Background: Early research describing the concept of intensity-modulated conformal radiotherapy (IMRT) was based on 7 to 9 beams to reach an adequate level of modulation. Nevertheless, its implementation demands signi...Background: Early research describing the concept of intensity-modulated conformal radiotherapy (IMRT) was based on 7 to 9 beams to reach an adequate level of modulation. Nevertheless, its implementation demands significant resources. Our objective was to compare the compliance and homogeneity of target dose distribution between simplified IMRT and 3D-CRT in patients with cervical cancer and to assess the clinical value of simplified IMRT. Materials and Methods: From 2016 to 2017, 17 patients with stage IIB - IIIC cervical cancer were treated with external beam radiotherapy using simplified IMRT (12 cases) or 3DCRT (05 cases) and brachytherapy. Prior to radiotherapy, CT scans were conducted to delineate the target volume. The clinical target volume (CTV) included the uterus, primary tumor, supravaginal portion of the cervix, paracervical tissue, common iliac, internal and external iliac lymph nodes, obturator, and pre sacral lymph nodes, and the surrounding tissues. If the lower vagina was involved, the target volume included the whole vagina. The planning target volume (PTV) included the CTV with 1 cm anteriorly and 0.5 cm in all other directions. The PTV received 95% of 45 Gy (1.8 Gy/25 fraction). Dose-volume histogram, conformity index, homogeneity index, and treatment time per fraction were compared. Results: The 3D-CRT plan was more homogeneous than the simplified IMRT plan, while the simplified IMRT plan was more conformal. The volume of small bowels that received high-dose radiation significantly increased with simplified IMRT compared to 3D-CRT. Treatment time per fraction was 6 and 13 minutes for 3D-CRT and simplified IMRT, respectively. Conclusion: The simplified IMRT treatment plan is technically and dosimetrically acceptable and an alternative to the classic 3D-CRT plan for cervical cancer. It provides better dose distribution than 3D-CRT. However, the 3D-CRT treatment plan significantly reduced the overall treatment time per fraction.展开更多
Acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide and consists of two distinct cardiac pathologies:ST-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction...Acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide and consists of two distinct cardiac pathologies:ST-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEMI).[1]In China,AMI is widely recognized as a predominant cause of mortality in both urban and rural demographics,based on the 2022 Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China;moreover,its mortality rate has been reported to be rising,with a recurrence rate of 2.5%within one year.展开更多
According to the design specifications,the construction of extended piles involves traversing the tunnel’s upper region and extending to the underlying rock layer.To address this challenge,a subterranean transfer str...According to the design specifications,the construction of extended piles involves traversing the tunnel’s upper region and extending to the underlying rock layer.To address this challenge,a subterranean transfer structure spanning multiple subway tunnels was proposed.Deliberating on the function of piles in the transfer structure as springs with axial and bending stiffness,and taking into account the force balance and deformation coordination conditions of beams and plates within the transfer structure,we established a simplified mechanical model that incorporates soil stratification by combining it with the Winkler elastic foundation beam model.The resolved established simplifiedmechanicalmodel employed finite difference technology and the Newton-Simpsonmethod,elucidating the mechanical mechanism of the transfer structure.The research findings suggest that the load carried by the upper structural columns can be transferred to the pile foundation beneath the beams through the transfer structure,subsequently reaching the deep soil layer and ensuring minimal impact on adjacent tunnels.The established simplified analysis method can be used for stress analysis of the transfer structure,concurrently considering soil stratification,pile foundation behavior,and plate action.The pile length,pile section size,and beam section size within the transfer structure should account for the characteristics of the upper load,ensuring an even distribution of the beam bending moment.展开更多
Aiming at high cost and low efficiency of conventional branch bending method in the modern intensive planting and labor-saving cultivation mode of young pear trees,this paper provides a new branch bending method with ...Aiming at high cost and low efficiency of conventional branch bending method in the modern intensive planting and labor-saving cultivation mode of young pear trees,this paper provides a new branch bending method with wide source of raw materials,cheap price and simple operation,which is also suitable for the management of low-age branches in the process of high grafting and upgrading of traditional big trees.展开更多
