In recent years, the research advancements have high-lighted the critical role of the A-site cation in determining the optoelectronic and physicochemical properties of organicinorganic lead halide perovskites. Mixed-c...In recent years, the research advancements have high-lighted the critical role of the A-site cation in determining the optoelectronic and physicochemical properties of organicinorganic lead halide perovskites. Mixed-cation perovskites(MCPs) have been extensively used as absorber thin films in perovskite solar cells(PSCs), achieving high power conversion efficiencies(PCE) over 26%^([1, 2]).展开更多
Welded joints can be divided into different material zones,with considerable variation of material properties around the weld toe.The material inhomogeneity influences the local stress and strain of welded joints unde...Welded joints can be divided into different material zones,with considerable variation of material properties around the weld toe.The material inhomogeneity influences the local stress and strain of welded joints under monotonic and cyclic loading.This study aims to examine the local stress and strain characteristics of welded joints considering material inhomogeneity.Numerical models with various material zones were developed,and material properties were determined based on hardness.Smooth specimen models were used to analyze stress and strain distributions excluding notch effects.A detailed inhomogeneous model of a welded joint was established based on extensive microhardness measurements around the weld toe and the Kriging interpolation method.Additionally,a homogeneous model and a simplified inhomogeneous model,based on limited measured data,were generated and compared with the detailed inhomogeneous model.Fatigue life was estimated using the Smith,Watson,and Topper method based on the obtained stress and strain.For smooth specimen models,stress concentration occurs at a location where the strain is not significant,and fatigue cracks were most likely to initiate from the base metal.Results from the two simplified models showed deviations from those of the detailed inhomogeneous model,and the limitations of these simplified models are discussed.展开更多
To improve strength and ductility of Ti-Zr-Nb lightweight refractory multi-principal element alloys(LRMPEAs)simultaneously,which is difficult for traditional solution strengthening and second-phase/precipitate strengt...To improve strength and ductility of Ti-Zr-Nb lightweight refractory multi-principal element alloys(LRMPEAs)simultaneously,which is difficult for traditional solution strengthening and second-phase/precipitate strengthening,the compositional inhomogeneity in TiZrNb ternary equimolar LRMPEAs with a single-phased body-centered cubic structure is stimulated and tailored by doping V element.When V is introduced,compositional inhomogeneity shows as the segregation of V and Zr elements form.As the value of x for TiZrNbV_(x)LRMPEAs increases from 0.3 to 0.6,the mild compositional fluctuation develops to the spinodal decomposition structured three-dimensional framework with a periodicity of~5 nm.Then the dislocations in TiZrNbV_(0.6)LRMPEA are compactly pinned,a remarkable strengthening effect(~120 MPa)while the Frank-Read sources for dislocation multiplication and cross-slip are stimulated.Thus,an optimal combination of strength and ductility including the yield strength of 883 MPa and the fracture elongation of 26.6%is achieved in TiZrNbV0.6 LRMPEA.This work provides a useful method to enhance the strength of Ti-Zr-Nb LRMPEAs without sacrificing the ductility.This way is expected to be effective for other multi-principal element alloys,including high-entropy alloys and medium-entropy alloys.展开更多
The inhomogeneity of density and mechanical properties of A357 aluminum alloy in the semi-solid state were investigated.Numerical simulation and backward extrusion were adopted to study the preparation of cup shells.T...The inhomogeneity of density and mechanical properties of A357 aluminum alloy in the semi-solid state were investigated.Numerical simulation and backward extrusion were adopted to study the preparation of cup shells.The results show that the relative density of the wall is the lowest in samples,and that of the base is the highest.With increasing the billet height,more time is needed for relative density of the corner to reach the maximum value,and the relative densities in every region improve evidently with increasing the pressure.The tensile stress was simulated to be the largest at the corner,and the hot tearings were forecasted to mainly appear at the corner too.By employing proper billet height and pressure,the extruded samples consisted of fine and uniform microstructures,and can obtain excellent mechanical properties and Brinell hardness.展开更多
