We prove that certain 1-relator groups have Property E. Using this fact, we characterize all conjugacy separable 1-relator groups of the form a,b;(a-αbβaαbγ)t , t 1, having residually finite outer automorphism gro...We prove that certain 1-relator groups have Property E. Using this fact, we characterize all conjugacy separable 1-relator groups of the form a,b;(a-αbβaαbγ)t , t 1, having residually finite outer automorphism groups.展开更多
Grossman first showed that outer automorphism groups of 1-relator groups given by orientable surface groups are residually finite,whence mapping class groups of orientable surfaces are residually finite.Allenby,Kim an...Grossman first showed that outer automorphism groups of 1-relator groups given by orientable surface groups are residually finite,whence mapping class groups of orientable surfaces are residually finite.Allenby,Kim and Tang showed that outer automorphism groups of cyclically pinched 1-relator groups are residually finite,whence mapping class groups of orientable and non-orientable surfaces are residually finite.In this paper we show that outer automorphism groups of certain conjugacy separable 1-relator groups are residually finite.展开更多
The activation of the sirtuin1(SIRT1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)pathway has been shown to mitigate oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial damage by reducing ...The activation of the sirtuin1(SIRT1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)pathway has been shown to mitigate oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial damage by reducing reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels.Clinical trials have demonstrated that Zhongfeng Xingnao Liquid(ZFXN)ameliorates post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI).However,the underlying mechanism,particularly whether it involves protecting mitochondria and inhibiting apoptosis through the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway,remains unclear.This study employed an oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD)cell model using SHSY5Y cells and induced PSCI in rats through modified bilateral carotid artery ligation(2VO).The effects of ZFXN on learning and memory,neuroprotective activity,mitochondrial function,oxidative stress,and the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway were evaluated both in vivo and in vitro.Results indicated that ZFXN significantly increased the B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl2)/Bcl2-associated X(Bax)ratio,reduced terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP nickend-labeling(TUNEL)+cells,and markedly improved cognition,synaptic plasticity,and neuronal function in the hippocampus and cortex.Furthermore,ZFXN exhibited potent antioxidant activity,evidenced by decreased ROS and malondialdehyde(MDA)content and increased superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and glutathione(GSH)levels.ZFXN also demonstrated considerable enhancement of mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),Tom 20 fluorescence intensity,adenosine triphosphate(ATP)and energy charge(EC)levels,and mitochondrial complexⅠandⅢactivity,thereby inhibiting mitochondrial damage.Additionally,ZFXN significantly increased SIRT1 activity and elevated SIRT1,nuclear Nrf2,and HO-1 levels.Notably,these effects were substantially counteracted when SIRT1 was suppressed by the inhibitor EX-527 in vitro.In conclusion,ZFXN alleviates PSCI by activating the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and preventing mitochondrial damage.展开更多
High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and neuroscience.High-mobility group box 1 in the ex...High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and neuroscience.High-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain injury.Several drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system disorders.Although it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system disorders.In this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory role.Research targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.展开更多
In this paper, the modified CK＇s direct method to find symmetry groups of nonlinear partial differential equation is extended to （2＋1）-dimensional variable coeffficient canonical generalized KP （VCCGKP） equation...In this paper, the modified CK＇s direct method to find symmetry groups of nonlinear partial differential equation is extended to （2＋1）-dimensional variable coeffficient canonical generalized KP （VCCGKP） equation. As a result, symmetry groups, Lie point symmetry group and Lie symmetry for the VCCGKP equation are obtained. In fact, the Lie point symmetry group coincides with that obtained by the standard Lie group approach. Applying the given Lie symmetry, we obtain five types of similarity reductions and a lot of new exact solutions, including hyperbolic function solutions, triangular periodic solutions, Jacobi elliptic function solutions and rational solutions, for the VCCGKP equation.展开更多
