模拟研究京津冀地区地表土壤热通量,对该区域的干旱监测、生态系统功能评估、气候变化模拟及农作物估产具有重要参考意义.基于京津冀地区怀来站和馆陶站2个站点每10 min的自动气象站数据(四分量辐射、地表辐射温度、土壤热通量、多层土...模拟研究京津冀地区地表土壤热通量,对该区域的干旱监测、生态系统功能评估、气候变化模拟及农作物估产具有重要参考意义.基于京津冀地区怀来站和馆陶站2个站点每10 min的自动气象站数据(四分量辐射、地表辐射温度、土壤热通量、多层土壤水分和土壤温度),通过昼夜分开调整G_(0)_SEBS模型,构建了适用于京津冀地区的新模型G_(0)_SEBSadj.利用GLASS和GLDAS区域数据驱动G_(0)_SEBSadj模型,定量模拟了京津冀地区2010-2020年较高精度的地表土壤热通量(G_(0)),分析得出该区域近11 a G_(0)的时空变化特征.2010-2020年,京津冀地区G_(0)波动上升,这可能与全球气候变暖趋势密切相关;空间上,京津冀地区西北区域年均G_(0)较高,而太行山等海拔较高区域年均G_(0)较低,这可能与海拔地形影响相关.研究得出了京津冀地区2010-2020年地表土壤热通量的区域数据,揭示了该地区G_(0)的时空分布特征,为区域蒸散发及相关研究提供了数据支持及参考.展开更多
Analysis of the environmental and economic performance of fishing vessels has received limited attention compared with other ship types despite their notable contribution to global greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.This st...Analysis of the environmental and economic performance of fishing vessels has received limited attention compared with other ship types despite their notable contribution to global greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.This study evaluates the carbon footprint(CF)and economic viability of a liquefied natural gas(LNG)-fueled fishing vessel,using real engine operation simulations to provide precise and dynamic evaluation of fuel consumption and GHG emissions.Operational profiles are obtained through the utilization of onboard monitoring systems,whereas engine performance is simulated using the 1D/0D AVL Boost^(TM)model.Life cycle assessment(LCA)is conducted to quantify the environmental impact,whereas life cycle cost assessment(LCCA)is performed to analyze the profitability of LNG as an alternative fuel.The potential impact of the future fuel price uncertainties is addressed using Monte Carlo simulations.The LCA findings indicate that LNG has the potential to reduce the CF of the vessel by 14%to 16%,in comparison to a diesel power system configuration that serves as the baseline scenario.The LCCA results further indicate that the total cost of an LNG-powered ship is lower by 9.5%-13.8%,depending on the share of LNG and pilot fuels.This finding highlights the potential of LNG to produce considerable environmental benefits while addressing economic challenges under diverse operational and fuel price conditions.展开更多
Low-cost and high-safety aqueous Zn-I_(2) batteries attract extensive attention for large-scale energy storage systems.However,polyiodide shuttling and sluggish iodine conversion reactions lead to inferior rate capabi...Low-cost and high-safety aqueous Zn-I_(2) batteries attract extensive attention for large-scale energy storage systems.However,polyiodide shuttling and sluggish iodine conversion reactions lead to inferior rate capability and severe capacity decay.Herein,a three-dimensional polyaniline is wrapped by carboxylcarbon nanotubes(denoted as C-PANI)which is designed as a catalytic cathode to effectively boost iodine conversion with suppressed polyiodide shuttling,thereby improving Zn-I_(2) batteries.Specifically,carboxyl-carbon nanotubes serve as a proton reservoir for more protonated-NH+=sites in PANI chains,achieving a direct I0/I−reaction for suppressed polyiodide generation and Zn corrosion.Attributing to this“proton-iodine”regulation,catalytic protonated C-PANI strongly fixes electrolytic iodine species and stores proton ions simultaneously through reversible-N=/-NH^(+)-reaction.Therefore,the electrolytic Zn-I_(2) battery with C-PANI cathode exhibits an impressive capacity of 420 mAh g^(−1) and ultra-long lifespan over 40,000 cycles.Additionally,a 60 mAh pouch cell was assembled with excellent cycling stability after 100 cycles,providing new insights into exploring effective organocatalysts for superb Zn-halogen batteries.展开更多