Ultra thin epitaxial CoSi 2 films are fabricated by solid state reaction of a deposited bilayer of Co(3nm)/Ti (1nm) on n Si(100) substrates at different temperatures.The local barrier heights of the CoSi 2/Si cont...Ultra thin epitaxial CoSi 2 films are fabricated by solid state reaction of a deposited bilayer of Co(3nm)/Ti (1nm) on n Si(100) substrates at different temperatures.The local barrier heights of the CoSi 2/Si contacts are determined by using the ballistic electron emission microscopy (BEEM) and its spectroscopy (BEES) at low temperature.For CoSi 2/Si contact annealed at 800℃,the spatial distribution of barrier heights,which have mean barrier height of 599meV and a standard deviation of 21meV,obeys the Gaussian Function.However,for a sample that is annealed at 700℃,the barrier heights of it are more inhomogenous.Its local barrier heights range from 152meV to 870meV,which implies the large inhomogeneity of the CoSi 2 film.展开更多
A wavelet method was applied to detect inhomogeneities in daily meteorological series, data which are being increasingly applied in studies of climate extremes. The wavelet method has been applied to a few well- estab...A wavelet method was applied to detect inhomogeneities in daily meteorological series, data which are being increasingly applied in studies of climate extremes. The wavelet method has been applied to a few well- established long-term daily temperature series back to the 18th century, which have been ＂homogenized＂ with conventional approaches. Various types of problems remaining in the series were revealed with the wavelet method. Their influences on analyses of change in climate extremes are discussed. The results have importance for understanding issues in conventional climate data processing and for development of improved methods of homogenization in order to improve analysis of climate extremes based on daily data.展开更多
Inhomogeneities in the temperature series from Beijing and Shanghai are analyzed, using the detailed histories of both sets of observations. The major corrections for different periods range from ?0.33 to 0.6°C f...Inhomogeneities in the temperature series from Beijing and Shanghai are analyzed, using the detailed histories of both sets of observations. The major corrections for different periods range from ?0.33 to 0.6°C for Beijing and ?0.33 to 0.3°C for Shanghai, Annual mean and extreme temperature series are deduced from the daily observations and trends in the adjusted and unadjusted series are compared. The adjusted yearly mean temperatures show a warming trend of 0.5°C/ century since the turn of this century and an enhanced one of 2.0°C/ century since the 1960s. In contrast, the unadjusted data show a twice this value trend for Shanghai but little trend for Beijing at the long-term scale and overestimate the recent warming by 50%–130%. Beijing experienced a decrease of frequency of the extremes together with a cooling during the 1940s–1970s and an increase of frequency of extremes together with a warming since then. The trends of frequency of extremes at Shanghai were more or less opposite. It is implied that the regional trends of strong weather variations may be different even when the regional mean temperatures coherently change. Key words Inhomogeneity - Daily temperature series - Climatic warming - Extreme temperature The study was supported by the China NKBRSF Project G 1999043400, IAP/ DF and CAS project (KZ951-A1-402).展开更多
The evaporation duct which forms above the ocean surface has a significant influence on electromagnetic wave propagation above 2 GHz over the ocean. The effects of horizontal inhomogeneity of evaporation duct on elect...The evaporation duct which forms above the ocean surface has a significant influence on electromagnetic wave propagation above 2 GHz over the ocean. The effects of horizontal inhomogeneity of evaporation duct on electromagnetic wave propagation are investigated, both in numerical simulation and experimental observation methods, in this paper. Firstly, the features of the horizontal inhomogeneity of the evaporation duct are discussed. Then, two typical inhomogeneous cases are simulated and compared with the homogeneous case. The result shows that path loss is significantly higher than that in the homogeneous case when the evaporation duct height （EDH） at the receiver is lower than that at the transmitter. It is also concluded that the horizontal inhomogeneity of the evaporation duct has a significant influence when the EDH is low or when the electromagnetic wave frequency is lower than 13 GHz. Finally, experimental data collected on a 149-km long propagation path in the South China Sea in 2013 are used to verify the conclusion. The experimental results are consis- tent with the simulation results. The horizontal inhomogeneity of evaporation duct should be considered when modeling electromagnetic wave propagation over the ocean.展开更多
