Leaf senescence can be triggered by various abiotic stresses.Among these,heat stress emerges as a pivotal environmental factor,particularly in light of the predicted rise in global temperatures.However,the molecular m...Leaf senescence can be triggered by various abiotic stresses.Among these,heat stress emerges as a pivotal environmental factor,particularly in light of the predicted rise in global temperatures.However,the molecular mechanism underlying heat-induced leaf senescence remains largely unexplored.As a cool-season grass species,tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea)is an ideal and imperative material for investigating heat-induced leaf senescence because heat stress easily triggers leaf senescence to influence its forage yield and turf quality.Here,we investigated the role of FaNAC047 in heat-induced leaf senescence.Overexpression of FaNAC047 promoted heat-induced leaf senescence in transgenic tall fescue that was evidenced by a more seriously destructive photosystem and higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),whereas knockdown of FaNAC047 delayed leaf senescence.Further protein-DNA interaction assays indicated that FaNAC047 directly activated the transcriptions of NON-YELLOW COLORING 1(FaNYC1),NYC1-like(FaNOL),and STAY-GREEN(FaSGR)but directly inhibited Catalases 2(FaCAT2)expression,thereby promoting chlorophyll degradation and ROS accumulation.Subsequently,protein-protein interaction assays revealed that FaNAC047 physically interacted with FaNAC058 to enhance its regulatory effect on FaNYC1,FaNOL,FaSGR,and FaCAT2.Additionally,FaNAC047 could transcriptionally activate FaNAC058 expression to form a regulatory cascade,driving senescence progression.Consistently,the knockdown of FaNAC058 significantly delayed heat-induced leaf senescence.Collectively,our results reveal that FaNAC047-FaNAC058 module coordinately mediates chlorophyll degradation and ROS production to positively regulate heat-induced leaf senescence.The findings illustrate the molecular network of heat-induced leaf senescence for breeding heat-resistant plants.展开更多
As social and economic tensions in China grow more strained, discussions about the inclusiveness of China＇s rapid growth become both more common and more important. In the face of these socio-economic realities, econ...As social and economic tensions in China grow more strained, discussions about the inclusiveness of China＇s rapid growth become both more common and more important. In the face of these socio-economic realities, economists are trying to determine exactly how inclusive China＇s growth has been and how to increase that inclusiveness going forward. This paper aims to examine and measure the rate of inclusiveness in China＇s growth from 1978 to 2009 using a membership-based fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Results indicate that the past 30 years in China have only achieved ＂basic inclusivity, ＂ which indicates that there is much work to be done before China＇s economic growth can be considered to have equally benefited its entire population.展开更多
Using directional distance function and nonparametric data envelopment analys＆, th＆ paper estimates the environmental total factor productivity （ETFP） of energy-intensive industries in China from 1995 to 2010, and...Using directional distance function and nonparametric data envelopment analys＆, th＆ paper estimates the environmental total factor productivity （ETFP） of energy-intensive industries in China from 1995 to 2010, and performs an empirical analysis on factors affecting ETFP growth after studying the differences of energy-intensive industries ＇ ETFP by industries and provinces. The findings include the following： energy-intensive industries ＇ETFP growth is mainly driven by technical progress; China, at its current development stage, still has the potential to raise the productivity of its energy- intensive industries. By estimating the provincial data, we find that the ETFP growth of different provinces converge at different levels. Further market liberalization, increased FDl flows and reductions in energy intensity will help to improve each province＇s ETFP growth. In addition, increasing investment in energy saving and emissions reduction and improving corporate environmental management capacity can help to reduce a company＇s short-term cost of complying with environmental regulations.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.32471765,32101430,and 32441039)the Major Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Province(No.2022LZGC018)+2 种基金the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hubei Province(No.2021CFA060)International Science and Technology Cooperation Project of Hubei Province(No.2021EHB021)the Science&Technology Specific Projects in Agricultural Hightech Industrial Demonstration Area of the Yellow River Delta(No.2022SZX13).
文摘Leaf senescence can be triggered by various abiotic stresses.Among these,heat stress emerges as a pivotal environmental factor,particularly in light of the predicted rise in global temperatures.However,the molecular mechanism underlying heat-induced leaf senescence remains largely unexplored.As a cool-season grass species,tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea)is an ideal and imperative material for investigating heat-induced leaf senescence because heat stress easily triggers leaf senescence to influence its forage yield and turf quality.Here,we investigated the role of FaNAC047 in heat-induced leaf senescence.Overexpression of FaNAC047 promoted heat-induced leaf senescence in transgenic tall fescue that was evidenced by a more seriously destructive photosystem and higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),whereas knockdown of FaNAC047 delayed leaf senescence.Further protein-DNA interaction assays indicated that FaNAC047 directly activated the transcriptions of NON-YELLOW COLORING 1(FaNYC1),NYC1-like(FaNOL),and STAY-GREEN(FaSGR)but directly inhibited Catalases 2(FaCAT2)expression,thereby promoting chlorophyll degradation and ROS accumulation.Subsequently,protein-protein interaction assays revealed that FaNAC047 physically interacted with FaNAC058 to enhance its regulatory effect on FaNYC1,FaNOL,FaSGR,and FaCAT2.Additionally,FaNAC047 could transcriptionally activate FaNAC058 expression to form a regulatory cascade,driving senescence progression.Consistently,the knockdown of FaNAC058 significantly delayed heat-induced leaf senescence.Collectively,our results reveal that FaNAC047-FaNAC058 module coordinately mediates chlorophyll degradation and ROS production to positively regulate heat-induced leaf senescence.The findings illustrate the molecular network of heat-induced leaf senescence for breeding heat-resistant plants.
文摘As social and economic tensions in China grow more strained, discussions about the inclusiveness of China＇s rapid growth become both more common and more important. In the face of these socio-economic realities, economists are trying to determine exactly how inclusive China＇s growth has been and how to increase that inclusiveness going forward. This paper aims to examine and measure the rate of inclusiveness in China＇s growth from 1978 to 2009 using a membership-based fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Results indicate that the past 30 years in China have only achieved ＂basic inclusivity, ＂ which indicates that there is much work to be done before China＇s economic growth can be considered to have equally benefited its entire population.
文摘Using directional distance function and nonparametric data envelopment analys＆, th＆ paper estimates the environmental total factor productivity （ETFP） of energy-intensive industries in China from 1995 to 2010, and performs an empirical analysis on factors affecting ETFP growth after studying the differences of energy-intensive industries ＇ ETFP by industries and provinces. The findings include the following： energy-intensive industries ＇ETFP growth is mainly driven by technical progress; China, at its current development stage, still has the potential to raise the productivity of its energy- intensive industries. By estimating the provincial data, we find that the ETFP growth of different provinces converge at different levels. Further market liberalization, increased FDl flows and reductions in energy intensity will help to improve each province＇s ETFP growth. In addition, increasing investment in energy saving and emissions reduction and improving corporate environmental management capacity can help to reduce a company＇s short-term cost of complying with environmental regulations.