In order to compensate the dispersion accumulated in a single mode fiber(SMF)for higher communication capacity,a simplified dispersion-compensation microstructure fiber(DC-MSF)with seven cores is proposed in this pape...In order to compensate the dispersion accumulated in a single mode fiber(SMF)for higher communication capacity,a simplified dispersion-compensation microstructure fiber(DC-MSF)with seven cores is proposed in this paper.The fiber’s cladding is made of pure silica without air holes,and its outer cores are composed of six germanium up-doped cylinders,which has the advantage of simple structure.The finite element method(FEM)and beam propagation method(BPM)are used to study the properties of the fiber,and the relationship between the structural parameters of the fiber and the dispersion,as well as the phase matching wavelength,is obtained.By optimizing the structural parameters of the fiber,the dispersion of the fiber can reach-5291.47 ps·nm^(-1)·km^(-1) at 1550 nm,and the coupling loss to the conventional single-mode fiber is only 0.137 d B.Compared with the conventional dispersion-compensation fiber,the fiber has lots of advantages,such as single mode transmission,easy to fabricate and low coupling loss with traditional SMF,etc.展开更多
Natural product elansolid A belongs to one type of polyketide macrolactone with promising antibiotic activity.Pre-viously,the first total synthesis of elansolid A in 28 longest linear sequence(LLS)and 41 steps in tota...Natural product elansolid A belongs to one type of polyketide macrolactone with promising antibiotic activity.Pre-viously,the first total synthesis of elansolid A in 28 longest linear sequence(LLS)and 41 steps in total has been achieved.Herein,the simplified analog of elansolid A,featured with a cyclohexyl-fused 19-memebered macrolactone,was proposed,and its asymmetric total synthesis based on a convergent strategy and key reactions exemplified by desymmetric alcoholysis of anhydride,Pd-catalyzed Stille coupling,Suzuki-Miyaura coupling as well as Mukaiyama macrolactonization was finished.展开更多
This paper investigates the hydrodynamic characteristics of floating truncated cylinders undergoing horizontal and vertical motions due to earthquake excitations in the finite water depth.The governing equation of the...This paper investigates the hydrodynamic characteristics of floating truncated cylinders undergoing horizontal and vertical motions due to earthquake excitations in the finite water depth.The governing equation of the hydrodynamic pressure acting on the cylinder is derived based on the radiation theory with the inviscid and incompressible assumptions.The governing equation is solved by using the method of separating variables and analytical solutions are obtained by assigning reasonable boundary conditions.The analytical result is validated by a numerical model using the exact artificial boundary simulation of the infinite water.The main variation and distribution characteristics of the hydrodynamic pressure acting on the side and bottom of the cylinder are analyzed for different combinations of wide-height and immersion ratios.The added mass coefficient of the cylinder is calculated by integrating the hydrodynamic pressure and simplified formulas are proposed for engineering applications.The calculation results show that the simplified formulas are in good agreement with the analytical solutions.展开更多
Toppling failure of rock mass/soil slope is an important geological and environmental problem.Clarifying its failure mechanism under different conditions has great significance in engineering.The toppling failure of a...Toppling failure of rock mass/soil slope is an important geological and environmental problem.Clarifying its failure mechanism under different conditions has great significance in engineering.The toppling failure of a cutting slope occurred in a hydropower station in Kyushu,Japan illustrates that the joint characteristic played a significant role in the occurrence of rock slope tipping failure.Thus,in order to consider the mechanical properties of jointed rock mass and the influence of geometric conditions,a simplified analytical approach based on the limit equilibrium method for modeling the flexural toppling of cut rock slopes is proposed to consider the influence of the mechanical properties and geometry condition of jointed rock mass.The theoretical solution is compared with the numerical solution taking Kyushu Hydropower Station in Japan as one case,and it is found that the theoretical solution obtained by the simplified analysis method is consistent with the numerical analytical solution,thus verifying the accuracy of the simplified method.Meanwhile,the Goodman-Bray approach conventionally used in engineering practice is improved according to the analytical results.The results show that the allowable slope angle may be obtained by the improved Goodman-Bray approach considering the joint spacing,the joint frictional angle and the tensile strength of rock mass together.展开更多