This article presents an analysis of the scattering of anti-plane shear waves from a single cylindrical inhomogeneity partially bonded to an unbounded magneto-electro-elastic matrix. The magneto-electric permeable bou...This article presents an analysis of the scattering of anti-plane shear waves from a single cylindrical inhomogeneity partially bonded to an unbounded magneto-electro-elastic matrix. The magneto-electric permeable boundary conditions are adopted. The crack opening displacement is represented by Chebyshev polynomials and a system of equations is derived and solved for the unknown coefficients. Some examples are calculated and the results are illustrated. The results show that the COD increases when the piezomagnetic coefficient of the inhomogeneity bonded to the piezoelectric matrix becomes larger, and that the COD decreases when the piezomagnetic coefficient of the matrix with the piezoelectric inhomogeneity increases.展开更多
The elastic interaction between a screw dislocation and an elliptical inhomogeneity with interfacial cracks is studied. The screw dislocation may be located outside or inside the inhomogeneity. An efficient complex va...The elastic interaction between a screw dislocation and an elliptical inhomogeneity with interfacial cracks is studied. The screw dislocation may be located outside or inside the inhomogeneity. An efficient complex variable method for the complex multiply connected region is developed, and the general solutions to the problem are derived. As illustrative examples, solutions in explicit series form for complex potentials are presented in the case of one or two interfacial cracks. Image forces on the dislocation are calculated by using the Peach-Koehler formula. The influence of crack geometries and material properties on the image forces is evaluated and discussed. It is shown that the interfacial crack has a significant effect on the equilibrium position of the dislocation near an elliptical-arc interface. The main results indicate, when the length of the crack goes up to a critical value, the presence of the interfacial crack can change the interaction mechanism between a screw dislocation and an elliptical inclusion. The present solutions can include a number of previously known results as special cases.展开更多
A theoretical model was suggested which describes the generation of the misfit dislocation dipole in the system of the viscoelastic matrix containing a circular stiff nanoscale inhomogeneity.The critical condition of ...A theoretical model was suggested which describes the generation of the misfit dislocation dipole in the system of the viscoelastic matrix containing a circular stiff nanoscale inhomogeneity.The critical condition of misfit dislocation dipole and the solution of equilibrium position were given.The influence of the ratio of shear modulus,the misfit strain and viscosity on the equilibrium of the dislocation and critical parameter of inhomogeneity was investigated.The result shows that the equilibrium position de increases with the increase of the ratio of original shear modulus and the effect decreases with the increase of viscosity of matrix.Along with the increase of viscosity of matrix,de first increases and then decreases and possesses maximum value when t=0.3τ and tends to a stable value when t≥1.0τ.Along with the increase of viscosity of matrix,Rc first decreases and then increases and possesses minimum value when t=0.3τ and tends to a stable value when t≥1.0τ.展开更多
In this paper we use theoretical analysis and extensive simulations to study zone inhomogeneity with the random asymmetric simple exclusion process （ASEP）. In the inhomogeneous zone, the hopping probability is less ...In this paper we use theoretical analysis and extensive simulations to study zone inhomogeneity with the random asymmetric simple exclusion process （ASEP）. In the inhomogeneous zone, the hopping probability is less than 1. Two typical lattice geometries are investigated here. In case A, the lattice includes two equal segments. The hopping probability in the left segment is equal to 1, and in the right segment it is equal to p, which is less than 1. In case B, there are three equal segments in the system; the hopping probabilities in the left and right segments are equal to 1, and in the middle segment it is equal to p, which is less than 1. Through theoretical analysis, we can discover the effect on these systems when p is changed.展开更多