A modified direct method is developed to find finite symmetry groups of nonlinear mathematical physicssystems.Applying the modified direct method to the well-known (2+1)-dimensional BKP equation we get its symmetry.Fu...A modified direct method is developed to find finite symmetry groups of nonlinear mathematical physicssystems.Applying the modified direct method to the well-known (2+1)-dimensional BKP equation we get its symmetry.Furthermore,the exact solutions of (2+1)-dimensional BKP equation are obtained through symmetry analysis.展开更多
In this paper we study the convergence nf a class of means on H^p(G)(0<p<1),the means take the Bochner-Riesz means in[1],the generalized Bochner-Riesz means in[2],and the operators T^(Φ_r)in[3]as special cases....In this paper we study the convergence nf a class of means on H^p(G)(0<p<1),the means take the Bochner-Riesz means in[1],the generalized Bochner-Riesz means in[2],and the operators T^(Φ_r)in[3]as special cases.We obtain weak-type estimates for the associated maximal operators and the maximal mean boundedness for the means.展开更多
Two 1,3-alternate thiacalix[4]arene derivatives bearing amide groups, 1,3-alternate p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene tetraamide （4）, and 1,3-alternate p-H-thiacalix[4]arene tetraamide （6） were prepared, and their cry...Two 1,3-alternate thiacalix[4]arene derivatives bearing amide groups, 1,3-alternate p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene tetraamide （4）, and 1,3-alternate p-H-thiacalix[4]arene tetraamide （6） were prepared, and their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The steric hindrances posed by tert-butyl groups play an important part in the synthesis and the self-assembly of the two compounds. Compound 6 was synthesized from the corresponding ester, which was obtained by the reaction of acid chloride with ammonia. In the crystal structure, compound 4 presents a highly symmetric molecular structure, while for compound 6, because of absence of tert-butyl groups, it presents a more flexible molecular structure.展开更多
BACKGROUND Accumulating studies indicated that maintain nuclei homeostasis was deemed to the protective factors for the occurrence of cancer.Thus,high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1)might influence the risk and poorer pro...BACKGROUND Accumulating studies indicated that maintain nuclei homeostasis was deemed to the protective factors for the occurrence of cancer.Thus,high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1)might influence the risk and poorer prognoses of colorectal cancer(CRC).AIM This study was designed to investigate whether HMGB1 polymorphisms influence the risk and lymph node metastasis(LNM)of CRC.METHODS Firstly,we designed an investigation with 1003 CRC patients and 1303 cancer-free controls to observe whether HMGB1 rs1412125 T>C and rs1045411 C>T SNPs could influence the risk of cancer.Subsequently,we carried out a correlation-analysis to assess whether these SNPs could alter the risk of LNM.RESULTS The current investigation suggested a relationship of HMGB1 rs1412125 SNP with the increased susceptibility of CRC.In a subgroup analysis,our findings suggested that this SNP could enhance an occurrence of CRC in≥61 years,non-drinker and body mass index<24 kg/m2 subgroups.However,we found that there was null association between HMGB1 rs1412125 SNP and LNM,even in different CRC region.These observations were confirmed by calculating the power value(more than 0.8).The association of HMGB1 rs1045411 C>T SNP with CRC risk and LNM was not found in any compare.CONCLUSION This study highlights a possible association between HMGB1 rs1412125 polymorphism and the increased risk of CRC.In the future,more studies should be conducted to explore HMGB1 rs1412125 polymorphism in relation to CRC development.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia reperfusion(HIR)injury is a major complication affecting various major liver surgeries,including liver transplantation.Aprepitant(APRE),a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist,is commonly used a...BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia reperfusion(HIR)injury is a major complication affecting various major liver surgeries,including liver transplantation.Aprepitant(APRE),a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist,is commonly used as an antiemetic to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.AIM To assess the potential protective effect of APRE against HIR-induced liver injury via targeting the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-,leucine-rich repeat-,and pyrin domain-containing receptor 3/interleukin(IL)-1beta signaling pathway.METHODS Six groups of adult male Wistar albino rats were divided as