Composts are recognised as an important source of nutrients for crops. The study aims to valorise agricultural by-products by composts made from broiler (A), laying hen (B) and bovine (C) manures in soilless tomato cu...Composts are recognised as an important source of nutrients for crops. The study aims to valorise agricultural by-products by composts made from broiler (A), laying hen (B) and bovine (C) manures in soilless tomato cultivation. Treatments consisted of these three composts and controls consisting of coconut fibres fed with a nutrient solution. The system is a randomised Fisher block with three replications. Each elementary plot consisted of nine tomato plants. Chemical parameters of the substrates and agronomic parameters of the plants were recorded from 14 to 49 days after transplanting (DAT). The pH stabilised at around 6.2 after varying from 7.1 to 8.0 in the composts. The high electrical conductivity (5.9 - 6.01 dS/m) was less than 1 dS/m at 49 DAT. Agromorphological parameters were close to the controls. Fruit necrosis was higher in the compost-based substrates (13.75% - 32.22%) than in the controls (<2%). Healthy fruit yields from the composts (38.7 - 48.7 t/ha) were high, although lower than those from the controls (49.9 - 57.4 t/ha). Fruit harvested from these substrates had a longer average shelf life (38.23 days) than the controls (28.5 days). This study showed that composts have fertilising properties for soilless tomato cultivation, in particular that of laying hen manure (48.33 t/ha). These composts could provide an alternative to the use of chemical fertilisers in soilless tomato cultivation.展开更多
文摘Background: Early research describing the concept of intensity-modulated conformal radiotherapy (IMRT) was based on 7 to 9 beams to reach an adequate level of modulation. Nevertheless, its implementation demands significant resources. Our objective was to compare the compliance and homogeneity of target dose distribution between simplified IMRT and 3D-CRT in patients with cervical cancer and to assess the clinical value of simplified IMRT. Materials and Methods: From 2016 to 2017, 17 patients with stage IIB - IIIC cervical cancer were treated with external beam radiotherapy using simplified IMRT (12 cases) or 3DCRT (05 cases) and brachytherapy. Prior to radiotherapy, CT scans were conducted to delineate the target volume. The clinical target volume (CTV) included the uterus, primary tumor, supravaginal portion of the cervix, paracervical tissue, common iliac, internal and external iliac lymph nodes, obturator, and pre sacral lymph nodes, and the surrounding tissues. If the lower vagina was involved, the target volume included the whole vagina. The planning target volume (PTV) included the CTV with 1 cm anteriorly and 0.5 cm in all other directions. The PTV received 95% of 45 Gy (1.8 Gy/25 fraction). Dose-volume histogram, conformity index, homogeneity index, and treatment time per fraction were compared. Results: The 3D-CRT plan was more homogeneous than the simplified IMRT plan, while the simplified IMRT plan was more conformal. The volume of small bowels that received high-dose radiation significantly increased with simplified IMRT compared to 3D-CRT. Treatment time per fraction was 6 and 13 minutes for 3D-CRT and simplified IMRT, respectively. Conclusion: The simplified IMRT treatment plan is technically and dosimetrically acceptable and an alternative to the classic 3D-CRT plan for cervical cancer. It provides better dose distribution than 3D-CRT. However, the 3D-CRT treatment plan significantly reduced the overall treatment time per fraction.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021QH096,ZR2020MH024)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82300354,882070345)+2 种基金the Academic Promotion Program of Shandong First Medical University(2019QL012)the Shandong Taishan Scholarship(to SHY)fund of Tianjin Zhongxin Pharmaceutical Group Co.,Ltd。
文摘Acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide and consists of two distinct cardiac pathologies:ST-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEMI).[1]In China,AMI is widely recognized as a predominant cause of mortality in both urban and rural demographics,based on the 2022 Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China;moreover,its mortality rate has been reported to be rising,with a recurrence rate of 2.5%within one year.