There are two widely used radiative models without consideration of aerosol inhomogeneity for satellite remote sensing application, the Homogeneous Model and the Two-layer Model with aerosol in the lower layer. In thi...There are two widely used radiative models without consideration of aerosol inhomogeneity for satellite remote sensing application, the Homogeneous Model and the Two-layer Model with aerosol in the lower layer. In this paper, effects of the aerosol vertical inhomogeneity on upwelling radiance and satellite remote sensing of surface reflectance are analyzed through numerical simulations by using two models. As shown in the simulations by using 24 representative aerosol models, there is often a considerably large error in upwel-ling radiance calculated by two models (Homogeneous and Two-layer) for the short wavelength channel with strong molecular scattering, owing to the difference between molecular and aerosol scattering proper-ties. For the long wavelength channel, the error is small if aerosol optical parameters are less variable with height, but it could also be significant if there are aerosol layers with different scattering phase functions and single scattering albedo. The radiance errors by the Homogeneous Model and the Two-layer Model can be up to 31.4% and 31.5% for the clean atmosphere, and in case of turbid atmosphere 67.8% and 59.2%, respectively. The radiance error could result in a large uncertainty of surface reflectance retrievals, especially for the short wavelength channel and the strongly absorbing aerosol. For the turbid atmosphere with strong-ly absorbing aerosol, the Homogeneous Model and the Two-layer Model are not suitable for atmospheric correction application. Key words Satellite remote sensing - Aerosol inhomogeneity - Surface reflectance - Radiance展开更多
Tung＇s model was used to analyze anomalies observed in Ti/Si C Schottky contacts. The degree of the inhomogeneous Schottky barrier after annealing at different temperatures is characterized by the ‘T0anomaly＇ and t...Tung＇s model was used to analyze anomalies observed in Ti/Si C Schottky contacts. The degree of the inhomogeneous Schottky barrier after annealing at different temperatures is characterized by the ‘T0anomaly＇ and the difference（△Φ）between the uniformly high barrier height（Φ0B） and the effective barrier height（Φeff B）. Those two parameters of Ti Schottky contacts on 4H–Si C were deduced from I–V measurements in the temperature range of 298 K–503 K. The increase in Schottky barrier（SB） height（ΦB） and decrease in the ideality factor（n） with an increase measurement temperature indicate the presence of an inhomogeneous SB. The degree of inhomogeneity of the Schottky barrier depends on the annealing temperature, and it is at its lowest for 500-°C thermal treatment. The degree of inhomogeneity of the SB could reveal effects of thermal treatments on Schottky contacts in other aspects.展开更多
The elastoplastic pure bending problem of a curved beam with material inhomo- geneity is investigated based on Tresca＇s yield criterion and its associated flow rule. Suppose that the material is elastically isotropic...The elastoplastic pure bending problem of a curved beam with material inhomo- geneity is investigated based on Tresca＇s yield criterion and its associated flow rule. Suppose that the material is elastically isotropic, ideally elastic-plastic and its elastic modulus and yield limit vary radially according to exponential functions. Closed-form solutions to the stresses and radial displacement in both purely elastic stress state and partially plastic stress state are presented. Numerical examples reveal the distinct characteristics of elastoplastic bending of a curved beam composed of inhomogeneous materials. Due to the inhomogeneity of materials, the bearing capac- ity of the curved beam can be improved greatly and the initial yield mode can also be dominated. Closed-form solutions presented here can serve as benchmark results for evaluating numerical solutions.展开更多
The local inhomogeneity of the stir zone in friction stir welded face-centered cubic metal was investigated,which has multiple activated slip systems during plastic deformation,by selecting commercial AA1050 aluminum ...The local inhomogeneity of the stir zone in friction stir welded face-centered cubic metal was investigated,which has multiple activated slip systems during plastic deformation,by selecting commercial AA1050 aluminum alloy as an ideal experimental material.The local inhomogeneity was evaluated by uniaxial tensile tests using small samples with a 1 mm gauge length.The corresponding microstructural parameters such as grain size,misorientation angle distribution,and micro-texture,were quantified