follows:Sham group,Sham/APRE10 group(APRE 10 mg/kg),HIR group,HIR/APRE5 group(APRE 5 mg/kg),HIR/APRE10 group(APRE 10 mg/kg),and HIR/APRE20 group(APRE 20 mg/kg).Serum alanine transaminase,aspartate transaminase,liver malondialdehyde,total antioxidant capacity levels,as well as IL-6,sirtuin 1(Sirt1),caspase-3,cleaved caspase-3,and tumor necrosis factor alpha biomarkers,were evaluated.Hepatic specimens were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically for nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2(Nrf2)immunoexpression.RESULTS HIR resulted in hepatic damage,as evidenced by histopathological changes and a significant increase in serum alanine transaminase,aspartate transaminase,hepatic malondialdehyde,caspase-3,and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels.Additionally,there were significant increases in hepatic total antioxidant capacity and reductions in IL-6 and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels,as demonstrated by Western blot analysis,along with enhanced immunoexpression of Sirt1 and Nrf2.APRE has significantly reduced various parameters of oxidative stress,inflammation,and apoptosis,and a significant increase in liver Nrf2 immunoexpression,leading to a significant improvement in the histopathological changes.CONCLUSION In conclusion,targeting the Sirt1/Nrf2 signaling pathway,as demonstrated by APRE in our model,could present a promising therapeutic target to protect against HIR-induced liver injury during major liver surgeries.展开更多
A broad spectrum of liver disorders and their associated complications most notably hepatic encephalopathy impact millions of individuals worldwide,including conditions such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,alcoho...A broad spectrum of liver disorders and their associated complications most notably hepatic encephalopathy impact millions of individuals worldwide,including conditions such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,alcoholic liver injury,viral hepatitis,hepatic fibrosis,cirrhosis,and hepatocellular carcinoma.The underlying pathogenic mechanisms are multifactorial,encompassing oxidative stress,inflammatory cascades,mitochondrial impairment,and disturbances in immune homeostasis.Hepatic encephalopathy patients experience cognitive impairment,mood disturbances,and psychomotor dysfunction,significantly reducing quality of life through mechanisms including oxidative stress,neuroinflammation,and neurotransmitter imbalances.The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)signaling pathway serves as a critical antioxidative defense mechanism in these conditions.Nrf2 regulates the expression of protective enzymes,while HO-1 exerts anti-inflammatory,anti-apoptotic,and antifibrotic effects through heme degradation products.Natural herbal monomers as Nrf2 activators offer advantages of low toxicity,multi-target actions,and extensive traditional use.Various herbal monomers demonstrate specific effects against different liver diseases:In fatty liver,baicalin alleviates lipid accumulation and inflammation;In alcoholic liver disease,curcumin enhances Nrf2 activity reducing oxidative damage;In drug-induced liver injury,dihydromyricetin mitigates oxidative stress;In viral hepatitis,andrographolide inhibits hepatitis C virus replication;In liver fibrosis,multiple compounds inhibit stellate cell activation.These natural compounds simultaneously alleviate hepatic dysfunction and neuropsychiatric symptoms by modulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway,though clinical application still faces challenges such as low bioavailability,requiring further research.展开更多
High mobility group box 1(HMGB1),when released extracellularly,plays a pivotal role in the development of spinal cord synapses and exacerbates autoimmune diseases within the central nervous system.In experimental auto...High mobility group box 1(HMGB1),when released extracellularly,plays a pivotal role in the development of spinal cord synapses and exacerbates autoimmune diseases within the central nervous system.In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE),a condition that models multiple sclerosis,the levels of extracellular HMGB1 and interleukin-33(IL-33)have been found to be inversely correlated.However,the mechanism by which IL-33 deficiency enhances HMGB1 release during EAE remains elusive.Our study elucidates a potential signaling pathway whereby the absence of IL-33 leads to increased binding of P300/CBP-associated factor with HMGB1 in the nuclei of astrocytes,upregulating HMGB1 acetylation and promoting its release from astrocyte nuclei in the spinal cord of EAE mice.Conversely,the addition of IL-33 counteracts the TNF-α-induced increase in HMGB1 and acetylated HMGB1 levels in primary astrocytes.These findings underscore the potential of IL-33-associated signaling pathways as a therapeutic target for EAE treatment.展开更多
