分别为11.22μg·m-3、3.12μg·m-3,南化污染相对严重.夏季两地OC、EC含量较低,而冬春季较高,这与冬春季燃煤量增加,并且受内陆西风及逆温的影响,污染物集中在南京市上空不易扩散有关.两地PM1.1中SOC/TOC均在夏季较高,冬季最低.秋季SOC和O3有较好的相关性,表明秋季光化学反应是SOC的重要生成途径.