基金supported by the Construction and Scientific Research Project of the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development(No.2021K126,Granted byM.J.,Long,URL:https://jst.zj.gov.cn/)the ScientificResearch Project of ChinaConstruction 4th Engineering Bureau(No.CSCEC4B-2022-KTA-10,Granted by Z.C.,Bai,URL:https://4 bur.cscec.com/)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Project of China Construction 4th Engineering Bureau(No.CSCEC4B-2023-KTA-10,Granted by D.J.,Geng,URL:https://4bur.cscec.com/)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2022CFD055,Granted by N.,Dai,URL:https://kjt.hubei.gov.cn/)the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2022YFC3803002.
文摘According to the design specifications,the construction of extended piles involves traversing the tunnel’s upper region and extending to the underlying rock layer.To address this challenge,a subterranean transfer structure spanning multiple subway tunnels was proposed.Deliberating on the function of piles in the transfer structure as springs with axial and bending stiffness,and taking into account the force balance and deformation coordination conditions of beams and plates within the transfer structure,we established a simplified mechanical model that incorporates soil stratification by combining it with the Winkler elastic foundation beam model.The resolved established simplifiedmechanicalmodel employed finite difference technology and the Newton-Simpsonmethod,elucidating the mechanical mechanism of the transfer structure.The research findings suggest that the load carried by the upper structural columns can be transferred to the pile foundation beneath the beams through the transfer structure,subsequently reaching the deep soil layer and ensuring minimal impact on adjacent tunnels.The established simplified analysis method can be used for stress analysis of the transfer structure,concurrently considering soil stratification,pile foundation behavior,and plate action.The pile length,pile section size,and beam section size within the transfer structure should account for the characteristics of the upper load,ensuring an even distribution of the beam bending moment.
基金Technology Innovation Special Project of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(2022KJCXZX-CGS-7,2023KJCXZX-CGS-11)Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province(21326308D-1-2)+1 种基金Hebei Agriculture Research System(HBCT2024170406)China Agricultural(Pear)Research System(CARS-28-27).
文摘Aiming at high cost and low efficiency of conventional branch bending method in the modern intensive planting and labor-saving cultivation mode of young pear trees,this paper provides a new branch bending method with wide source of raw materials,cheap price and simple operation,which is also suitable for the management of low-age branches in the process of high grafting and upgrading of traditional big trees.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.F2021203002)the Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department(No.ZD2021409)+2 种基金the Research Projects of Talent Project Training Funds of Hebei Province(No.C20221067)the Talent Project of Tangshan City(No.A202110009)the Science and Technology Project of Tangshan City(No.22130216G)。
文摘In order to compensate the dispersion accumulated in a single mode fiber(SMF)for higher communication capacity,a simplified dispersion-compensation microstructure fiber(DC-MSF)with seven cores is proposed in this paper.The fiber’s cladding is made of pure silica without air holes,and its outer cores are composed of six germanium up-doped cylinders,which has the advantage of simple structure.The finite element method(FEM)and beam propagation method(BPM)are used to study the properties of the fiber,and the relationship between the structural parameters of the fiber and the dispersion,as well as the phase matching wavelength,is obtained.By optimizing the structural parameters of the fiber,the dispersion of the fiber can reach-5291.47 ps·nm^(-1)·km^(-1) at 1550 nm,and the coupling loss to the conventional single-mode fiber is only 0.137 d B.Compared with the conventional dispersion-compensation fiber,the fiber has lots of advantages,such as single mode transmission,easy to fabricate and low coupling loss with traditional SMF,etc.