The space groups of 244 crystal structures originally reported as P-1 are revised to space groups of higher symmetry. The largest number involves revisions to P2/c and C2/c.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of Chang’an decoction(肠安方,CAD)of ameliorating the immune imbalances in ulcerative colitis(UC)by regulating Rab27 in the P53/high mobility group box 1 pathway.METHODS:The functions a...OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of Chang’an decoction(肠安方,CAD)of ameliorating the immune imbalances in ulcerative colitis(UC)by regulating Rab27 in the P53/high mobility group box 1 pathway.METHODS:The functions and important signaling pathways of the Rab27-and UC-related genes were analyzed viathe use of microarray data from the gene expression omnibus database,gene ontology database,Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes database and gene set enrichment analysis.Dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced colitis mouse model was used to verify the bioinformatics results.Colon length,body weight,and disease activity index were measured.Hematoxylin and eosin staining was applied to validate the histopathology.Tight junction proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry.The proportions of T helper 17 cells(Th17)and regulatory T cells(Treg)in mesenteric lymph nodes were measured viaflow cytometry.Proinflammatory cytokines like interleukin(IL)17(IL-17),IL-21 and IL-22 and anti-inflammatory cytokines like transforming growth factorβand IL-10 in the serum and colon of mice were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,respectively.The expression levels of high mobility group box 1(HMGB1),P53 and phospho-P53(P-P53)in colonic tissues were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blotting.RESULTS:Bioinformatics analysis revealed that compared with normal tissues,the expression of Rab27 was significantly increased in UC tissues.Receiver operating characteristic curve showed that Rab27 has the potential to be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of disease activity.Enrichment analysis showed that UC and Rab27 were mainly associated with small molecule transport,nutrient metabolism,transmembrane transport and the downstream pathway of P53.According to animal experiments,the expression of Rab27 was increased in UC tissues,which aggravated the colonic pathological damage,activated the expression of HMGB1,and also leaded to the imbalance of Th17 and Treg cells.After CAD intervention,Rab27 overexpression,weight loss,colon shortening,and pathological damage were substantial reduced,the expression of tight junction proteins,zona occludens 1 and Occludin were increased.The effect of CAD at high-dose was more obvious.In addition,CAD upgraded the number of Treg cells and the production of TGF-βand IL-10,while decreasing the number of Th17 cells and the expression of inflammatory cytokines(IL-17,IL-21,and IL-22).Moreover,colon inflammation was alleviated by CAD,as indicated by the regulation of HMGB1 and P-P53 expression.CONCLUSION:The expression of Rab27,HMGB1 and P-P53 could be decreased by CAD,and the balance of Th17 and Treg cells as well as their related cytokines could be regulated by CAD.展开更多
Using the modified CK＇s direct method, we derive a symmetry group theorem of （2＋1）-dimensional dispersive long-wave equations. Based upon the theorem, Lie point symmetry groups and new exact solutions of （2＋1）-...Using the modified CK＇s direct method, we derive a symmetry group theorem of （2＋1）-dimensional dispersive long-wave equations. Based upon the theorem, Lie point symmetry groups and new exact solutions of （2＋1）- dimensional dispersive long-wave equations are obtained.展开更多
Objective To comparatively observe the effect of electroacupuncture at digestive system-related lower he-sea points on the expressions of serum interleukin-1β（IL-1 β）, tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） of colon t...Objective To comparatively observe the effect of electroacupuncture at digestive system-related lower he-sea points on the expressions of serum interleukin-1β（IL-1 β）, tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） of colon tissues and high mobility group box 1 protein（HMGB 1） of ulcerative colitis（UC） model rats, and to explore whether there is relative specificity of electroacupuncture at Shàngjùxū（上巨虚 ST 37）, one of lower he-sea points of large intestine, in treatment of bowel diseases. Method A total of 60 SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, ST 37 group, Zúsānl？