In this papert we construct unconstrained methods for the generalized nonlinearcomplementarity problem and variational inequalities. Properties of the correspon-dent unconstrained optimization problem are studied. We ...In this papert we construct unconstrained methods for the generalized nonlinearcomplementarity problem and variational inequalities. Properties of the correspon-dent unconstrained optimization problem are studied. We apply these methods tothe subproblems in trust region method, and study their interrelationships. Nu-merical results are also presented.展开更多
Consider a discrete time dynamical system x_(k+1)=f(x_k) on a compact metric space M, wheref: M→M is a continuous map. Let h:M→R^k be a continuous output function. Suppose that all ofthe positive orbits of f are den...Consider a discrete time dynamical system x_(k+1)=f(x_k) on a compact metric space M, wheref: M→M is a continuous map. Let h:M→R^k be a continuous output function. Suppose that all ofthe positive orbits of f are dense and that the system is observable. We prove that any outputtrajectory of the system determines f and h and M up to a homeomorphism.If M is a compactAbelian topological group and f is an ergodic translation, then any output trajectory determinesthe system up to a translation and a group isomorphism of the group.展开更多
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours(GISTs)are tumours that originate from mesenchymal tissue,are predominantly located in the stomach,and typically do not metastasize to the lymph nodes.Surgical intervention remains the ...Gastrointestinal stromal tumours(GISTs)are tumours that originate from mesenchymal tissue,are predominantly located in the stomach,and typically do not metastasize to the lymph nodes.Surgical intervention remains the primary treatment modality for GISTs.Historically,open surgery was the predominant approach;however,advancements in medical technology have led to laparoscopic surgery becoming the standard practice.Compared with traditional open surgical techniques,laparoscopic surgery is less invasive and facilitates more rapid postoperative recovery.Given that GISTs can arise at any location within the gas-trointestinal tract,the specific surgical methods employed vary according to both the tumour's anatomical site and its growth characteristics.The aim of this review is to examine laparoscopic surgical strategies for managing GISTs across different regions of the gastrointestinal tract by synthesizing recent research trends and relevant evidence-based medical literature.展开更多
Xu et al retrospectively assessed endoscopic resection(ER)for esophageal gastrointestinal stromal tumors(E-GISTs)and reported excellent 5-year survival rates.Although ER shows promise as a minimally invasive procedure...Xu et al retrospectively assessed endoscopic resection(ER)for esophageal gastrointestinal stromal tumors(E-GISTs)and reported excellent 5-year survival rates.Although ER shows promise as a minimally invasive procedure,the 75%R0 resection rate with recurrence observed even after R0 resection warrants further discussion.We highlight the need for careful patient selection based on tumor size,location,and risk,considering endoscopic and thoracoscopic approaches.Future studies should refine ER techniques,optimize patient selection,and establish long-term follow-up to guide E-GIST management.展开更多
BACKGROUND The technical complexity and potential for complications associated with endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)pose limitations on the widespread use of this procedure for stage 1 rectal neuroendocrine tumor...BACKGROUND The technical complexity and potential for complications associated with endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)pose limitations on the widespread use of this procedure for stage 1 rectal neuroendocrine tumors(NETs),despite its high success rate in achieving complete resection(R0).AIM To examine the results of ESD and hybrid ESD,a simpler adaptation of the ESD technique,for stage 1 rectal NETs.METHODS Seventy-nine patients with 84 lesions of clinical stage 1 rectal NETs who received treatment at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from January 2010 to June 2021 were reviewed retrospectively.RESULTS Sixty-one lesions in 58 patients were treated with ESD,while 23 in 21 patients were treated with hybrid ESD.The 84 rectal NETs had a median diameter of 8(5)mm(range,3-20 mm),with the median lesion size 8(5)mm for ESD and 8(4)mm for hybrid ESD(P=0.359).For ESD,the median duration of procedure was 46.00(14.00)minutes,while for hybrid ESD,it was 32.00(15.00)minutes(P<0.001).Both the ESD and hybrid ESD groups had identical rates of en bloc resection(100.00%vs 100.00%,P=1.000),R0 resection(86.89%vs 86.96%,P=1.000),perforation(1.64%vs 0.00%,P=1.000),and delayed bleeding(1.64%vs 4.35%,P=0.475).After a median of 27.50(30.00)months of observation,neither group had recurrence.CONCLUSION For endoscopic excision of stage 1 rectal NETs,both ESD and hybrid ESD were well tolerated and produced positive results,with similar efficacy and safety.展开更多