by the backscattered electron diffraction technique.A comprehensive model was used to reveal the microstructure−mechanical property relationship.The experimental results showed that the uniaxial tensile property changes significantly across the weld.The maximum ultimate tensile strength(UTS)occurred in the center of the stir zone,which was 99.0 MPa.The weakest regions were located at the two sides of the stir zone.The largest difference value in UTS reached 14.9 MPa,accounting for 15%of the maximum UTS.The analysis on the structure−mechanical property relationship suggests that the micro-texture change with the location formed during the rotational material flow is the main reason for the local inhomogeneity.展开更多
Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surf...Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52462032, 62274018, 52462031)Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province (202501AT070353, 202101BE070001-049)+2 种基金the Xinjiang Construction Corps Key Areas of Science and Technology Research Project (2023AB029)the Tianchi Talent Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (2024, Jiangzhao Chen)the Key Project of Chongqing Overseas Students Returning to China Entrepreneurship and Innovation Support Plan (cx2023006)。
文摘In recent years, the research advancements have high-lighted the critical role of the A-site cation in determining the optoelectronic and physicochemical properties of organicinorganic lead halide perovskites. Mixed-cation perovskites(MCPs) have been extensively used as absorber thin films in perovskite solar cells(PSCs), achieving high power conversion efficiencies(PCE) over 26%^([1, 2]).
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52101350).
文摘Welded joints can be divided into different material zones,with considerable variation of material properties around the weld toe.The material inhomogeneity influences the local stress and strain of welded joints under monotonic and cyclic loading.This study aims to examine the local stress and strain characteristics of welded joints considering material inhomogeneity.Numerical models with various material zones were developed,and material properties were determined based on hardness.Smooth specimen models were used to analyze stress and strain distributions excluding notch effects.A detailed inhomogeneous model of a welded joint was established based on extensive microhardness measurements around the weld toe and the Kriging interpolation method.Additionally,a homogeneous model and a simplified inhomogeneous model,based on limited measured data,were generated and compared with the detailed inhomogeneous model.Fatigue life was estimated using the Smith,Watson,and Topper method based on the obtained stress and strain.For smooth specimen models,stress concentration occurs at a location where the strain is not significant,and fatigue cracks were most likely to initiate from the base metal.Results from the two simplified models showed deviations from those of the detailed inhomogeneous model,and the limitations of these simplified models are discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52171166,52471190,and U20A20231)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(Nos.2024JJ2060 and 2024JJ5406)+1 种基金Key Laboratory of Materials in Dynamic Extremes of Sichuan Province(No.2023SCKT1102)supported by Sinoma Institute of Materials Research(Guang Zhou)Co.,Ltd。
文摘To improve strength and ductility of Ti-Zr-Nb lightweight refractory multi-principal element alloys(LRMPEAs)simultaneously,which is difficult for traditional solution strengthening and second-phase/precipitate strengthening,the compositional inhomogeneity in TiZrNb ternary equimolar LRMPEAs with a single-phased body-centered cubic structure is stimulated and tailored by doping V element.When V is introduced,compositional inhomogeneity shows as the segregation of V and Zr elements form.As the value of x for TiZrNbV_(x)LRMPEAs increases from 0.3 to 0.6,the mild compositional fluctuation develops to the spinodal decomposition structured three-dimensional framework with a periodicity of~5 nm.Then the dislocations in TiZrNbV_(0.6)LRMPEA are compactly pinned,a remarkable strengthening effect(~120 MPa)while the Frank-Read sources for dislocation multiplication and cross-slip are stimulated.Thus,an optimal combination of strength and ductility including the yield strength of 883 MPa and the fracture elongation of 26.6%is achieved in TiZrNbV0.6 LRMPEA.This work provides a useful method to enhance the strength of Ti-Zr-Nb LRMPEAs without sacrificing the ductility.This way is expected to be effective for other multi-principal element alloys,including high-entropy alloys and medium-entropy alloys.