（足三里 ST 36） group, Xiàjùxū（下巨虚 ST 39） group and Yánglíngquán（阳陵泉 GB 34） group. There were ten rats in each group; five were males, and five were females. UC models were established by clysis with 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid/alcohol solution. After modeling, treatment was conducted for ten days, specimens were collected, colonic ulcers and inflammation were inspected visually and scored. The content of serum IL-1β and the expressions of TNF-α and HMGB 1 in colon were detected through ELISA. Results 1 Compared with control group, the scores of colonic ulcers and inflammation, the content of serum IL-1β and the expressions of TNF-α（except ST 37 group） and HMGB 1 were all higher（P〈0.05, P〈0.01）; 2 compared with model group, the scores of colonic ulcers in ST 36 group and ST 37 group were lower obviously（P〈0.05, P〈0.01）; the expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α and HMGB 1 in the four treatment groups were lower obviously（P〈0.01）; 3 compared with ST 37 group, the expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α and HMGB 1 in other three treatment groups were higher obviously（P〈0.05, P〈0.01）; and the scores of colonic ulcers in ST 39 group and GB 34 group were higher obviously（P〈0.05）. Conclusion 1 The score of colonic ulcers can be reduced through electroacupuncture at ST 37, ST 36, ST 39 and GB 34, which can also reduce the content of serum IL-1β and the expressions of TNF-α and HMGB 1, and effectively inhibit inflammatory response of colon caused by UC; 2 the effect trend of the four acupoints in treatment of UC is： ST 37ST 36ST 39GB 34, and electroacupuncture at ST 37 has the best effect with relative specificity.展开更多
基金supported by Korean Research Foundation funded by the Korean Government (Grant No. KRF-2007-313-C00015)The second author was supported by Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Grant No. A-4064)
文摘We prove that certain 1-relator groups have Property E. Using this fact, we characterize all conjugacy separable 1-relator groups of the form a,b;(a-αbβaαbγ)t , t 1, having residually finite outer automorphism groups.
基金supported by the Korean Research Foundation from the Korean Government (Grant No.KRF-2008-313-C00017)the partial support by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Grant No.A-4064)
文摘Grossman first showed that outer automorphism groups of 1-relator groups given by orientable surface groups are residually finite,whence mapping class groups of orientable surfaces are residually finite.Allenby,Kim and Tang showed that outer automorphism groups of cyclically pinched 1-relator groups are residually finite,whence mapping class groups of orientable and non-orientable surfaces are residually finite.In this paper we show that outer automorphism groups of certain conjugacy separable 1-relator groups are residually finite.
基金supported by the Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province(No.2019YFS0040)the Improvement Plan of“Xinglin Scholar”Scientific Research Talent,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.XKTD2022002)。
文摘The activation of the sirtuin1(SIRT1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)pathway has been shown to mitigate oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial damage by reducing reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels.Clinical trials have demonstrated that Zhongfeng Xingnao Liquid(ZFXN)ameliorates post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI).However,the underlying mechanism,particularly whether it involves protecting mitochondria and inhibiting apoptosis through the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway,remains unclear.This study employed an oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD)cell model using SHSY5Y cells and induced PSCI in rats through modified bilateral carotid artery ligation(2VO).The effects of ZFXN on learning and memory,neuroprotective activity,mitochondrial function,oxidative stress,and the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway were evaluated both in vivo and in vitro.Results indicated that ZFXN significantly increased the B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl2)/Bcl2-associated X(Bax)ratio,reduced terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP nickend-labeling(TUNEL)+cells,and markedly improved cognition,synaptic plasticity,and neuronal function in the hippocampus and cortex.Furthermore,ZFXN exhibited potent antioxidant activity,evidenced by decreased ROS and malondialdehyde(MDA)content and increased superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and glutathione(GSH)levels.ZFXN also demonstrated considerable enhancement of mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),Tom 20 fluorescence intensity,adenosine triphosphate(ATP)and energy charge(EC)levels,and mitochondrial complexⅠandⅢactivity,thereby inhibiting mitochondrial damage.Additionally,ZFXN significantly increased SIRT1 activity and elevated SIRT1,nuclear Nrf2,and HO-1 levels.Notably,these effects were substantially counteracted when SIRT1 was suppressed by the inhibitor EX-527 in vitro.In conclusion,ZFXN alleviates PSCI by activating the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and preventing mitochondrial damage.