文摘模拟研究京津冀地区地表土壤热通量,对该区域的干旱监测、生态系统功能评估、气候变化模拟及农作物估产具有重要参考意义.基于京津冀地区怀来站和馆陶站2个站点每10 min的自动气象站数据(四分量辐射、地表辐射温度、土壤热通量、多层土壤水分和土壤温度),通过昼夜分开调整G_(0)_SEBS模型,构建了适用于京津冀地区的新模型G_(0)_SEBSadj.利用GLASS和GLDAS区域数据驱动G_(0)_SEBSadj模型,定量模拟了京津冀地区2010-2020年较高精度的地表土壤热通量(G_(0)),分析得出该区域近11 a G_(0)的时空变化特征.2010-2020年,京津冀地区G_(0)波动上升,这可能与全球气候变暖趋势密切相关;空间上,京津冀地区西北区域年均G_(0)较高,而太行山等海拔较高区域年均G_(0)较低,这可能与海拔地形影响相关.研究得出了京津冀地区2010-2020年地表土壤热通量的区域数据,揭示了该地区G_(0)的时空分布特征,为区域蒸散发及相关研究提供了数据支持及参考.
文摘Analysis of the environmental and economic performance of fishing vessels has received limited attention compared with other ship types despite their notable contribution to global greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.This study evaluates the carbon footprint(CF)and economic viability of a liquefied natural gas(LNG)-fueled fishing vessel,using real engine operation simulations to provide precise and dynamic evaluation of fuel consumption and GHG emissions.Operational profiles are obtained through the utilization of onboard monitoring systems,whereas engine performance is simulated using the 1D/0D AVL Boost^(TM)model.Life cycle assessment(LCA)is conducted to quantify the environmental impact,whereas life cycle cost assessment(LCCA)is performed to analyze the profitability of LNG as an alternative fuel.The potential impact of the future fuel price uncertainties is addressed using Monte Carlo simulations.The LCA findings indicate that LNG has the potential to reduce the CF of the vessel by 14%to 16%,in comparison to a diesel power system configuration that serves as the baseline scenario.The LCCA results further indicate that the total cost of an LNG-powered ship is lower by 9.5%-13.8%,depending on the share of LNG and pilot fuels.This finding highlights the potential of LNG to produce considerable environmental benefits while addressing economic challenges under diverse operational and fuel price conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22209006,21935001)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022QE009)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(buctrc202307)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Z210016).
文摘Low-cost and high-safety aqueous Zn-I_(2) batteries attract extensive attention for large-scale energy storage systems.However,polyiodide shuttling and sluggish iodine conversion reactions lead to inferior rate capability and severe capacity decay.Herein,a three-dimensional polyaniline is wrapped by carboxylcarbon nanotubes(denoted as C-PANI)which is designed as a catalytic cathode to effectively boost iodine conversion with suppressed polyiodide shuttling,thereby improving Zn-I_(2) batteries.Specifically,carboxyl-carbon nanotubes serve as a proton reservoir for more protonated-NH+=sites in PANI chains,achieving a direct I0/I−reaction for suppressed polyiodide generation and Zn corrosion.Attributing to this“proton-iodine”regulation,catalytic protonated C-PANI strongly fixes electrolytic iodine species and stores proton ions simultaneously through reversible-N=/-NH^(+)-reaction.Therefore,the electrolytic Zn-I_(2) battery with C-PANI cathode exhibits an impressive capacity of 420 mAh g^(−1) and ultra-long lifespan over 40,000 cycles.Additionally,a 60 mAh pouch cell was assembled with excellent cycling stability after 100 cycles,providing new insights into exploring effective organocatalysts for superb Zn-halogen batteries.