基金Projects(50774026,50875059)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20070420023)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science FoundationProject(2008AA03A239)supported by the High-tech Research and Development Program of China
文摘The inhomogeneity of density and mechanical properties of A357 aluminum alloy in the semi-solid state were investigated.Numerical simulation and backward extrusion were adopted to study the preparation of cup shells.The results show that the relative density of the wall is the lowest in samples,and that of the base is the highest.With increasing the billet height,more time is needed for relative density of the corner to reach the maximum value,and the relative densities in every region improve evidently with increasing the pressure.The tensile stress was simulated to be the largest at the corner,and the hot tearings were forecasted to mainly appear at the corner too.By employing proper billet height and pressure,the extruded samples consisted of fine and uniform microstructures,and can obtain excellent mechanical properties and Brinell hardness.
文摘Ultra thin epitaxial CoSi 2 films are fabricated by solid state reaction of a deposited bilayer of Co(3nm)/Ti (1nm) on n Si(100) substrates at different temperatures.The local barrier heights of the CoSi 2/Si contacts are determined by using the ballistic electron emission microscopy (BEEM) and its spectroscopy (BEES) at low temperature.For CoSi 2/Si contact annealed at 800℃,the spatial distribution of barrier heights,which have mean barrier height of 599meV and a standard deviation of 21meV,obeys the Gaussian Function.However,for a sample that is annealed at 700℃,the barrier heights of it are more inhomogenous.Its local barrier heights range from 152meV to 870meV,which implies the large inhomogeneity of the CoSi 2 film.
文摘A wavelet method was applied to detect inhomogeneities in daily meteorological series, data which are being increasingly applied in studies of climate extremes. The wavelet method has been applied to a few well- established long-term daily temperature series back to the 18th century, which have been ＂homogenized＂ with conventional approaches. Various types of problems remaining in the series were revealed with the wavelet method. Their influences on analyses of change in climate extremes are discussed. The results have importance for understanding issues in conventional climate data processing and for development of improved methods of homogenization in order to improve analysis of climate extremes based on daily data.
基金the China NKBRSF Project G1999043400, IAP / DF and CAS project(KZ951-A1-402).
文摘Inhomogeneities in the temperature series from Beijing and Shanghai are analyzed, using the detailed histories of both sets of observations. The major corrections for different periods range from ?0.33 to 0.6°C for Beijing and ?0.33 to 0.3°C for Shanghai, Annual mean and extreme temperature series are deduced from the daily observations and trends in the adjusted and unadjusted series are compared. The adjusted yearly mean temperatures show a warming trend of 0.5°C/ century since the turn of this century and an enhanced one of 2.0°C/ century since the 1960s. In contrast, the unadjusted data show a twice this value trend for Shanghai but little trend for Beijing at the long-term scale and overestimate the recent warming by 50%–130%. Beijing experienced a decrease of frequency of the extremes together with a cooling during the 1940s–1970s and an increase of frequency of extremes together with a warming since then. The trends of frequency of extremes at Shanghai were more or less opposite. It is implied that the regional trends of strong weather variations may be different even when the regional mean temperatures coherently change. Key words Inhomogeneity - Daily temperature series - Climatic warming - Extreme temperature The study was supported by the China NKBRSF Project G 1999043400, IAP/ DF and CAS project (KZ951-A1-402).