Objective:Esophageal carcinoma(EC)is a primary global health concern,ranking as the eighth most common cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related mortality.Endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR)and endoscopic sub...Objective:Esophageal carcinoma(EC)is a primary global health concern,ranking as the eighth most common cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related mortality.Endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR)and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)are widely used to manage early-stage EC and Barrett’s esophagus.However,their comparative efficacyand safety remain debated.This study aims to systematically compare the safety and efficacyof ESD and EMR in the treatment of early EC and Barrett’s esophagus.Methods:A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines.Databases,including MEDLINE(via PubMed),Google Scholar,and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies published up to October 2024.Twenty-two studies involving 3309 patients(1425 with ESD and 1884 with EMR)met the inclusion criteria.The outcomes assessed included en bloc resection,R0 resection,curative resection,local recurrence,bleeding,perforation,and stricture formation.Risk ratios(RR)with 95%CIs were calculated via a random-effects model via RevMan 5.4.Results:ESD significantlyoutperformed EMR in en bloc resection(RR=2.22,95%CI:1.69–2.90;p<0.001),R0 resection(RR=1.93,95%CI:1.28–2.91;p=0.002),and curative resection rates(RR=2.29,95%CI:1.52–3.46;p<0.001).ESD was associated with lower local recurrence in patients with squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)(RR=0.13,95%CI:0.06–0.30;p<0.001),whereas recurrence was greater in patients with Barrett’s esophagus(RR=1.67,95%CI:1.30–2.14;p<0.001).No significant difference was observed in bleeding rates;however,ESD was associated with a greater risk of perforation(RR=2.94,95%CI:1.31–6.60;p=0.009).Conclusion:ESD is more effective than EMR in achieving complete and curative resections for early EC and SCC,particularly for lesions>20 mm.However,it has a higher complication rate,especially perforation.Careful patient selection and procedural expertise are essential when choosing between the two techniques.展开更多
文摘In this papert we construct unconstrained methods for the generalized nonlinearcomplementarity problem and variational inequalities. Properties of the correspon-dent unconstrained optimization problem are studied. We apply these methods tothe subproblems in trust region method, and study their interrelationships. Nu-merical results are also presented.
文摘Consider a discrete time dynamical system x_(k+1)=f(x_k) on a compact metric space M, wheref: M→M is a continuous map. Let h:M→R^k be a continuous output function. Suppose that all ofthe positive orbits of f are dense and that the system is observable. We prove that any outputtrajectory of the system determines f and h and M up to a homeomorphism.If M is a compactAbelian topological group and f is an ergodic translation, then any output trajectory determinesthe system up to a translation and a group isomorphism of the group.
基金Supported by Quanzhou Science and Technology Plan Projects,No.2024NY033Key Clinical Specialty Discipline Construction Program of Fujian(Fujian Health Medicine and Politics),No.[2022]884.
文摘Gastrointestinal stromal tumours(GISTs)are tumours that originate from mesenchymal tissue,are predominantly located in the stomach,and typically do not metastasize to the lymph nodes.Surgical intervention remains the primary treatment modality for GISTs.Historically,open surgery was the predominant approach;however,advancements in medical technology have led to laparoscopic surgery becoming the standard practice.Compared with traditional open surgical techniques,laparoscopic surgery is less invasive and facilitates more rapid postoperative recovery.Given that GISTs can arise at any location within the gas-trointestinal tract,the specific surgical methods employed vary according to both the tumour's anatomical site and its growth characteristics.The aim of this review is to examine laparoscopic surgical strategies for managing GISTs across different regions of the gastrointestinal tract by synthesizing recent research trends and relevant evidence-based medical literature.