基金supported by a grant of the M.D.-Ph.D./Medical Scientist Training Program through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI)funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea(to HK)+3 种基金supported by National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grants funded by the Korean government(MSITMinistry of Science and ICT)(NRF2019R1A5A2026045 and NRF-2021R1F1A1061819)a grant from the Korean Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI),funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea(HR21C1003)New Faculty Research Fund of Ajou University School of Medicine(to JYC)。
文摘High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and neuroscience.High-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain injury.Several drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system disorders.Although it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system disorders.In this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory role.Research targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.
基金The project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China under Grant Nos. 2004zx16 and Q2005A01
文摘In this paper, the modified CK＇s direct method to find symmetry groups of nonlinear partial differential equation is extended to （2＋1）-dimensional variable coeffficient canonical generalized KP （VCCGKP） equation. As a result, symmetry groups, Lie point symmetry group and Lie symmetry for the VCCGKP equation are obtained. In fact, the Lie point symmetry group coincides with that obtained by the standard Lie group approach. Applying the given Lie symmetry, we obtain five types of similarity reductions and a lot of new exact solutions, including hyperbolic function solutions, triangular periodic solutions, Jacobi elliptic function solutions and rational solutions, for the VCCGKP equation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.90203001,90503006,0475055,and 10647112the Foundation of Donghua University
文摘A modified direct method is developed to find finite symmetry groups of nonlinear mathematical physicssystems.Applying the modified direct method to the well-known (2+1)-dimensional BKP equation we get its symmetry.Furthermore,the exact solutions of (2+1)-dimensional BKP equation are obtained through symmetry analysis.
文摘In this paper we study the convergence nf a class of means on H^p(G)(0<p<1),the means take the Bochner-Riesz means in[1],the generalized Bochner-Riesz means in[2],and the operators T^(Φ_r)in[3]as special cases.We obtain weak-type estimates for the associated maximal operators and the maximal mean boundedness for the means.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20772092)the Hubei Province Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(2007ABB021)
文摘Two 1,3-alternate thiacalix[4]arene derivatives bearing amide groups, 1,3-alternate p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene tetraamide （4）, and 1,3-alternate p-H-thiacalix[4]arene tetraamide （6） were prepared, and their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The steric hindrances posed by tert-butyl groups play an important part in the synthesis and the self-assembly of the two compounds. Compound 6 was synthesized from the corresponding ester, which was obtained by the reaction of acid chloride with ammonia. In the crystal structure, compound 4 presents a highly symmetric molecular structure, while for compound 6, because of absence of tert-butyl groups, it presents a more flexible molecular structure.
基金Supported by the Major Project of Changzhou Science and Technology Bureau,No.CJ20220255.
文摘BACKGROUND Accumulating studies indicated that maintain nuclei homeostasis was deemed to the protective factors for the occurrence of cancer.Thus,high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1)might influence the risk and poorer prognoses of colorectal cancer(CRC).AIM This study was designed to investigate whether HMGB1 polymorphisms influence the risk and lymph node metastasis(LNM)of CRC.METHODS Firstly,we designed an investigation with 1003 CRC patients and 1303 cancer-free controls to observe whether HMGB1 rs1412125 T>C and rs1045411 C>T SNPs could influence the risk of cancer.Subsequently,we carried out a correlation-analysis to assess whether these SNPs could alter the risk of LNM.RESULTS The current investigation