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11174235)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.3102014JC02010301)
文摘The evaporation duct which forms above the ocean surface has a significant influence on electromagnetic wave propagation above 2 GHz over the ocean. The effects of horizontal inhomogeneity of evaporation duct on electromagnetic wave propagation are investigated, both in numerical simulation and experimental observation methods, in this paper. Firstly, the features of the horizontal inhomogeneity of the evaporation duct are discussed. Then, two typical inhomogeneous cases are simulated and compared with the homogeneous case. The result shows that path loss is significantly higher than that in the homogeneous case when the evaporation duct height （EDH） at the receiver is lower than that at the transmitter. It is also concluded that the horizontal inhomogeneity of the evaporation duct has a significant influence when the EDH is low or when the electromagnetic wave frequency is lower than 13 GHz. Finally, experimental data collected on a 149-km long propagation path in the South China Sea in 2013 are used to verify the conclusion. The experimental results are consis- tent with the simulation results. The horizontal inhomogeneity of evaporation duct should be considered when modeling electromagnetic wave propagation over the ocean.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 10132010 and 50135030).
文摘This article presents an analysis of the scattering of anti-plane shear waves from a single cylindrical inhomogeneity partially bonded to an unbounded magneto-electro-elastic matrix. The magneto-electric permeable boundary conditions are adopted. The crack opening displacement is represented by Chebyshev polynomials and a system of equations is derived and solved for the unknown coefficients. Some examples are calculated and the results are illustrated. The results show that the COD increases when the piezomagnetic coefficient of the inhomogeneity bonded to the piezoelectric matrix becomes larger, and that the COD decreases when the piezomagnetic coefficient of the matrix with the piezoelectric inhomogeneity increases.
基金The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10272009 and 10472030)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(02JJY2014)
文摘The elastic interaction between a screw dislocation and an elliptical inhomogeneity with interfacial cracks is studied. The screw dislocation may be located outside or inside the inhomogeneity. An efficient complex variable method for the complex multiply connected region is developed, and the general solutions to the problem are derived. As illustrative examples, solutions in explicit series form for complex potentials are presented in the case of one or two interfacial cracks. Image forces on the dislocation are calculated by using the Peach-Koehler formula. The influence of crack geometries and material properties on the image forces is evaluated and discussed. It is shown that the interfacial crack has a significant effect on the equilibrium position of the dislocation near an elliptical-arc interface. The main results indicate, when the length of the crack goes up to a critical value, the presence of the interfacial crack can change the interaction mechanism between a screw dislocation and an elliptical inclusion. The present solutions can include a number of previously known results as special cases.
基金Project(10472030) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A theoretical model was suggested which describes the generation of the misfit dislocation dipole in the system of the viscoelastic matrix containing a circular stiff nanoscale inhomogeneity.The critical condition of misfit dislocation dipole and the solution of equilibrium position were given.The influence of the ratio of shear modulus,the misfit strain and viscosity on the equilibrium of the dislocation and critical parameter of inhomogeneity was investigated.The result shows that the equilibrium position de increases with the increase of the ratio of original shear modulus and the effect decreases with the increase of viscosity of matrix.Along with the increase of viscosity of matrix,de first increases and then decreases and possesses maximum value when t=0.3τ and tends to a stable value when t≥1.0τ.Along with the increase of viscosity of matrix,Rc first decreases and then increases and possesses minimum value when t=0.3τ and tends to a stable value when t≥1.0τ.
基金Project supported by the State Key Program for Basic Research of China (Grant No 2005CB724206)
文摘In this paper we use theoretical analysis and extensive simulations to study zone inhomogeneity with the random asymmetric simple exclusion process （ASEP）. In the inhomogeneous zone, the hopping probability is less than 1. Two typical lattice geometries are investigated here. In case A, the lattice includes two equal segments. The hopping probability in the left segment is equal to 1, and in the right segment it is equal to p, which is less than 1. In case B, there are three equal segments in the system; the hopping probabilities in the left and right segments are equal to 1, and in the middle segment it is equal to p, which is less than 1. Through theoretical analysis, we can discover the effect on these systems when p is changed.