文摘Xu et al retrospectively assessed endoscopic resection(ER)for esophageal gastrointestinal stromal tumors(E-GISTs)and reported excellent 5-year survival rates.Although ER shows promise as a minimally invasive procedure,the 75%R0 resection rate with recurrence observed even after R0 resection warrants further discussion.We highlight the need for careful patient selection based on tumor size,location,and risk,considering endoscopic and thoracoscopic approaches.Future studies should refine ER techniques,optimize patient selection,and establish long-term follow-up to guide E-GIST management.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82403973.
文摘BACKGROUND The technical complexity and potential for complications associated with endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)pose limitations on the widespread use of this procedure for stage 1 rectal neuroendocrine tumors(NETs),despite its high success rate in achieving complete resection(R0).AIM To examine the results of ESD and hybrid ESD,a simpler adaptation of the ESD technique,for stage 1 rectal NETs.METHODS Seventy-nine patients with 84 lesions of clinical stage 1 rectal NETs who received treatment at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from January 2010 to June 2021 were reviewed retrospectively.RESULTS Sixty-one lesions in 58 patients were treated with ESD,while 23 in 21 patients were treated with hybrid ESD.The 84 rectal NETs had a median diameter of 8(5)mm(range,3-20 mm),with the median lesion size 8(5)mm for ESD and 8(4)mm for hybrid ESD(P=0.359).For ESD,the median duration of procedure was 46.00(14.00)minutes,while for hybrid ESD,it was 32.00(15.00)minutes(P<0.001).Both the ESD and hybrid ESD groups had identical rates of en bloc resection(100.00%vs 100.00%,P=1.000),R0 resection(86.89%vs 86.96%,P=1.000),perforation(1.64%vs 0.00%,P=1.000),and delayed bleeding(1.64%vs 4.35%,P=0.475).After a median of 27.50(30.00)months of observation,neither group had recurrence.CONCLUSION For endoscopic excision of stage 1 rectal NETs,both ESD and hybrid ESD were well tolerated and produced positive results,with similar efficacy and safety.
文摘Objective:Esophageal carcinoma(EC)is a primary global health concern,ranking as the eighth most common cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related mortality.Endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR)and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)are widely used to manage early-stage EC and Barrett’s esophagus.However,their comparative efficacyand safety remain debated.This study aims to systematically compare the safety and efficacyof ESD and EMR in the treatment of early EC and Barrett’s esophagus.Methods:A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines.Databases,including MEDLINE(via PubMed),Google Scholar,and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies published up to October 2024.Twenty-two studies involving 3309 patients(1425 with ESD and 1884 with EMR)met the inclusion criteria.The outcomes assessed included en bloc resection,R0 resection,curative resection,local recurrence,bleeding,perforation,and stricture formation.Risk ratios(RR)with 95%CIs were calculated via a random-effects model via RevMan 5.4.Results:ESD significantlyoutperformed EMR in en bloc resection(RR=2.22,95%CI:1.69–2.90;p<0.001),R0 resection(RR=1.93,95%CI:1.28–2.91;p=0.002),and curative resection rates(RR=2.29,95%CI:1.52–3.46;p<0.001).ESD was associated with lower local recurrence in patients with squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)(RR=0.13,95%CI:0.06–0.30;p<0.001),whereas recurrence was greater in patients with Barrett’s esophagus(RR=1.67,95%CI:1.30–2.14;p<0.001).No significant difference was observed in bleeding rates;however,ESD was associated with a greater risk of perforation(RR=2.94,95%CI:1.31–6.60;p=0.009).Conclusion:ESD is more effective than EMR in achieving complete and curative resections for early EC and SCC,particularly for lesions>20 mm.However,it has a higher complication rate,especially perforation.Careful patient selection and procedural expertise are essential when choosing between the two techniques.