suggested a relationship of HMGB1 rs1412125 SNP with the increased susceptibility of CRC.In a subgroup analysis,our findings suggested that this SNP could enhance an occurrence of CRC in≥61 years,non-drinker and body mass index<24 kg/m2 subgroups.However,we found that there was null association between HMGB1 rs1412125 SNP and LNM,even in different CRC region.These observations were confirmed by calculating the power value(more than 0.8).The association of HMGB1 rs1045411 C>T SNP with CRC risk and LNM was not found in any compare.CONCLUSION This study highlights a possible association between HMGB1 rs1412125 polymorphism and the increased risk of CRC.In the future,more studies should be conducted to explore HMGB1 rs1412125 polymorphism in relation to CRC development.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia reperfusion(HIR)injury is a major complication affecting various major liver surgeries,including liver transplantation.Aprepitant(APRE),a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist,is commonly used as an antiemetic to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.AIM To assess the potential protective effect of APRE against HIR-induced liver injury via targeting the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-,leucine-rich repeat-,and pyrin domain-containing receptor 3/interleukin(IL)-1beta signaling pathway.METHODS Six groups of adult male Wistar albino rats were divided as follows:Sham group,Sham/APRE10 group(APRE 10 mg/kg),HIR group,HIR/APRE5 group(APRE 5 mg/kg),HIR/APRE10 group(APRE 10 mg/kg),and HIR/APRE20 group(APRE 20 mg/kg).Serum alanine transaminase,aspartate transaminase,liver malondialdehyde,total antioxidant capacity levels,as well as IL-6,sirtuin 1(Sirt1),caspase-3,cleaved caspase-3,and tumor necrosis factor alpha biomarkers,were evaluated.Hepatic specimens were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically for nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2(Nrf2)immunoexpression.RESULTS HIR resulted in hepatic damage,as evidenced by histopathological changes and a significant increase in serum alanine transaminase,aspartate transaminase,hepatic malondialdehyde,caspase-3,and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels.Additionally,there were significant increases in hepatic total antioxidant capacity and reductions in IL-6 and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels,as demonstrated by Western blot analysis,along with enhanced immunoexpression of Sirt1 and Nrf2.APRE has significantly reduced various parameters of oxidative stress,inflammation,and apoptosis,and a significant increase in liver Nrf2 immunoexpression,leading to a significant improvement in the histopathological changes.CONCLUSION In conclusion,targeting the Sirt1/Nrf2 signaling pathway,as demonstrated by APRE in our model,could present a promising therapeutic target to protect against HIR-induced liver injury during major liver surgeries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82001281 and 82371195)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars(2022CFA104)the Research Fund of Jianghan University(2022XKZX28).
文摘High mobility group box 1(HMGB1),when released extracellularly,plays a pivotal role in the development of spinal cord synapses and exacerbates autoimmune diseases within the central nervous system.In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE),a condition that models multiple sclerosis,the levels of extracellular HMGB1 and interleukin-33(IL-33)have been found to be inversely correlated.However,the mechanism by which IL-33 deficiency enhances HMGB1 release during EAE remains elusive.Our study elucidates a potential signaling pathway whereby the absence of IL-33 leads to increased binding of P300/CBP-associated factor with HMGB1 in the nuclei of astrocytes,upregulating HMGB1 acetylation and promoting its release from astrocyte nuclei in the spinal cord of EAE mice.Conversely,the addition of IL-33 counteracts the TNF-α-induced increase in HMGB1 and acetylated HMGB1 levels in primary astrocytes.These findings underscore the potential of IL-33-associated signaling pathways as a therapeutic target for EAE treatment.
文摘The space groups of 244 crystal structures originally reported as P-1 are revised to space groups of higher symmetry. The largest number involves revisions to P2/c and C2/c.