基金Project supported by the High-Level Talent Program of Yunnan Province(No.Y93D321261)the Regional Development Program for Young Scholars,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(No.E323521311)the Science and Technology Department of Yunan Province(Nos.202305AH34005,202401AS070096)。
文摘Natural product elansolid A belongs to one type of polyketide macrolactone with promising antibiotic activity.Pre-viously,the first total synthesis of elansolid A in 28 longest linear sequence(LLS)and 41 steps in total has been achieved.Herein,the simplified analog of elansolid A,featured with a cyclohexyl-fused 19-memebered macrolactone,was proposed,and its asymmetric total synthesis based on a convergent strategy and key reactions exemplified by desymmetric alcoholysis of anhydride,Pd-catalyzed Stille coupling,Suzuki-Miyaura coupling as well as Mukaiyama macrolactonization was finished.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52078010 and 52101321)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3004300).
文摘This paper investigates the hydrodynamic characteristics of floating truncated cylinders undergoing horizontal and vertical motions due to earthquake excitations in the finite water depth.The governing equation of the hydrodynamic pressure acting on the cylinder is derived based on the radiation theory with the inviscid and incompressible assumptions.The governing equation is solved by using the method of separating variables and analytical solutions are obtained by assigning reasonable boundary conditions.The analytical result is validated by a numerical model using the exact artificial boundary simulation of the infinite water.The main variation and distribution characteristics of the hydrodynamic pressure acting on the side and bottom of the cylinder are analyzed for different combinations of wide-height and immersion ratios.The added mass coefficient of the cylinder is calculated by integrating the hydrodynamic pressure and simplified formulas are proposed for engineering applications.The calculation results show that the simplified formulas are in good agreement with the analytical solutions.
基金Project(52109132)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(ZR2020QE270)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China+1 种基金Project(JMDPC202204)supported by State Key Laboratory of Strata Intelligent Control,Green Mining Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and TechnologyShandong University of Science and Technology,China。
文摘Toppling failure of rock mass/soil slope is an important geological and environmental problem.Clarifying its failure mechanism under different conditions has great significance in engineering.The toppling failure of a cutting slope occurred in a hydropower station in Kyushu,Japan illustrates that the joint characteristic played a significant role in the occurrence of rock slope tipping failure.Thus,in order to consider the mechanical properties of jointed rock mass and the influence of geometric conditions,a simplified analytical approach based on the limit equilibrium method for modeling the flexural toppling of cut rock slopes is proposed to consider the influence of the mechanical properties and geometry condition of jointed rock mass.The theoretical solution is compared with the numerical solution taking Kyushu Hydropower Station in Japan as one case,and it is found that the theoretical solution obtained by the simplified analysis method is consistent with the numerical analytical solution,thus verifying the accuracy of the simplified method.Meanwhile,the Goodman-Bray approach conventionally used in engineering practice is improved according to the analytical results.The results show that the allowable slope angle may be obtained by the improved Goodman-Bray approach considering the joint spacing,the joint frictional angle and the tensile strength of rock mass together.
文摘Composts are recognised as an important source of nutrients for crops. The study aims to valorise agricultural by-products by composts made from broiler (A), laying hen (B) and bovine (C) manures in soilless tomato cultivation. Treatments consisted of these three composts and controls consisting of coconut fibres fed with a nutrient solution. The system is a randomised Fisher block with three replications. Each elementary plot consisted of nine tomato plants. Chemical parameters of the substrates and agronomic parameters of the plants were recorded from 14 to 49 days after transplanting (DAT). The pH stabilised at around 6.2 after varying from 7.1 to 8.0 in the composts. The high electrical conductivity (5.9 - 6.01 dS/m) was less than 1 dS/m at 49 DAT. Agromorphological parameters were close to the controls. Fruit necrosis was higher in the compost-based substrates (13.75% - 32.22%) than in the controls (<2%). Healthy fruit yields from the composts (38.7 - 48.7 t/ha) were high, although lower than those from the controls (49.9 - 57.4 t/ha). Fruit harvested from these substrates had a longer average shelf life (38.23 days) than the controls (28.5 days). This study showed that composts have fertilising properties for soilless tomato cultivation, in particular that of laying hen manure (48.33 t/ha). These composts could provide an alternative to the use of chemical fertilisers in soilless tomato cultivation.