文摘There are two widely used radiative models without consideration of aerosol inhomogeneity for satellite remote sensing application, the Homogeneous Model and the Two-layer Model with aerosol in the lower layer. In this paper, effects of the aerosol vertical inhomogeneity on upwelling radiance and satellite remote sensing of surface reflectance are analyzed through numerical simulations by using two models. As shown in the simulations by using 24 representative aerosol models, there is often a considerably large error in upwel-ling radiance calculated by two models (Homogeneous and Two-layer) for the short wavelength channel with strong molecular scattering, owing to the difference between molecular and aerosol scattering proper-ties. For the long wavelength channel, the error is small if aerosol optical parameters are less variable with height, but it could also be significant if there are aerosol layers with different scattering phase functions and single scattering albedo. The radiance errors by the Homogeneous Model and the Two-layer Model can be up to 31.4% and 31.5% for the clean atmosphere, and in case of turbid atmosphere 67.8% and 59.2%, respectively. The radiance error could result in a large uncertainty of surface reflectance retrievals, especially for the short wavelength channel and the strongly absorbing aerosol. For the turbid atmosphere with strong-ly absorbing aerosol, the Homogeneous Model and the Two-layer Model are not suitable for atmospheric correction application. Key words Satellite remote sensing - Aerosol inhomogeneity - Surface reflectance - Radiance
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61106080 and 61275042)the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2013ZX02305)
文摘Tung＇s model was used to analyze anomalies observed in Ti/Si C Schottky contacts. The degree of the inhomogeneous Schottky barrier after annealing at different temperatures is characterized by the ‘T0anomaly＇ and the difference（△Φ）between the uniformly high barrier height（Φ0B） and the effective barrier height（Φeff B）. Those two parameters of Ti Schottky contacts on 4H–Si C were deduced from I–V measurements in the temperature range of 298 K–503 K. The increase in Schottky barrier（SB） height（ΦB） and decrease in the ideality factor（n） with an increase measurement temperature indicate the presence of an inhomogeneous SB. The degree of inhomogeneity of the Schottky barrier depends on the annealing temperature, and it is at its lowest for 500-°C thermal treatment. The degree of inhomogeneity of the SB could reveal effects of thermal treatments on Schottky contacts in other aspects.
基金supported by the Disaster Prevention and Engineering Safety Laboratory in Guangxi and the National NaturalScience Foundation of China(Nos.11072177 and 10872150)the Scientific Research Foundation for the ReturnedOverseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry
文摘The elastoplastic pure bending problem of a curved beam with material inhomo- geneity is investigated based on Tresca＇s yield criterion and its associated flow rule. Suppose that the material is elastically isotropic, ideally elastic-plastic and its elastic modulus and yield limit vary radially according to exponential functions. Closed-form solutions to the stresses and radial displacement in both purely elastic stress state and partially plastic stress state are presented. Numerical examples reveal the distinct characteristics of elastoplastic bending of a curved beam composed of inhomogeneous materials. Due to the inhomogeneity of materials, the bearing capac- ity of the curved beam can be improved greatly and the initial yield mode can also be dominated. Closed-form solutions presented here can serve as benchmark results for evaluating numerical solutions.
基金Project(51905437)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2019M653726)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science FoundationProject(3102019QD0407)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘The local inhomogeneity of the stir zone in friction stir welded face-centered cubic metal was investigated,which has multiple activated slip systems during plastic deformation,by selecting commercial AA1050 aluminum alloy as an ideal experimental material.The local inhomogeneity was evaluated by uniaxial tensile tests using small samples with a 1 mm gauge length.The corresponding microstructural parameters such as grain size,misorientation angle distribution,and micro-texture,were quantified by the backscattered electron diffraction technique.A comprehensive model was used to reveal the microstructure−mechanical property relationship.The experimental results showed that the uniaxial tensile property changes significantly across the weld.The maximum ultimate tensile strength(UTS)occurred in the center of the stir zone,which was 99.0 MPa.The weakest regions were located at the two sides of the stir zone.The largest difference value in UTS reached 14.9 MPa,accounting for 15%of the maximum UTS.The analysis on the structure−mechanical property relationship suggests that the micro-texture change with the location formed during the rotational material flow is the main reason for the local inhomogeneity.
文摘Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.