基金Supported by Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineNational Natural Science Foundation of China:Mechanism of Chang’an Decoction in Intestinal Mucosal Immunity of Ulcerative Colitis on Exocrine Mediated Rab27(81903963)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province:the Role of the Neuropeptide Spexin-associated Gycogen Synthase Kinase-3βSignaling Pathway in Regulating the Enteric Nervous-immune Network in Ulcerative Colitis and the Intervention Mechanism of Chang’an Formula(2018A030310614)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of Chang’an decoction(肠安方,CAD)of ameliorating the immune imbalances in ulcerative colitis(UC)by regulating Rab27 in the P53/high mobility group box 1 pathway.METHODS:The functions and important signaling pathways of the Rab27-and UC-related genes were analyzed viathe use of microarray data from the gene expression omnibus database,gene ontology database,Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes database and gene set enrichment analysis.Dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced colitis mouse model was used to verify the bioinformatics results.Colon length,body weight,and disease activity index were measured.Hematoxylin and eosin staining was applied to validate the histopathology.Tight junction proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry.The proportions of T helper 17 cells(Th17)and regulatory T cells(Treg)in mesenteric lymph nodes were measured viaflow cytometry.Proinflammatory cytokines like interleukin(IL)17(IL-17),IL-21 and IL-22 and anti-inflammatory cytokines like transforming growth factorβand IL-10 in the serum and colon of mice were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,respectively.The expression levels of high mobility group box 1(HMGB1),P53 and phospho-P53(P-P53)in colonic tissues were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blotting.RESULTS:Bioinformatics analysis revealed that compared with normal tissues,the expression of Rab27 was significantly increased in UC tissues.Receiver operating characteristic curve showed that Rab27 has the potential to be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of disease activity.Enrichment analysis showed that UC and Rab27 were mainly associated with small molecule transport,nutrient metabolism,transmembrane transport and the downstream pathway of P53.According to animal experiments,the expression of Rab27 was increased in UC tissues,which aggravated the colonic pathological damage,activated the expression of HMGB1,and also leaded to the imbalance of Th17 and Treg cells.After CAD intervention,Rab27 overexpression,weight loss,colon shortening,and pathological damage were substantial reduced,the expression of tight junction proteins,zona occludens 1 and Occludin were increased.The effect of CAD at high-dose was more obvious.In addition,CAD upgraded the number of Treg cells and the production of TGF-βand IL-10,while decreasing the number of Th17 cells and the expression of inflammatory cytokines(IL-17,IL-21,and IL-22).Moreover,colon inflammation was alleviated by CAD,as indicated by the regulation of HMGB1 and P-P53 expression.CONCLUSION:The expression of Rab27,HMGB1 and P-P53 could be decreased by CAD,and the balance of Th17 and Treg cells as well as their related cytokines could be regulated by CAD.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China under Grant Nos.Q2005A01
文摘Using the modified CK＇s direct method, we derive a symmetry group theorem of （2＋1）-dimensional dispersive long-wave equations. Based upon the theorem, Lie point symmetry groups and new exact solutions of （2＋1）- dimensional dispersive long-wave equations are obtained.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China:81173327/H2718
文摘Objective To comparatively observe the effect of electroacupuncture at digestive system-related lower he-sea points on the expressions of serum interleukin-1β（IL-1 β）, tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） of colon tissues and high mobility group box 1 protein（HMGB 1） of ulcerative colitis（UC） model rats, and to explore whether there is relative specificity of electroacupuncture at Shàngjùxū（上巨虚 ST 37）, one of lower he-sea points of large intestine, in treatment of bowel diseases. Method A total of 60 SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, ST 37 group, Zúsānl？（足三里 ST 36） group, Xiàjùxū（下巨虚 ST 39） group and Yánglíngquán（阳陵泉 GB 34） group. There were ten rats in each group; five were males, and five were females. UC models were established by clysis with 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid/alcohol solution. After modeling, treatment was conducted for ten days, specimens were collected, colonic ulcers and inflammation were inspected visually and scored. The content of serum IL-1β and the expressions of TNF-α and HMGB 1 in colon were detected through ELISA. Results 1 Compared with control group, the scores of colonic ulcers and inflammation, the content of serum IL-1β and the expressions of TNF-α（except ST 37 group） and HMGB 1 were all higher（P〈0.05, P〈0.01）; 2 compared with model group, the scores of colonic ulcers in ST 36 group and ST 37 group were lower obviously（P〈0.05, P〈0.01）; the expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α and HMGB 1 in the four treatment groups were lower obviously（P〈0.01）; 3 compared with ST 37 group, the expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α and HMGB 1 in other three treatment groups were higher obviously（P〈0.05, P〈0.01）; and the scores of colonic ulcers in ST 39 group and GB 34 group were higher obviously（P〈0.05）. Conclusion 1 The score of colonic ulcers can be reduced through electroacupuncture at ST 37, ST 36, ST 39 and GB 34, which can also reduce the content of serum IL-1β and the expressions of TNF-α and HMGB 1, and effectively inhibit inflammatory response of colon caused by UC; 2 the effect trend of the four acupoints in treatment of UC is： ST 37ST 36ST 39GB 34, and electroacupuncture at ST 37 has the best effect with relative specificity.
